{"id":485,"date":"2015-04-10T16:56:01","date_gmt":"2015-04-10T16:56:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/fitness1xmaster\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=485"},"modified":"2015-12-01T21:55:02","modified_gmt":"2015-12-01T21:55:02","slug":"overview-of-muscle-tissue-types","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-fitness-2\/chapter\/overview-of-muscle-tissue-types\/","title":{"raw":"Overview of Muscle Tissue Types","rendered":"Overview of Muscle Tissue Types"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>The three types of muscle tissue are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"bcp-concept--content-area bcp-concept--content-display\">\r\n<div class=\"bcp-concept--smartnotes\">\r\n<div class=\"bcp-concept--learning-objectives\">\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<h3>LEARNING OBJECTIVE<\/h3>\r\nBy the end of this section, you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Differentiate between the structure and location of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_section\"><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3>Key Points<\/h3>\r\n<section id=\"self-check-questions\">\r\n<div class=\"bcp-concept--key-points\">\r\n<ul class=\"bcp-concept--key-points-list\">\r\n\t<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and allow voluntary movement of the body.<\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Smooth muscles, which generate involuntary movement, form part of the walls of the esophagus, stomach, intestines, bronchi, uterus, urethra, bladder, and blood vessels, among other portions of the body.<\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Cardiac muscle is involuntary and found only in the heart.<\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Skeletal muscle is striated in regular, parallel bundles of sarcomeres.<\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Cardiac muscle is striated, but the bundles are connected at branching, irregular angles called intercalated discs.<\/li>\r\n\t<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Skeletal muscle tissue is about 15% denser than fat tissue.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h4 class=\"bcp-concept--minor-heading\"><\/h4>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\"><section id=\"glossary\">\r\n<h3>GLOSSARY<\/h3>\r\n<div data-type=\"definition\">\r\n\r\n<strong>cardiac muscle<\/strong>:\u00a0The striated and involuntary muscle of the vertebrate heart.\r\n\r\n<strong>skeletal muscle<\/strong>: The voluntary muscle of vertebrates, which is striated and anchored by tendons to bone, is used to effect skeletal movement such as locomotion.\r\n\r\n<strong>smooth muscle<\/strong>: Involuntary muscle which is found within the intestines, throat, uterus, and blood vessel walls.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info textbox\"><strong>Example<\/strong>:\u00a0The girl is taking a walk, using her voluntary control of her skeletal muscles to move her body down the path. She decides to climb a hill and can feel the involuntary racing of her heart as she climbs the rugged slope. At the top of the hill, she takes a deep drink of water, which will eventually lead to an involuntary stretching of her bladder as she heads home.<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"flagger__flag-container smartnotes\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"bcp-concept--content-area bcp-concept--content-display\">\r\n<div class=\"bcp-concept--fulltext\">\r\n<h2>Different Types, Different Functions<\/h2>\r\nMuscle tissue is a soft tissue, and is one of the four fundamental types of tissue present in animals. There are three types of muscle tissue recognized in vertebrates. <em>Skeletal muscle,<\/em> or <em>voluntary muscle,<\/em> is anchored to bone by tendons, or by aponeuroses at a few places, and is used to effect skeletal movement in activities such as locomotion and maintaining posture. Though this postural control is generally maintained as an unconscious reflex, the muscles responsible react to conscious control like non-postural muscles. An average adult male is made up of 42% of skeletal muscle and an average adult female is made up of 36%, expressed as a percentage of body mass.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-491 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/406\/2015\/04\/21032219\/illu-muscle-tissues.jpe\" alt=\"Microscope slides of skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle\" width=\"520\" height=\"130\" \/>\r\n\r\n<figure id=\"f8d46\" contenteditable=\"false\" data-figure-type=\"image\" data-id=\"1448\" data-json=\"{&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1b\/Illu_muscle_tissues.jpg&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:1448,&quot;figure_type&quot;:&quot;Image&quot;,&quot;attribution&quot;:{&quot;license_id&quot;:22,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Wikipedia&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Illu muscle tissues&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Illu_muscle_tissues.jpg&quot;,&quot;user_created&quot;:false,&quot;user_created_agreement&quot;:false}}\">\r\n<div class=\"figtitle\">Muscle Types<\/div>\r\n<figcaption>Cardiac and skeletal muscle are both striated in appearance, while smooth muscle is not. \u00a0Both cardiac and smooth muscle are involuntary while skeletal muscle is voluntary.<\/figcaption><\/figure>&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>Smooth muscle,<\/em> or <em>involuntary muscle,<\/em> is found within the walls of organs and structures such as the esophagus, stomach, intestines, bronchi, uterus, urethra, bladder, blood vessels, and the arrector pili in the skin, in which it controls the\u00a0erection of body hair. Unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle is not under conscious control. Cardiac muscle is also an involuntary muscle but is more akin in structure to skeletal muscle, and is found only in the heart.\r\n\r\nCardiac and skeletal muscles are <em>striated<\/em>, in that they contain sarcomeres and are packed into highly regular, repeating arrangements of bundles; smooth muscle has neither attribute. While skeletal muscles are arranged in regular, parallel bundles, cardiac muscle connects at branching, irregular angles, called<em> intercalated discs<\/em>. Striated muscle contracts and relaxes in short, intense bursts, whereas smooth muscle sustains longer or even near-permanent contractions.\r\n\r\nThe density of mammalian skeletal muscle tissue is about 1.06 kg\/liter. This can be contrasted with the density of adipose tissue (fat), which is 0.9196 kg\/liter. This makes muscle tissue approximately 15% denser than fat tissue.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<h2>The three types of muscle tissue are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac<\/h2>\n<div class=\"bcp-concept--content-area bcp-concept--content-display\">\n<div class=\"bcp-concept--smartnotes\">\n<div class=\"bcp-concept--learning-objectives\">\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<h3>LEARNING OBJECTIVE<\/h3>\n<p>By the end of this section, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Differentiate between the structure and location of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_section\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>Key Points<\/h3>\n<section id=\"self-check-questions\">\n<div class=\"bcp-concept--key-points\">\n<ul class=\"bcp-concept--key-points-list\">\n<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and allow voluntary movement of the body.<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Smooth muscles, which generate involuntary movement, form part of the walls of the esophagus, stomach, intestines, bronchi, uterus, urethra, bladder, and blood vessels, among other portions of the body.<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Cardiac muscle is involuntary and found only in the heart.<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Skeletal muscle is striated in regular, parallel bundles of sarcomeres.<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Cardiac muscle is striated, but the bundles are connected at branching, irregular angles called intercalated discs.<\/li>\n<li class=\"bcp-concept__smartnote-list-item\">Skeletal muscle tissue is about 15% denser than fat tissue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"bcp-concept--minor-heading\"><\/h4>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\">\n<section id=\"glossary\">\n<h3>GLOSSARY<\/h3>\n<div data-type=\"definition\">\n<p><strong>cardiac muscle<\/strong>:\u00a0The striated and involuntary muscle of the vertebrate heart.<\/p>\n<p><strong>skeletal muscle<\/strong>: The voluntary muscle of vertebrates, which is striated and anchored by tendons to bone, is used to effect skeletal movement such as locomotion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>smooth muscle<\/strong>: Involuntary muscle which is found within the intestines, throat, uterus, and blood vessel walls.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info textbox\"><strong>Example<\/strong>:\u00a0The girl is taking a walk, using her voluntary control of her skeletal muscles to move her body down the path. She decides to climb a hill and can feel the involuntary racing of her heart as she climbs the rugged slope. At the top of the hill, she takes a deep drink of water, which will eventually lead to an involuntary stretching of her bladder as she heads home.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"flagger__flag-container smartnotes\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bcp-concept--content-area bcp-concept--content-display\">\n<div class=\"bcp-concept--fulltext\">\n<h2>Different Types, Different Functions<\/h2>\n<p>Muscle tissue is a soft tissue, and is one of the four fundamental types of tissue present in animals. There are three types of muscle tissue recognized in vertebrates. <em>Skeletal muscle,<\/em> or <em>voluntary muscle,<\/em> is anchored to bone by tendons, or by aponeuroses at a few places, and is used to effect skeletal movement in activities such as locomotion and maintaining posture. Though this postural control is generally maintained as an unconscious reflex, the muscles responsible react to conscious control like non-postural muscles. An average adult male is made up of 42% of skeletal muscle and an average adult female is made up of 36%, expressed as a percentage of body mass.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-491 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/406\/2015\/04\/21032219\/illu-muscle-tissues.jpe\" alt=\"Microscope slides of skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle\" width=\"520\" height=\"130\" \/><\/p>\n<figure id=\"f8d46\" contenteditable=\"false\" data-figure-type=\"image\" data-id=\"1448\" data-json=\"{&quot;image_url&quot;:&quot;http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1b\/Illu_muscle_tissues.jpg&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:1448,&quot;figure_type&quot;:&quot;Image&quot;,&quot;attribution&quot;:{&quot;license_id&quot;:22,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Wikipedia&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Illu muscle tissues&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Illu_muscle_tissues.jpg&quot;,&quot;user_created&quot;:false,&quot;user_created_agreement&quot;:false}}\">\n<div class=\"figtitle\">Muscle Types<\/div><figcaption>Cardiac and skeletal muscle are both striated in appearance, while smooth muscle is not. \u00a0Both cardiac and smooth muscle are involuntary while skeletal muscle is voluntary.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Smooth muscle,<\/em> or <em>involuntary muscle,<\/em> is found within the walls of organs and structures such as the esophagus, stomach, intestines, bronchi, uterus, urethra, bladder, blood vessels, and the arrector pili in the skin, in which it controls the\u00a0erection of body hair. Unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle is not under conscious control. Cardiac muscle is also an involuntary muscle but is more akin in structure to skeletal muscle, and is found only in the heart.<\/p>\n<p>Cardiac and skeletal muscles are <em>striated<\/em>, in that they contain sarcomeres and are packed into highly regular, repeating arrangements of bundles; smooth muscle has neither attribute. While skeletal muscles are arranged in regular, parallel bundles, cardiac muscle connects at branching, irregular angles, called<em> intercalated discs<\/em>. Striated muscle contracts and relaxes in short, intense bursts, whereas smooth muscle sustains longer or even near-permanent contractions.<\/p>\n<p>The density of mammalian skeletal muscle tissue is about 1.06 kg\/liter. This can be contrasted with the density of adipose tissue (fat), which is 0.9196 kg\/liter. This makes muscle tissue approximately 15% denser than fat tissue.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-485\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Overview of Muscle Tissue Types. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Boundless. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/physiology\/textbooks\/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook\/muscle-tissue-9\/overview-of-muscle-tissue-95\/overview-of-muscle-tissue-types-535-6519\/\">https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/physiology\/textbooks\/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook\/muscle-tissue-9\/overview-of-muscle-tissue-95\/overview-of-muscle-tissue-types-535-6519\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Boundless Anatomy and Physiology. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Lifetime Fitness and Wellness. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Extended Learning Institute of Northern Virginia Community College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/eli.nvcc.edu\/\">https:\/\/eli.nvcc.edu\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":277,"menu_order":13,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Overview of Muscle Tissue Types\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Boundless\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/physiology\/textbooks\/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook\/muscle-tissue-9\/overview-of-muscle-tissue-95\/overview-of-muscle-tissue-types-535-6519\/\",\"project\":\"Boundless Anatomy and Physiology\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Lifetime Fitness and Wellness\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Extended Learning Institute of Northern Virginia Community College\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/eli.nvcc.edu\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-485","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":141,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-fitness-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-fitness-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-fitness-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-fitness-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/277"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-fitness-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/485\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":752,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-fitness-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/485\/revisions\/752"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-fitness-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/141"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-fitness-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/485\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-fitness-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-fitness-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=485"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-fitness-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=485"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-fitness-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}