{"id":561,"date":"2017-04-03T21:15:27","date_gmt":"2017-04-03T21:15:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=561"},"modified":"2017-04-13T18:47:16","modified_gmt":"2017-04-13T18:47:16","slug":"data-as-sources","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/chapter\/data-as-sources\/","title":{"raw":"Data as Sources","rendered":"Data as Sources"},"content":{"raw":"Researchers find data (quantitative or qualitative information) to describe people, places, events, or situations, back up their claims, prove a hypothesis, or show that one is not correct. In other words, they often use data to help answer their research questions.\r\n\r\nHere are some hypotheses that would require data to prove:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>More women than men voted in the last presidential election in a majority of states.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A certain drug shows promising results in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Listening to certain genres of music lowers blood pressure.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>People of certain religious denominations are more likely to find a specific television program objectionable.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The average weight of house cats in the United States has increased over the past 30 years.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The average square footage of supermarkets in the United States has increased in the past 20 years.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>More tomatoes were consumed per person in the United Kingdom in 2015 than in 1962.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nResearchers may find data on easily accessed webpages or buried in a database, book, or article that may or may not be on the open web.\r\n\r\n(See <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/chapter\/quantitative-or-qualitative\/\">Quantitative or Qualitative<\/a> for some definitions and examples.)\r\n<div class=\"activity\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n<h3><strong>Activity:<\/strong> Example of Data<\/h3>\r\nCheck out this <a href=\"http:\/\/nutritiondata.self.com\/facts\/meals-entrees-and-sidedishes\/8060\/2\" target=\"_blank\">very detailed data<\/a> about frozen lasagna. Did you ever think this much data was available? Are there elements new to you? How might you use such data?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"example\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<h3><strong>Movie:<\/strong> Reinterpreting Little Red Riding Hood<\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/Y54ABqSOScQ<\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Y54ABqSOScQ\" target=\"_blank\">View video<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/osu.pb.unizin.org\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/07\/little-red-riding-hood-transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">View Text Version<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1>Obtaining Data<\/h1>\r\nThere are two ways of obtaining data:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Obtain data that already exists. That\u2019s what this section will cover.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Collect data yourself by making observations. This can include activities such as conducting surveys or interviews, directly recording measurements in a lab or the field, or even receiving electronic data recorded by computers\/machines that gather the data. You will explore these activities in courses you take.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nData can be found all over the place. While you can, of course, use general web search engines to try to find data, there are several excellent tools for finding data on a wide range of topics. (See our <a href=\"http:\/\/guides.osu.edu\/c.php?g=280921\" target=\"_blank\">Data Research Guide<\/a> for information and links to those tools.)\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu\/login?url=http:\/\/www.mergentonline.com\/hoovers\" target=\"_blank\">Hoover\u2019s Online<\/a> (OSU Only)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu\/login?url=http:\/\/www.imfstatistics.org\" target=\"_blank\">International Monetary Fund Statistical Databases<\/a> (OSU Only)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/browse\/collectionGPO.action?collectionCode=BUDGET\" target=\"_blank\">Budget of the United States Government<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/nces.ed.gov\" target=\"_blank\">National Center for Education Statistics<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Science Data:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.agcensus.usda.gov\" target=\"_blank\">Census of Agriculture<\/a> (OSU only)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lib.noaa.gov\/collections\/imgdocmaps\/daily_weather_maps.html\" target=\"_blank\">Daily Weather Maps NOAA)<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/geo.data.gov\/geoportal\/catalog\/main\/home.page\" target=\"_blank\">GeoData.gov<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/whosis\/en\" target=\"_blank\">World Health Organization Statistical Information System<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/epa.gov\/enviro\/index_java.html\" target=\"_blank\">Envirofacts<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4>Finding Data in Articles, Books, Web Pages, and More<\/h4>\r\nA lot of data can be found as part of another source \u2013 including web pages, books, and journals. In other words, the data do not stand alone as a distinct element, but rather are part of a larger work.\r\n\r\nYou could, of course, contact an author to request additional data. Researchers will discuss their data and its analysis \u2013 and sometimes provide some (or occasionally, all) of it. Some may link to a larger data set. A lot of data can be found as part of other a source \u2013 including web pages, books, and journals.\u00a0 In other words, the data do not stand alone as a distinct element, but rather are part of a larger work.\u00a0 Researchers will discuss their data and its analysis \u2013 and sometimes provide some (or occasionally, all) of it.\u00a0 Some may link to a larger data set.\u00a0 You could, of course, contact an author to request additional data.\r\n\r\nTerms like statistics or data may or may not be useful search terms to use. Use these with caution, especially when searching library catalogs. (See information on the <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/chapter\/library-catalog\/\">Library Catalog<\/a>. More information on searching is at <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/chapter\/why-precision-searching\/\">Precision Searching<\/a>.)\r\n\r\nOnce you search for your topic, you may want to try skimming the items for tables, graphs, or charts.\u00a0These items are summaries or illustrations of data gathered by researchers.\u00a0However, sometimes data and interpretations are solely in the body of the text.\r\n\r\nDepending on your research question, you may need to gather data from multiple resources to get everything you need.\u00a0You may also find data gathered on the same topic give conflicting results.\u00a0This is the reality of research. When this happens, you can\u2019t just ignore the differences\u2014you\u2019ll have to do your best to explain why the differences occurred.\r\n<div class=\"activity\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n<h3><strong>Activity:<\/strong> Where to Find Data<\/h3>\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/library.osu.edu\/blogs\/choosingsources\/files\/2016\/07\/data.htm\">Open activity in a web browser.<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1>Proper Use of Data<\/h1>\r\nOnce you have your data, you can examine them and make an interpretation. Sometimes, you can do so easily. But not always.\r\n\r\n<em>What if\u2026<\/em>\r\n\r\n<em>\u2026you had a lot of information?<\/em> Sometimes data can be very complicated and may include thousands (or millions\u2026or billions\u2026or more!) of data points. Suppose you only have a date and the high temperature for Columbus \u2013 but you have this for 20 years\u2019 worth of days. Do you want to calculate the average highs for each month based upon 20 years\u2019 worth of data by hand or even with a calculator?\r\n\r\n<em>\u2026you want to be able to prove a relationship?<\/em> Perhaps your theory is that social sciences students do better in a certain class than arts\/humanities or science students. You may have a huge spreadsheet of data from 20 years\u2019 worth of this course\u2019s sections and would need to use statistical methods to see if a relationship between major and course grade exist.\r\n\r\nYou may find yourself using special software, such as Excel, SAS, and SPSS, in such situations.\r\n\r\nMany people may have a tendency to look for data to prove their hypothesis or idea. However, you may find that the opposite happens: the data may actually disprove your hypothesis. You should never try to manipulate data so that it gives credence to your desired outcome. While it may not be the answer you wanted to find, it is the answer that exists. You may, of course, look for other sources of data \u2013 perhaps there are multiple sources of data for the same topic with differing results. Inconclusive or conflicting findings do happen and can be the answer (even if it\u2019s not the one you wanted!).\r\n\r\nAnd, like with any other information resource, you should cite any data you use from a resource. If you found the data in a book, on a web page, or in an article, cite the data like you would those formats. If you used a database or downloaded a file, the citation style\u2019s guide\/manual should have directions for how to properly cite the data. (See <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/chapter\/citation-and-citation-styles\/\">How to Cite Sources<\/a>.)\r\n<div class=\"example\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<h3><strong>Examples:<\/strong> Citing Data<\/h3>\r\nData from a research database:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>APA: Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2008). \u201cCrops Harvested\u201d, Crop Production [data file]. Data Planet, (09\/15\/2009).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>MLA: \u201cCrops Harvested\u201d, Department of Agriculture (USDA) [data file] (2008). Data Planet, (09\/15\/2009).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nData from a file found on the open Web:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>APA: Center for Health Statistics, Washington State Department of Health. (2012, November). Mortality Table D1. Age-Adjusted Rates for Leading Causes of Cancer for Residents, 2002-2011. [Microsoft Excel file]. Washington State Department of Health. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.doh.wa.gov\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.doh.wa.gov\/<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li>MLA: Center for Health Statistics, Washington State Department of Health. Mortality Table D1. Age-Adjusted Rates for Leading Causes of Cancer for Residents, 2002-2011. Washington State Department of Health, Nov. 2012. Microsoft Excel file. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.doh.wa.gov\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.doh.wa.gov\/<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<p>Researchers find data (quantitative or qualitative information) to describe people, places, events, or situations, back up their claims, prove a hypothesis, or show that one is not correct. In other words, they often use data to help answer their research questions.<\/p>\n<p>Here are some hypotheses that would require data to prove:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>More women than men voted in the last presidential election in a majority of states.<\/li>\n<li>A certain drug shows promising results in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.<\/li>\n<li>Listening to certain genres of music lowers blood pressure.<\/li>\n<li>People of certain religious denominations are more likely to find a specific television program objectionable.<\/li>\n<li>The average weight of house cats in the United States has increased over the past 30 years.<\/li>\n<li>The average square footage of supermarkets in the United States has increased in the past 20 years.<\/li>\n<li>More tomatoes were consumed per person in the United Kingdom in 2015 than in 1962.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Researchers may find data on easily accessed webpages or buried in a database, book, or article that may or may not be on the open web.<\/p>\n<p>(See <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/chapter\/quantitative-or-qualitative\/\">Quantitative or Qualitative<\/a> for some definitions and examples.)<\/p>\n<div class=\"activity\">\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<h3><strong>Activity:<\/strong> Example of Data<\/h3>\n<p>Check out this <a href=\"http:\/\/nutritiondata.self.com\/facts\/meals-entrees-and-sidedishes\/8060\/2\" target=\"_blank\">very detailed data<\/a> about frozen lasagna. Did you ever think this much data was available? Are there elements new to you? How might you use such data?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"example\">\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<h3><strong>Movie:<\/strong> Reinterpreting Little Red Riding Hood<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Slagsm\u00e5lsklubben - Sponsored by destiny\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Y54ABqSOScQ?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Y54ABqSOScQ\" target=\"_blank\">View video<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/osu.pb.unizin.org\/choosingsources\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2016\/07\/little-red-riding-hood-transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">View Text Version<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>Obtaining Data<\/h1>\n<p>There are two ways of obtaining data:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obtain data that already exists. That\u2019s what this section will cover.<\/li>\n<li>Collect data yourself by making observations. This can include activities such as conducting surveys or interviews, directly recording measurements in a lab or the field, or even receiving electronic data recorded by computers\/machines that gather the data. You will explore these activities in courses you take.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Data can be found all over the place. While you can, of course, use general web search engines to try to find data, there are several excellent tools for finding data on a wide range of topics. (See our <a href=\"http:\/\/guides.osu.edu\/c.php?g=280921\" target=\"_blank\">Data Research Guide<\/a> for information and links to those tools.)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu\/login?url=http:\/\/www.mergentonline.com\/hoovers\" target=\"_blank\">Hoover\u2019s Online<\/a> (OSU Only)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu\/login?url=http:\/\/www.imfstatistics.org\" target=\"_blank\">International Monetary Fund Statistical Databases<\/a> (OSU Only)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/browse\/collectionGPO.action?collectionCode=BUDGET\" target=\"_blank\">Budget of the United States Government<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/nces.ed.gov\" target=\"_blank\">National Center for Education Statistics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Science Data:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.agcensus.usda.gov\" target=\"_blank\">Census of Agriculture<\/a> (OSU only)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lib.noaa.gov\/collections\/imgdocmaps\/daily_weather_maps.html\" target=\"_blank\">Daily Weather Maps NOAA)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/geo.data.gov\/geoportal\/catalog\/main\/home.page\" target=\"_blank\">GeoData.gov<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/whosis\/en\" target=\"_blank\">World Health Organization Statistical Information System<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/epa.gov\/enviro\/index_java.html\" target=\"_blank\">Envirofacts<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Finding Data in Articles, Books, Web Pages, and More<\/h4>\n<p>A lot of data can be found as part of another source \u2013 including web pages, books, and journals. In other words, the data do not stand alone as a distinct element, but rather are part of a larger work.<\/p>\n<p>You could, of course, contact an author to request additional data. Researchers will discuss their data and its analysis \u2013 and sometimes provide some (or occasionally, all) of it. Some may link to a larger data set. A lot of data can be found as part of other a source \u2013 including web pages, books, and journals.\u00a0 In other words, the data do not stand alone as a distinct element, but rather are part of a larger work.\u00a0 Researchers will discuss their data and its analysis \u2013 and sometimes provide some (or occasionally, all) of it.\u00a0 Some may link to a larger data set.\u00a0 You could, of course, contact an author to request additional data.<\/p>\n<p>Terms like statistics or data may or may not be useful search terms to use. Use these with caution, especially when searching library catalogs. (See information on the <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/chapter\/library-catalog\/\">Library Catalog<\/a>. More information on searching is at <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/chapter\/why-precision-searching\/\">Precision Searching<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>Once you search for your topic, you may want to try skimming the items for tables, graphs, or charts.\u00a0These items are summaries or illustrations of data gathered by researchers.\u00a0However, sometimes data and interpretations are solely in the body of the text.<\/p>\n<p>Depending on your research question, you may need to gather data from multiple resources to get everything you need.\u00a0You may also find data gathered on the same topic give conflicting results.\u00a0This is the reality of research. When this happens, you can\u2019t just ignore the differences\u2014you\u2019ll have to do your best to explain why the differences occurred.<\/p>\n<div class=\"activity\">\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<h3><strong>Activity:<\/strong> Where to Find Data<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/library.osu.edu\/blogs\/choosingsources\/files\/2016\/07\/data.htm\">Open activity in a web browser.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>Proper Use of Data<\/h1>\n<p>Once you have your data, you can examine them and make an interpretation. Sometimes, you can do so easily. But not always.<\/p>\n<p><em>What if\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u2026you had a lot of information?<\/em> Sometimes data can be very complicated and may include thousands (or millions\u2026or billions\u2026or more!) of data points. Suppose you only have a date and the high temperature for Columbus \u2013 but you have this for 20 years\u2019 worth of days. Do you want to calculate the average highs for each month based upon 20 years\u2019 worth of data by hand or even with a calculator?<\/p>\n<p><em>\u2026you want to be able to prove a relationship?<\/em> Perhaps your theory is that social sciences students do better in a certain class than arts\/humanities or science students. You may have a huge spreadsheet of data from 20 years\u2019 worth of this course\u2019s sections and would need to use statistical methods to see if a relationship between major and course grade exist.<\/p>\n<p>You may find yourself using special software, such as Excel, SAS, and SPSS, in such situations.<\/p>\n<p>Many people may have a tendency to look for data to prove their hypothesis or idea. However, you may find that the opposite happens: the data may actually disprove your hypothesis. You should never try to manipulate data so that it gives credence to your desired outcome. While it may not be the answer you wanted to find, it is the answer that exists. You may, of course, look for other sources of data \u2013 perhaps there are multiple sources of data for the same topic with differing results. Inconclusive or conflicting findings do happen and can be the answer (even if it\u2019s not the one you wanted!).<\/p>\n<p>And, like with any other information resource, you should cite any data you use from a resource. If you found the data in a book, on a web page, or in an article, cite the data like you would those formats. If you used a database or downloaded a file, the citation style\u2019s guide\/manual should have directions for how to properly cite the data. (See <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/chapter\/citation-and-citation-styles\/\">How to Cite Sources<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<div class=\"example\">\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<h3><strong>Examples:<\/strong> Citing Data<\/h3>\n<p>Data from a research database:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>APA: Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2008). \u201cCrops Harvested\u201d, Crop Production [data file]. Data Planet, (09\/15\/2009).<\/li>\n<li>MLA: \u201cCrops Harvested\u201d, Department of Agriculture (USDA) [data file] (2008). Data Planet, (09\/15\/2009).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Data from a file found on the open Web:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>APA: Center for Health Statistics, Washington State Department of Health. (2012, November). Mortality Table D1. Age-Adjusted Rates for Leading Causes of Cancer for Residents, 2002-2011. [Microsoft Excel file]. Washington State Department of Health. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.doh.wa.gov\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.doh.wa.gov\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>MLA: Center for Health Statistics, Washington State Department of Health. Mortality Table D1. Age-Adjusted Rates for Leading Causes of Cancer for Residents, 2002-2011. Washington State Department of Health, Nov. 2012. Microsoft Excel file. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.doh.wa.gov\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.doh.wa.gov\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-561\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Choosing &amp; Using Sources: A Guide to Academic Research. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Teaching &amp; Learning, Ohio State University Libraries. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: The Ohio State University. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/osu.pb.unizin.org\/choosingsources\/\">https:\/\/osu.pb.unizin.org\/choosingsources\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Choosing & Using Sources: A Guide to Academic Research\",\"author\":\"Teaching & Learning, Ohio State University Libraries\",\"organization\":\"The Ohio State University\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/osu.pb.unizin.org\/choosingsources\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-561","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":918,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1364,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/561\/revisions\/1364"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/918"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/561\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=561"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=561"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-researchsuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}