{"id":55,"date":"2014-07-18T19:26:34","date_gmt":"2014-07-18T19:26:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/successfulwriting\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=55"},"modified":"2015-03-19T23:03:43","modified_gmt":"2015-03-19T23:03:43","slug":"5-4-pronouns","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess-2\/chapter\/5-4-pronouns\/","title":{"raw":"5.4 Pronouns","rendered":"5.4 Pronouns"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<h3>LEARNING OBJECTIVES<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Recognize subject and object pronouns.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Identify possessive pronouns.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Determine common pronoun errors.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_section\">\r\n\r\nA <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">pronoun<\/span><\/span> is a word that can be used in place of the noun. We use pronouns so we do not have to repeat words. For example, imagine writing the following sentence: Afrah put her scarf on because Afrah was cold. The sentence sounds a bit strange because <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Afrah<\/em> is named twice; however, if you use a pronoun, the sentence will be shorter and less repetitive. You might rewrite the sentence to something similar to the following: Afrah put her scarf on because she was cold<em class=\"im_emphasis\">. She<\/em> refers to Afrah, so you do not have to write the name twice.\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Types of Pronouns<\/h2>\r\n<span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Subject pronouns<\/span><\/span> are often the subject of a sentence\u2014\u201cwho\u201d and \u201cwhat\u201d the sentence is about.\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01_n01\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence: She<\/strong> loves the desserts in France.\r\n\r\n<em class=\"im_emphasis\">She<\/em> is the subject.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> By lunch time, <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">they<\/strong> were hungry.\r\n\r\n<em class=\"im_emphasis\">They<\/em> is the subject.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Object pronouns<\/span><\/span> are often the object of the verb\u2014 \u201cwho\u201d or \u201cwhat\u201d was acted upon.\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01_n02\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> Melanie\u2019s thoughtfulness touched <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">him<\/strong>.\r\n\r\n<em class=\"im_emphasis\">Him<\/em> is the object of the verb <em class=\"im_emphasis\">touched<\/em>.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> We lifted <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">it<\/strong>.\r\n\r\n<em class=\"im_emphasis\">It<\/em> is the object of the verb <em class=\"im_emphasis\">lifted<\/em>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01_n03\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block textbox shaded\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Tip<\/h3>\r\nThe masculine subject pronoun is <em class=\"im_emphasis\">he<\/em>, and the masculine object pronoun is <em class=\"im_emphasis\">him<\/em>. The feminine subject pronoun is <em class=\"im_emphasis\">she<\/em>, and the feminine object pronoun is <em class=\"im_emphasis\">her<\/em>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nA pronoun that shows possession or ownership is called a <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">possessive pronoun<\/span><\/span>.\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01_n04\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> The teacher took <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">her<\/strong> apple and left.\r\n\r\nThe pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">her<\/em> shows the teacher owns the apple.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> The hikers spotted <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">their<\/strong> guide on the trail.\r\n\r\nThe pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">their<\/em> shows the hikers follow the guide who was assigned to the hikers.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01_t01\" class=\"im_table im_block\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"im_title-prefix\">Table 5.3<\/span> Pronouns\r\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Subject Pronouns<\/td>\r\n<td>I, you, he, she, it, we, they<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Object Pronouns<\/td>\r\n<td>me, you, him, her, it, us, them<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Possessive Pronouns<\/td>\r\n<td>my (mine), your(s), his, hers, its, our(s), their(s)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01_n05\" class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\">\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3>Exercise 1<\/h3>\r\n<section id=\"self-check-questions\">On a separate sheet of paper, complete the following sentences by circling the correct pronoun.\r\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\r\n\t<li>Unfortunately, the house was too expensive for (we, us, they).<\/li>\r\n\t<li>I completed (mine, my, your) research paper, and she completed (his, hers, theirs).<\/li>\r\n\t<li>My dog Buster is old, but (he, it, them) is very playful.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>That ring belongs to my father, so it is (hers, his, theirs).<\/li>\r\n\t<li>I cannot find my textbook, so I think (they, it, he) is lost.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s02\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Common Pronoun Errors<\/h2>\r\nEnglish language learners often make the same errors when using pronouns. The following examples illustrate common errors.\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s02_n01\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Incorrect: Me<\/strong> and Daniela went to the restaurant for lunch.\r\n\r\nThis sentence is incorrect because an object pronoun (<em class=\"im_emphasis\">me<\/em>) is used instead of a subject pronoun.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Correct:<\/strong> Daniela and <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">I<\/strong> went to the restaurant for lunch.\r\n\r\nThis sentence is now correct because a subject pronoun (<em class=\"im_emphasis\">I<\/em>) is used.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s02_n02\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> Mark put her grocery bag on the counter.\r\n\r\nThis sentence is incorrect because the pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">her<\/em> refers to a female, and Mark is a male.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Correct:<\/strong> Mark put <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">his<\/strong> grocery bag on the counter.\r\n\r\nThis sentence is now correct because the male pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">his<\/em> refers to the male person, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Mark<\/em>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s02_n03\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> The woman she went to work earlier than usual.\r\n\r\nThis sentence is incorrect because the subject <em class=\"im_emphasis\">the woman<\/em> is repeated by the pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">she<\/em>.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Correct: The woman<\/strong> went to work earlier than usual.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Correct: She<\/strong> went to work earlier than usual.\r\n\r\nThese sentences are now correct because the unnecessary repeated subject has been removed.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s02_n04\" class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\">\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3>Exercise 2<\/h3>\r\n<section id=\"self-check-questions\">On a separate sheet of paper, correct the following sentences that have pronoun errors. If the sentence is correct as it is, write <em class=\"im_emphasis\">OK<\/em>.\r\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s02_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\r\n\t<li>Us are going to the county fair this weekend.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Steven did not want to see a movie because she had a headache.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The teacher congratulated Maria and me.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The eighth grade students they were all behaving mysteriously well.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Derrick and he received the best grade on the grammar test.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Relative Pronouns<\/h2>\r\nA <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">relative pronoun<\/span><\/span> is a type of pronoun that helps connect details to the subject of the sentence and may often combine two shorter sentences. The relative pronouns are <em class=\"im_emphasis\">who<\/em>, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em>, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whose<\/em>, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">which<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">that<\/em>.\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_n01\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> A relative pronoun is a type of pronoun.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe subject of this sentence is <em class=\"im_emphasis\">a relative pronoun<\/em>. The clause <em class=\"im_emphasis\">is a type of pronoun<\/em> gives some information about the subject.\r\n\r\nThe relative pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">that<\/em> may be added to give more details to the subject.\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_n02\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence using a relative pronoun:<\/strong> A relative pronoun is a type of pronoun <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">that<\/strong> helps connect details to the subject of the sentence.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_n03\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block textbox shaded\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Tip<\/h3>\r\nRemember the following uses of relative pronouns:\r\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\r\n\t<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Who<\/em>, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em>, and <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whose<\/em> refer only to people.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Which<\/em> refers to things.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">That<\/em> refers to people or things.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe following examples show how a relative pronoun may be used to connect two sentences and to connect details to the subject.\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_n04\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence 1:<\/strong> Gossip is a form of communication.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence 2:<\/strong> It is a waste of time and energy.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Combination of 1 and 2:<\/strong> Gossip is a form of communication <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">that<\/strong> is a waste of time and energy.\r\n\r\nNotice how the relative pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">that<\/em> replaces the subject <em class=\"im_emphasis\">it<\/em> in sentence 2.\r\n\r\n<em class=\"im_emphasis\">That<\/em> is called a relative pronoun because it connects the details (<em class=\"im_emphasis\">is a waste of time and energy<\/em>) to the subject (<em class=\"im_emphasis\">Gossip<\/em>).\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence 1:<\/strong> My grandmother is eighty years old.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence 2:<\/strong> She collects seashells.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Combination of 1 and 2:<\/strong> My grandmother, <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">who<\/strong> is eighty years old, collects seashells.\r\n\r\nNotice how the relative pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">who<\/em> replaces the subject <em class=\"im_emphasis\">she<\/em> in sentence 2.\r\n\r\n<em class=\"im_emphasis\">Who<\/em> is called a relative pronoun because it connects the details (<em class=\"im_emphasis\">is eighty years old<\/em>) to the subject (<em class=\"im_emphasis\">My grandmother<\/em>).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_n05\" class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\">\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3>Exercise 3<\/h3>\r\n<section id=\"self-check-questions\">On a separate sheet of paper, complete the following sentences by selecting the correct relative pronoun.\r\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_l02\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\r\n\t<li>He showed me a photo (who, that) upset me.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Soccer is a fast moving game (who, that) has many fans worldwide.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Juan is a man (which, who) has high standards for everything.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Jamaica is a beautiful country (that, who) I would like to visit next year.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>My mother only eats bananas (who, that) are green.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\"><\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3>Exercise 4<\/h3>\r\n<section id=\"self-check-questions\">On a separate sheet of paper, combine the two sentences into one sentence using a relative pronoun.\r\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_l03\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\r\n\t<li>Jeff is a dependable person. He will never let you down.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>I rode a roller coaster. It was scary.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>At the beach, I always dig my feet into the sand. It protects them from the hot sun.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Jackie is trying not to use so many plastic products. They are not good for the environment.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>My Aunt Sherry is teaching me how to drive. She has never been in accident or gotten a ticket.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\"><\/h3>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_n07\" class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\">\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\"><section id=\"glossary\">\r\n<h3>Key Takeaways<\/h3>\r\n<div data-type=\"definition\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>A pronoun is used in place of a noun.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>There are several types of pronouns, including subject and object pronouns, possessive pronouns, and relative pronouns.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Subject pronouns are the \u201cwho\u201d and \u201cwhat\u201d the sentence is about.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Object pronouns are the \u201cwho\u201d and \u201cwhat\u201d that receives the action.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>A possessive pronoun is a pronoun showing ownership.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Common pronoun errors include mixing up subject, object, and gender pronouns, and repeating the subject of a sentence with a pronoun.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Relative pronouns help combine two separate sentences.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_n08\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Writing Application<\/h3>\r\nProofread a piece of your writing for the types of pronoun errors discussed in this section. Correct any errors you come across.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<h3>LEARNING OBJECTIVES<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Recognize subject and object pronouns.<\/li>\n<li>Identify possessive pronouns.<\/li>\n<li>Determine common pronoun errors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_section\">\n<p>A <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">pronoun<\/span><\/span> is a word that can be used in place of the noun. We use pronouns so we do not have to repeat words. For example, imagine writing the following sentence: Afrah put her scarf on because Afrah was cold. The sentence sounds a bit strange because <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Afrah<\/em> is named twice; however, if you use a pronoun, the sentence will be shorter and less repetitive. You might rewrite the sentence to something similar to the following: Afrah put her scarf on because she was cold<em class=\"im_emphasis\">. She<\/em> refers to Afrah, so you do not have to write the name twice.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Types of Pronouns<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Subject pronouns<\/span><\/span> are often the subject of a sentence\u2014\u201cwho\u201d and \u201cwhat\u201d the sentence is about.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01_n01\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence: She<\/strong> loves the desserts in France.<\/p>\n<p><em class=\"im_emphasis\">She<\/em> is the subject.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> By lunch time, <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">they<\/strong> were hungry.<\/p>\n<p><em class=\"im_emphasis\">They<\/em> is the subject.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Object pronouns<\/span><\/span> are often the object of the verb\u2014 \u201cwho\u201d or \u201cwhat\u201d was acted upon.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01_n02\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> Melanie\u2019s thoughtfulness touched <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">him<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Him<\/em> is the object of the verb <em class=\"im_emphasis\">touched<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> We lifted <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">it<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><em class=\"im_emphasis\">It<\/em> is the object of the verb <em class=\"im_emphasis\">lifted<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01_n03\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block textbox shaded\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Tip<\/h3>\n<p>The masculine subject pronoun is <em class=\"im_emphasis\">he<\/em>, and the masculine object pronoun is <em class=\"im_emphasis\">him<\/em>. The feminine subject pronoun is <em class=\"im_emphasis\">she<\/em>, and the feminine object pronoun is <em class=\"im_emphasis\">her<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>A pronoun that shows possession or ownership is called a <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">possessive pronoun<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01_n04\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> The teacher took <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">her<\/strong> apple and left.<\/p>\n<p>The pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">her<\/em> shows the teacher owns the apple.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> The hikers spotted <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">their<\/strong> guide on the trail.<\/p>\n<p>The pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">their<\/em> shows the hikers follow the guide who was assigned to the hikers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01_t01\" class=\"im_table im_block\">\n<p><span class=\"im_title-prefix\">Table 5.3<\/span> Pronouns<\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-spacing: 0px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Subject Pronouns<\/td>\n<td>I, you, he, she, it, we, they<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Object Pronouns<\/td>\n<td>me, you, him, her, it, us, them<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Possessive Pronouns<\/td>\n<td>my (mine), your(s), his, hers, its, our(s), their(s)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01_n05\" class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\">\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>Exercise 1<\/h3>\n<section id=\"self-check-questions\">On a separate sheet of paper, complete the following sentences by circling the correct pronoun.<\/p>\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s01_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\n<li>Unfortunately, the house was too expensive for (we, us, they).<\/li>\n<li>I completed (mine, my, your) research paper, and she completed (his, hers, theirs).<\/li>\n<li>My dog Buster is old, but (he, it, them) is very playful.<\/li>\n<li>That ring belongs to my father, so it is (hers, his, theirs).<\/li>\n<li>I cannot find my textbook, so I think (they, it, he) is lost.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s02\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Common Pronoun Errors<\/h2>\n<p>English language learners often make the same errors when using pronouns. The following examples illustrate common errors.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s02_n01\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Incorrect: Me<\/strong> and Daniela went to the restaurant for lunch.<\/p>\n<p>This sentence is incorrect because an object pronoun (<em class=\"im_emphasis\">me<\/em>) is used instead of a subject pronoun.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Correct:<\/strong> Daniela and <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">I<\/strong> went to the restaurant for lunch.<\/p>\n<p>This sentence is now correct because a subject pronoun (<em class=\"im_emphasis\">I<\/em>) is used.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s02_n02\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> Mark put her grocery bag on the counter.<\/p>\n<p>This sentence is incorrect because the pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">her<\/em> refers to a female, and Mark is a male.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Correct:<\/strong> Mark put <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">his<\/strong> grocery bag on the counter.<\/p>\n<p>This sentence is now correct because the male pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">his<\/em> refers to the male person, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Mark<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s02_n03\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> The woman she went to work earlier than usual.<\/p>\n<p>This sentence is incorrect because the subject <em class=\"im_emphasis\">the woman<\/em> is repeated by the pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">she<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Correct: The woman<\/strong> went to work earlier than usual.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Correct: She<\/strong> went to work earlier than usual.<\/p>\n<p>These sentences are now correct because the unnecessary repeated subject has been removed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s02_n04\" class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\">\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>Exercise 2<\/h3>\n<section id=\"self-check-questions\">On a separate sheet of paper, correct the following sentences that have pronoun errors. If the sentence is correct as it is, write <em class=\"im_emphasis\">OK<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s02_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\n<li>Us are going to the county fair this weekend.<\/li>\n<li>Steven did not want to see a movie because she had a headache.<\/li>\n<li>The teacher congratulated Maria and me.<\/li>\n<li>The eighth grade students they were all behaving mysteriously well.<\/li>\n<li>Derrick and he received the best grade on the grammar test.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Relative Pronouns<\/h2>\n<p>A <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">relative pronoun<\/span><\/span> is a type of pronoun that helps connect details to the subject of the sentence and may often combine two shorter sentences. The relative pronouns are <em class=\"im_emphasis\">who<\/em>, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em>, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whose<\/em>, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">which<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">that<\/em>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_n01\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> A relative pronoun is a type of pronoun.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The subject of this sentence is <em class=\"im_emphasis\">a relative pronoun<\/em>. The clause <em class=\"im_emphasis\">is a type of pronoun<\/em> gives some information about the subject.<\/p>\n<p>The relative pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">that<\/em> may be added to give more details to the subject.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_n02\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence using a relative pronoun:<\/strong> A relative pronoun is a type of pronoun <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">that<\/strong> helps connect details to the subject of the sentence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_n03\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block textbox shaded\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Tip<\/h3>\n<p>Remember the following uses of relative pronouns:<\/p>\n<ul id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\n<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Who<\/em>, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em>, and <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whose<\/em> refer only to people.<\/li>\n<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Which<\/em> refers to things.<\/li>\n<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">That<\/em> refers to people or things.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>The following examples show how a relative pronoun may be used to connect two sentences and to connect details to the subject.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_n04\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence 1:<\/strong> Gossip is a form of communication.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence 2:<\/strong> It is a waste of time and energy.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Combination of 1 and 2:<\/strong> Gossip is a form of communication <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">that<\/strong> is a waste of time and energy.<\/p>\n<p>Notice how the relative pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">that<\/em> replaces the subject <em class=\"im_emphasis\">it<\/em> in sentence 2.<\/p>\n<p><em class=\"im_emphasis\">That<\/em> is called a relative pronoun because it connects the details (<em class=\"im_emphasis\">is a waste of time and energy<\/em>) to the subject (<em class=\"im_emphasis\">Gossip<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence 1:<\/strong> My grandmother is eighty years old.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence 2:<\/strong> She collects seashells.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Combination of 1 and 2:<\/strong> My grandmother, <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">who<\/strong> is eighty years old, collects seashells.<\/p>\n<p>Notice how the relative pronoun <em class=\"im_emphasis\">who<\/em> replaces the subject <em class=\"im_emphasis\">she<\/em> in sentence 2.<\/p>\n<p><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Who<\/em> is called a relative pronoun because it connects the details (<em class=\"im_emphasis\">is eighty years old<\/em>) to the subject (<em class=\"im_emphasis\">My grandmother<\/em>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_n05\" class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\">\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>Exercise 3<\/h3>\n<section id=\"self-check-questions\">On a separate sheet of paper, complete the following sentences by selecting the correct relative pronoun.<\/p>\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_l02\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\n<li>He showed me a photo (who, that) upset me.<\/li>\n<li>Soccer is a fast moving game (who, that) has many fans worldwide.<\/li>\n<li>Juan is a man (which, who) has high standards for everything.<\/li>\n<li>Jamaica is a beautiful country (that, who) I would like to visit next year.<\/li>\n<li>My mother only eats bananas (who, that) are green.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"im_title\"><\/h3>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>Exercise 4<\/h3>\n<section id=\"self-check-questions\">On a separate sheet of paper, combine the two sentences into one sentence using a relative pronoun.<\/p>\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_l03\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\n<li>Jeff is a dependable person. He will never let you down.<\/li>\n<li>I rode a roller coaster. It was scary.<\/li>\n<li>At the beach, I always dig my feet into the sand. It protects them from the hot sun.<\/li>\n<li>Jackie is trying not to use so many plastic products. They are not good for the environment.<\/li>\n<li>My Aunt Sherry is teaching me how to drive. She has never been in accident or gotten a ticket.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"im_title\"><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_n07\" class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\">\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\">\n<section id=\"glossary\">\n<h3>Key Takeaways<\/h3>\n<div data-type=\"definition\">\n<ul>\n<li>A pronoun is used in place of a noun.<\/li>\n<li>There are several types of pronouns, including subject and object pronouns, possessive pronouns, and relative pronouns.<\/li>\n<li>Subject pronouns are the \u201cwho\u201d and \u201cwhat\u201d the sentence is about.<\/li>\n<li>Object pronouns are the \u201cwho\u201d and \u201cwhat\u201d that receives the action.<\/li>\n<li>A possessive pronoun is a pronoun showing ownership.<\/li>\n<li>Common pronoun errors include mixing up subject, object, and gender pronouns, and repeating the subject of a sentence with a pronoun.<\/li>\n<li>Relative pronouns help combine two separate sentences.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s04_s03_n08\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Writing Application<\/h3>\n<p>Proofread a piece of your writing for the types of pronoun errors discussed in this section. Correct any errors you come across.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-55\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Successful Writing. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/successful-writing\/\">http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/successful-writing\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":5,"menu_order":37,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Successful Writing\",\"author\":\"Anonymous\",\"organization\":\"Anonymous\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/successful-writing\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-55","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":241,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/55","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/55\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":410,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/55\/revisions\/410"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/241"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/55\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess-2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=55"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=55"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess-2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=55"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}