{"id":1418,"date":"2026-03-23T13:40:13","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T13:40:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1v2\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1418"},"modified":"2026-03-23T17:44:28","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T17:44:28","slug":"avoiding-shifts","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1v2\/chapter\/avoiding-shifts\/","title":{"raw":"Avoiding Shifts","rendered":"Avoiding Shifts"},"content":{"raw":"Writers should keep the elements in a sentence consistent, avoiding any unnecessary changes in tense, voice, mood, person, number, and discourse.\u00a0 Such unnecessary changes, or \"shifts,\" may make reading difficult and obscure the sentence\u2019s meaning for the reader.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/tenseconsistency.htm\">Verb tense<\/a>\r\n\r\nExcept for special cases where the intended meaning requires a change in tense, maintain the same tense within a sentence.\r\n\r\nError: shift in verb tense\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts1.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nThe sentence above begins in the past tense but shifts, without reason, to the present tense.\r\n\r\nError repaired:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts2.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/activepass.htm\">Voice<\/a>\r\n\r\nThe voice of a verb may be either\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/activepass.htm\">active or passive<\/a>\u00a0in a sentence.\u00a0 When a sentence contains two or more verbs,\u00a0both verbs should maintain the same voice.\r\n\r\nError - shift in voice:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts3.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nThe sentence above begins in active voice but shifts without reason to passive voice.\r\n\r\nError repaired:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts4.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nExample - emphasis on subject\u00a0<em>requires<\/em>\u00a0shift in voice:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts5.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nHere, the use of passive allows the sentence to focus on the subject.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/verbs.htm\">Mood<\/a>\r\n\r\nShifts in mood often occur with directions, where the mood shifts from<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/verbs.htm#indicative_mood\">\u00a0indicative\u00a0<\/a>to<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/verbs.htm#imperative%20mood\">\u00a0imperative<\/a>\u00a0or from imperative to indicative.\r\n\r\nError - shift in mood:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts6.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nError repaired:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts7.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>Person<\/strong>\r\n\r\nEnglish has three \"persons\" or points of view:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 first person - the speaker\r\n<em>\u00a0 I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours\r\n<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 second person - the person spoken to\r\n<em>you, your, yours\r\n<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 third person - the person or thing spoken about\r\n<em>he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nUnless the meaning of a sentence clearly requires a change,\u00a0keep person consistent within a sentence.\r\n\r\nShifts in person usually occur with changes from the third to the second person point of view.\r\n\r\nError - shift in person:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts9.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nError repaired:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts10.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nIf the meaning of a sentence clearly requires a change, then you may change person as needed.\r\n\r\nExample requiring a change in person:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts8.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nSince both\u00a0<strong><em>I\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>and\u00a0<strong><em>the others<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0are doing something in the above sentence, the shift in person is justified.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/pro_antagree.htm#rule1\">Number<\/a>\r\n\r\nUse\u00a0singular pronouns\u00a0to refer to\u00a0singular<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/pro_antagree.htm#_antecedent_\">\u00a0antecedents<\/a>;\u00a0use\u00a0plural pronouns\u00a0to\u00a0refer to\u00a0plural antecedents.\r\n\r\nError - shift in number:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts11.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nError repaired:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts12.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>Discourse<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThere are two ways to recount someone's words.\u00a0\u00a0Each way requires its own format.\r\n\r\nA\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/punct2.htm#3.%20To%20enclose%20a%20direct%20quotation:\"><strong>direct quotation<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0gives the exact words of a speaker, surrounding the words with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/punct2.htm#3.%20To%20enclose%20a%20direct%20quotation:\">quotation marks<\/a>.\r\n\r\nExample:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts13.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nAn<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/punct2.htm#NOTE:%20%20Do%20not%20use%20quotation%20marks%20to%20enclose%20indirect%20quotations\"><strong>\u00a0indirect quotation<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0paraphrases the speaker's words and does not place them inside quotation marks.\u00a0 Even if the indirect quotation paraphrases a question, the sentence ends with a period.\r\n\r\nExample:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts14.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nNote the difference in the formats above:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts15.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nA shift in discourse occurs when, within a sentence, the writer uses the format of one form and shifts some part to the format of the other.\r\n\r\nExample - shift in discourse:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts16.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nError repaired with\u00a0<strong>indirect\u00a0<\/strong>discourse:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts17.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nError repaired with\u00a0<strong>direct<\/strong>\u00a0discourse:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts18.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>Sentence construction<\/strong>\r\n\r\nA shift in sentence construction occurs when words or phrases intended for one purpose are used for another, upsetting the natural flow of the sentence.\u00a0 Below are examples of three frequent errors that shift sentence construction.\u00a0 Below each error is an example showing one or more ways to repair the error.\r\n\r\nError -<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/sentelmt.htm#Phrases\">prepositional phrase<\/a>\u00a0used as subject:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts19.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nCorrect:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts20.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nError - faulty subject:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts21.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nCorrect:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts22.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\nUsing\u00a0<strong><em>is because, is where,<\/em><\/strong><em>\u00a0or\u00a0<strong>is when<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>in a sentence often creates a construction shift.\u00a0 Avoid this phrasing:\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts26.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">Error -<i>\u00a0is when<\/i><\/span>\r\n\r\n<i><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts27.jpg\" width=\"383\" height=\"96\" border=\"0\" \/><\/span><\/i>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><i>\u00a0 <\/i>Correct<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts28.jpg\" width=\"361\" height=\"77\" border=\"0\" \/><\/span>","rendered":"<p>Writers should keep the elements in a sentence consistent, avoiding any unnecessary changes in tense, voice, mood, person, number, and discourse.\u00a0 Such unnecessary changes, or &#8220;shifts,&#8221; may make reading difficult and obscure the sentence\u2019s meaning for the reader.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/tenseconsistency.htm\">Verb tense<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Except for special cases where the intended meaning requires a change in tense, maintain the same tense within a sentence.<\/p>\n<p>Error: shift in verb tense<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The sentence above begins in the past tense but shifts, without reason, to the present tense.<\/p>\n<p>Error repaired:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts2.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/activepass.htm\">Voice<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The voice of a verb may be either\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/activepass.htm\">active or passive<\/a>\u00a0in a sentence.\u00a0 When a sentence contains two or more verbs,\u00a0both verbs should maintain the same voice.<\/p>\n<p>Error &#8211; shift in voice:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts3.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The sentence above begins in active voice but shifts without reason to passive voice.<\/p>\n<p>Error repaired:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts4.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Example &#8211; emphasis on subject\u00a0<em>requires<\/em>\u00a0shift in voice:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts5.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Here, the use of passive allows the sentence to focus on the subject.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/verbs.htm\">Mood<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Shifts in mood often occur with directions, where the mood shifts from<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/verbs.htm#indicative_mood\">\u00a0indicative\u00a0<\/a>to<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/verbs.htm#imperative%20mood\">\u00a0imperative<\/a>\u00a0or from imperative to indicative.<\/p>\n<p>Error &#8211; shift in mood:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts6.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Error repaired:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts7.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Person<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>English has three &#8220;persons&#8221; or points of view:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 first person &#8211; the speaker<br \/>\n<em>\u00a0 I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours<br \/>\n<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 second person &#8211; the person spoken to<br \/>\n<em>you, your, yours<br \/>\n<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 third person &#8211; the person or thing spoken about<br \/>\n<em>he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Unless the meaning of a sentence clearly requires a change,\u00a0keep person consistent within a sentence.<\/p>\n<p>Shifts in person usually occur with changes from the third to the second person point of view.<\/p>\n<p>Error &#8211; shift in person:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts9.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Error repaired:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts10.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>If the meaning of a sentence clearly requires a change, then you may change person as needed.<\/p>\n<p>Example requiring a change in person:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts8.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Since both\u00a0<strong><em>I\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>and\u00a0<strong><em>the others<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0are doing something in the above sentence, the shift in person is justified.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/pro_antagree.htm#rule1\">Number<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Use\u00a0singular pronouns\u00a0to refer to\u00a0singular<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/pro_antagree.htm#_antecedent_\">\u00a0antecedents<\/a>;\u00a0use\u00a0plural pronouns\u00a0to\u00a0refer to\u00a0plural antecedents.<\/p>\n<p>Error &#8211; shift in number:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts11.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Error repaired:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts12.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Discourse<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are two ways to recount someone&#8217;s words.\u00a0\u00a0Each way requires its own format.<\/p>\n<p>A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/punct2.htm#3.%20To%20enclose%20a%20direct%20quotation:\"><strong>direct quotation<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0gives the exact words of a speaker, surrounding the words with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/punct2.htm#3.%20To%20enclose%20a%20direct%20quotation:\">quotation marks<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Example:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts13.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>An<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/punct2.htm#NOTE:%20%20Do%20not%20use%20quotation%20marks%20to%20enclose%20indirect%20quotations\"><strong>\u00a0indirect quotation<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0paraphrases the speaker&#8217;s words and does not place them inside quotation marks.\u00a0 Even if the indirect quotation paraphrases a question, the sentence ends with a period.<\/p>\n<p>Example:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts14.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Note the difference in the formats above:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts15.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A shift in discourse occurs when, within a sentence, the writer uses the format of one form and shifts some part to the format of the other.<\/p>\n<p>Example &#8211; shift in discourse:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts16.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Error repaired with\u00a0<strong>indirect\u00a0<\/strong>discourse:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts17.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Error repaired with\u00a0<strong>direct<\/strong>\u00a0discourse:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts18.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sentence construction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A shift in sentence construction occurs when words or phrases intended for one purpose are used for another, upsetting the natural flow of the sentence.\u00a0 Below are examples of three frequent errors that shift sentence construction.\u00a0 Below each error is an example showing one or more ways to repair the error.<\/p>\n<p>Error &#8211;<a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/sentelmt.htm#Phrases\">prepositional phrase<\/a>\u00a0used as subject:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts19.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Correct:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts20.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Error &#8211; faulty subject:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts21.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Correct:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts22.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Using\u00a0<strong><em>is because, is where,<\/em><\/strong><em>\u00a0or\u00a0<strong>is when<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>in a sentence often creates a construction shift.\u00a0 Avoid this phrasing:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts26.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">Error &#8211;<i>\u00a0is when<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts27.jpg\" width=\"383\" height=\"96\" border=\"0\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><i>\u00a0 <\/i>Correct<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts28.jpg\" width=\"361\" height=\"77\" border=\"0\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1418\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Avoiding Shifts. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>:  Margaret L. Benner. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Towson University. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts.htm\">https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts.htm<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/pdm\">Public Domain: No Known Copyright<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: For educational purposes only<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":6525,"menu_order":11,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Avoiding Shifts\",\"author\":\" Margaret L. Benner\",\"organization\":\"Towson University\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/webapps.towson.edu\/ows\/shifts.htm\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"pd\",\"license_terms\":\"For educational purposes only\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1418","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":240,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1v2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1v2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6525"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1v2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1418\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1423,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1v2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1418\/revisions\/1423"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1v2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/240"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1v2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1418\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1v2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1418"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1418"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-english1v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}