{"id":29,"date":"2014-07-18T19:26:32","date_gmt":"2014-07-18T19:26:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/successfulwriting\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=29"},"modified":"2014-07-19T04:41:46","modified_gmt":"2014-07-19T04:41:46","slug":"2-5-pronouns","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess\/chapter\/2-5-pronouns\/","title":{"raw":"2.5 Pronouns","rendered":"2.5 Pronouns"},"content":{"raw":"&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\"><span class=\"im_title-prefix\">2.5<\/span> Pronouns<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"im_learning_objectives im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_n01\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_l01\">\r\n\t<li>Identify pronouns and their antecedents.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Use pronouns and their antecedents correctly.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\nIf there were no pronouns, all types of writing would be quite tedious to read. We would soon be frustrated by reading sentences like <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Bob said that Bob was tired<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Christina told the class that Christina received an A.<\/em> Pronouns help a writer avoid constant repetition. Knowing just how pronouns work is an important aspect of clear and concise writing.\r\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Pronoun Agreement<\/h2>\r\nA <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">pronoun<\/span><\/span> is a word that takes the place of (or refers back to) a noun or another pronoun. The word or words a pronoun refers to is called the <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">antecedent<\/span><\/span> of the pronoun.\r\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_l01\">\r\n\t<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Lani<\/em> complained that <em class=\"im_emphasis\">she<\/em> was exhausted.\r\n<ul class=\"im_itemizedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_l02\">\r\n\t<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">She<\/em> refers to <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Lani<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Lani<\/em> is the antecedent of <em class=\"im_emphasis\">she<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Jeremy<\/em> left the party early, so I did not see <em class=\"im_emphasis\">him<\/em> until Monday at work.\r\n<ul class=\"im_itemizedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_l03\">\r\n\t<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Him<\/em> refers to Jeremy.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Jeremy<\/em> is the antecedent of <em class=\"im_emphasis\">him<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Crina and Rosalie<\/em> have been best friends ever since <em class=\"im_emphasis\">they<\/em> were freshman in high school.\r\n<ul class=\"im_itemizedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_l04\">\r\n\t<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">They<\/em> refers to <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Crina and Rosalie<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Crina and Rosalie<\/em> is the antecedent of <em class=\"im_emphasis\">they<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Pronoun agreement<\/span><\/span> errors occur when the pronoun and the antecedent do not match or agree with each other. There are several types of pronoun agreement.\r\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_s01\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Agreement in Number<\/h2>\r\nIf the pronoun takes the place of or refers to a singular noun, the pronoun must also be singular.\r\n<div class=\"im_informalfigure im_large im_block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/section_06\/93c6da4e9c73c353cc547a35da30c28a.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/images\/sm_93c6da4e9c73c353cc547a35da30c28a.jpg#fixme\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_s02\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Agreement in Person<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"im_informaltable im_block\">\r\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th><\/th>\r\n<th colspan=\"3\">Singular Pronouns<\/th>\r\n<th colspan=\"3\">Plural Pronouns<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">First Person<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>I<\/td>\r\n<td>me<\/td>\r\n<td>my (mine)<\/td>\r\n<td>we<\/td>\r\n<td>us<\/td>\r\n<td>our (ours)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Second Person<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>you<\/td>\r\n<td>you<\/td>\r\n<td>your (yours)<\/td>\r\n<td>you<\/td>\r\n<td>you<\/td>\r\n<td>your (your)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Third Person<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>he, she, it<\/td>\r\n<td>him, her, it<\/td>\r\n<td>his, her, its<\/td>\r\n<td>they<\/td>\r\n<td>them<\/td>\r\n<td>their (theirs)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nIf you use a consistent person, your reader is less likely to be confused.\r\n<div class=\"im_informalfigure im_large im_block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/section_06\/cee0a1513acf485f66bf35298da43497.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/images\/sm_cee0a1513acf485f66bf35298da43497.jpg#fixme\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_exercises im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_s02_n01\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercise 1<\/h3>\r\nEdit the following paragraph by correcting pronoun agreement errors in number and person.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOver spring break I visited my older cousin, Diana, and they took me to a butterfly exhibit at a museum. Diana and I have been close ever since she was young. Our mothers are twin sisters, and she is inseparable! Diana knows how much I love butterflies, so it was their special present to me. I have a soft spot for caterpillars too. I love them because something about the way it transforms is so interesting to me. One summer my grandmother gave me a butterfly growing kit, and you got to see the entire life cycle of five Painted Lady butterflies. I even got to set it free. So when my cousin said they wanted to take me to the butterfly exhibit, I was really excited!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_s03\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Indefinite Pronouns and Agreement<\/h2>\r\n<span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Indefinite pronouns<\/span><\/span> do not refer to a specific person or thing and are usually singular. Note that a pronoun that refers to an indefinite singular pronoun should also be singular. The following are some common indefinite pronouns.\r\n<div class=\"im_informaltable im_block\">\r\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th colspan=\"5\">Common Indefinite Pronouns<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>all<\/td>\r\n<td>each one<\/td>\r\n<td>few<\/td>\r\n<td>nothing<\/td>\r\n<td>several<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>any<\/td>\r\n<td>each other<\/td>\r\n<td>many<\/td>\r\n<td>one<\/td>\r\n<td>some<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>anybody<\/td>\r\n<td>either<\/td>\r\n<td>neither<\/td>\r\n<td>one another<\/td>\r\n<td>somebody<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>anything<\/td>\r\n<td>everybody<\/td>\r\n<td>nobody<\/td>\r\n<td>oneself<\/td>\r\n<td>someone<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>both<\/td>\r\n<td>everyone<\/td>\r\n<td>none<\/td>\r\n<td>other<\/td>\r\n<td>something<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>each<\/td>\r\n<td>everything<\/td>\r\n<td>no one<\/td>\r\n<td>others<\/td>\r\n<td>anyone<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_informalfigure im_large im_block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/section_06\/a143cef0f6c99c2f98e1c4c80425c418.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/images\/sm_a143cef0f6c99c2f98e1c4c80425c418.jpg#fixme\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_s04\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Collective Nouns<\/h2>\r\n<span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Collective nouns<\/span><\/span> suggest more than one person but are usually considered singular. Look over the following examples of collective nouns.\r\n<div class=\"im_informaltable im_block\">\r\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th colspan=\"3\">Common Collective Nouns<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>audience<\/td>\r\n<td>faculty<\/td>\r\n<td>public<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>band<\/td>\r\n<td>family<\/td>\r\n<td>school<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>class<\/td>\r\n<td>government<\/td>\r\n<td>society<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>committee<\/td>\r\n<td>group<\/td>\r\n<td>team<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>company<\/td>\r\n<td>jury<\/td>\r\n<td>tribe<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_informalfigure im_large im_block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/section_06\/274bb3787bfd19ca43c0b723a45012db.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/images\/sm_274bb3787bfd19ca43c0b723a45012db.jpg#fixme\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_s04_n01\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercise 2<\/h3>\r\nComplete the following sentences by selecting the correct pronoun. Copy the completed sentence onto your own sheet of paper. Then circle the noun the pronoun replaces.\r\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_s04_l01\">\r\n\t<li>In the current economy, nobody wants to waste ________ money on frivolous things.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>If anybody chooses to go to medical school, ________ must be prepared to work long hours.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The plumbing crew did ________ best to repair the broken pipes before the next ice storm.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>If someone is rude to you, try giving ________ a smile in return.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>My family has ________ faults, but I still love them no matter what.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The school of education plans to train ________ students to be literacy tutors.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The commencement speaker said that each student has a responsibility toward ________.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>My mother\u2019s singing group has ________ rehearsals on Thursday evenings.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>No one should suffer ________ pains alone.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>I thought the flock of birds lost ________ way in the storm.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Subject and Object Pronouns<\/h2>\r\n<span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Subject pronouns<\/span><\/span> function as subjects in a sentence. <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Object pronouns<\/span><\/span> function as the object of a verb or of a preposition.\r\n<div class=\"im_informaltable im_block\">\r\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th colspan=\"2\">Singular Pronouns<\/th>\r\n<th colspan=\"2\">Plural Pronouns<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Subject<\/th>\r\n<th>Object<\/th>\r\n<th>Subject<\/th>\r\n<th>Object<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>I<\/td>\r\n<td>me<\/td>\r\n<td>we<\/td>\r\n<td>us<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>you<\/td>\r\n<td>you<\/td>\r\n<td>you<\/td>\r\n<td>you<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>he, she, it<\/td>\r\n<td>him, her, it<\/td>\r\n<td>they<\/td>\r\n<td>them<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe following sentences show pronouns as subjects:\r\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_l01\">\r\n\t<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">She<\/em> loves the Blue Ridge Mountains in the fall.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Every summer, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">they<\/em> picked up litter from national parks.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nThe following sentences show pronouns as objects:\r\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_l02\">\r\n\t<li>Marie leaned over and kissed <em class=\"im_emphasis\">him<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Jane moved <em class=\"im_emphasis\">it<\/em> to the corner.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_n01\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Tip<\/h3>\r\nNote that a pronoun can also be the object of a preposition.\r\n\r\nNear <em class=\"im_emphasis\">them<\/em>, the children played.\r\n\r\nMy mother stood between <em class=\"im_emphasis\">us<\/em>.\r\n\r\nThe pronouns <em class=\"im_emphasis\">us<\/em> and <em class=\"im_emphasis\">them<\/em> are objects of the prepositions <em class=\"im_emphasis\">near<\/em> and <em class=\"im_emphasis\">between<\/em>. They answer the questions <em class=\"im_emphasis\">near<\/em> whom? And <em class=\"im_emphasis\">between<\/em> whom?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Compound subject pronouns<\/span><\/span> are two or more pronouns joined by a conjunction or a preposition that function as the subject of the sentence.\r\n\r\nThe following sentences show pronouns with compound subjects:\r\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_n02\">\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Me and Harriet<\/em> visited the Grand Canyon last summer.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Correct:<\/strong> <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Harriet and I<\/em> visited the Grand Canyon last summer.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Correct:<\/strong> Jenna accompanied <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Harriet and me<\/em> on our trip.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_n03\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Tip<\/h3>\r\nNote that object pronouns are never used in the subject position. One way to remember this rule is to remove the other subject in a compound subject, leave only the pronoun, and see whether the sentence makes sense. For example, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Me visited the Grand Canyon last summer<\/em> sounds immediately incorrect.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Compound object pronouns<\/span><\/span> are two or more pronouns joined by a conjunction or a preposition that function as the object of the sentence.\r\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_n04\">\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> I have a good feeling about <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Janice and I<\/em>.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Correct:<\/strong> I have a good feeling about <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Janice and me<\/em>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_n05\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Tip<\/h3>\r\nIt is correct to write <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Janice and me<\/em>, as opposed to <em class=\"im_emphasis\">me and Janice<\/em>. Just remember it is more polite to refer to yourself last.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_n06\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Writing at Work<\/h3>\r\nIn casual conversation, people sometimes mix up subject and object pronouns. For instance, you might say, \u201cMe and Donnie went to a movie last night.\u201d However, when you are writing or speaking at work or in any other formal situation, you need to remember the distinctions between subject and object pronouns and be able to correct yourself. These subtle grammar corrections will enhance your professional image and reputation.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_n07\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercise 3<\/h3>\r\nRevise the following sentences in which the subject and object pronouns are used incorrectly. Copy the revised sentence onto your own sheet of paper. Write a C for each sentence that is correct.\r\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_l03\">\r\n\t<li>Meera and me enjoy doing yoga together on Sundays.\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________<\/li>\r\n\t<li>She and him have decided to sell their house.\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Between you and I, I do not think Jeffrey will win the election.\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Us and our friends have game night the first Thursday of every month.\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________<\/li>\r\n\t<li>They and I met while on vacation in Mexico.\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Napping on the beach never gets boring for Alice and I.\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________<\/li>\r\n\t<li>New Year\u2019s Eve is not a good time for she and I to have a serious talk.\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________<\/li>\r\n\t<li>You exercise much more often than me.\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________<\/li>\r\n\t<li>I am going to the comedy club with Yolanda and she.\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The cooking instructor taught her and me a lot.\r\n\r\n________________________________________________________________<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\"><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Who<\/em> versus <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Whom<\/em><\/h2>\r\n<em class=\"im_emphasis\">Who<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whoever<\/em> is always the subject of a verb. Use <em class=\"im_emphasis\">who<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whoever<\/em> when the pronoun performs the action indicated by the verb.\r\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_n01\">\r\n\r\n<em class=\"im_emphasis\">Who<\/em> won the marathon last Tuesday?\r\n\r\nI wonder <em class=\"im_emphasis\">who<\/em> came up with that terrible idea!\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nOn the other hand, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em> and <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whomever<\/em> serve as objects. They are used when the pronoun does <em class=\"im_emphasis\">not<\/em> perform an action. Use <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whomever<\/em> when the pronoun is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.\r\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_n02\">\r\n\r\n<em class=\"im_emphasis\">Whom<\/em> did Frank marry the third time? (direct object of verb)\r\n\r\nFrom <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em> did you buy that old record player? (object of preposition)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_n03\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Tip<\/h3>\r\nIf you are having trouble deciding when to use <em class=\"im_emphasis\">who<\/em> and <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em>, try this trick. Take the following sentence:\r\n\r\n<em class=\"im_emphasis\">Who\/Whom<\/em> do I consider my best friend?\r\n\r\nReorder the sentence in your head, using either <em class=\"im_emphasis\">he<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">him<\/em> in place of <em class=\"im_emphasis\">who<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em>.\r\n\r\nI consider <em class=\"im_emphasis\">him<\/em> my best friend.\r\n\r\nI consider <em class=\"im_emphasis\">he<\/em> my best friend.\r\n\r\nWhich sentence sounds better? The first one, of course. So the trick is, if you can use <em class=\"im_emphasis\">him<\/em>, you should use <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_n04\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercise 4<\/h3>\r\nComplete the following sentences by adding <em class=\"im_emphasis\">who<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em>. Copy the completed sentence onto your own sheet of paper.\r\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_l01\">\r\n\t<li>________ hit the home run?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>I remember ________ won the Academy Award for Best Actor last year.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>To ________ is the letter addressed?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>I have no idea ________ left the iron on, but I am going to find out.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>________ are you going to recommend for the internship?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>With ________ are you going to Hawaii?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>No one knew ________ the famous actor was.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>________ in the office knows how to fix the copy machine?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>From ________ did you get the concert tickets?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>No one knew ________ ate the cake mom was saving.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_n05\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\r\n<ul class=\"im_itemizedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_l02\">\r\n\t<li>Pronouns and their antecedents need to agree in number and person.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Most indefinite pronouns are singular.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Collective nouns are usually singular.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Pronouns can function as subjects or objects.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Subject pronouns are never used as objects, and object pronouns are never used as subjects.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Who<\/em> serves as a subject of a verb.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Whom<\/em> serves as an object of a sentence or the object of a preposition.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_n06\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Writing Application<\/h3>\r\nWrite about what makes an ideal marriage or long-term relationship. Provide specific details to back up your assertions. After you have written a few paragraphs, go back and proofread your paper for correct pronoun usage.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\"><span class=\"im_title-prefix\">2.5<\/span> Pronouns<\/h2>\n<div class=\"im_learning_objectives im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_n01\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_l01\">\n<li>Identify pronouns and their antecedents.<\/li>\n<li>Use pronouns and their antecedents correctly.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>If there were no pronouns, all types of writing would be quite tedious to read. We would soon be frustrated by reading sentences like <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Bob said that Bob was tired<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Christina told the class that Christina received an A.<\/em> Pronouns help a writer avoid constant repetition. Knowing just how pronouns work is an important aspect of clear and concise writing.<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Pronoun Agreement<\/h2>\n<p>A <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">pronoun<\/span><\/span> is a word that takes the place of (or refers back to) a noun or another pronoun. The word or words a pronoun refers to is called the <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">antecedent<\/span><\/span> of the pronoun.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_l01\">\n<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Lani<\/em> complained that <em class=\"im_emphasis\">she<\/em> was exhausted.\n<ul class=\"im_itemizedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_l02\">\n<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">She<\/em> refers to <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Lani<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Lani<\/em> is the antecedent of <em class=\"im_emphasis\">she<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Jeremy<\/em> left the party early, so I did not see <em class=\"im_emphasis\">him<\/em> until Monday at work.\n<ul class=\"im_itemizedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_l03\">\n<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Him<\/em> refers to Jeremy.<\/li>\n<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Jeremy<\/em> is the antecedent of <em class=\"im_emphasis\">him<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Crina and Rosalie<\/em> have been best friends ever since <em class=\"im_emphasis\">they<\/em> were freshman in high school.\n<ul class=\"im_itemizedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_l04\">\n<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">They<\/em> refers to <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Crina and Rosalie<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Crina and Rosalie<\/em> is the antecedent of <em class=\"im_emphasis\">they<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Pronoun agreement<\/span><\/span> errors occur when the pronoun and the antecedent do not match or agree with each other. There are several types of pronoun agreement.<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_s01\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Agreement in Number<\/h2>\n<p>If the pronoun takes the place of or refers to a singular noun, the pronoun must also be singular.<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_informalfigure im_large im_block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/section_06\/93c6da4e9c73c353cc547a35da30c28a.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/images\/sm_93c6da4e9c73c353cc547a35da30c28a.jpg#fixme\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_s02\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Agreement in Person<\/h2>\n<div class=\"im_informaltable im_block\">\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-spacing: 0px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Singular Pronouns<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Plural Pronouns<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">First Person<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>I<\/td>\n<td>me<\/td>\n<td>my (mine)<\/td>\n<td>we<\/td>\n<td>us<\/td>\n<td>our (ours)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Second Person<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>you<\/td>\n<td>you<\/td>\n<td>your (yours)<\/td>\n<td>you<\/td>\n<td>you<\/td>\n<td>your (your)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Third Person<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>he, she, it<\/td>\n<td>him, her, it<\/td>\n<td>his, her, its<\/td>\n<td>they<\/td>\n<td>them<\/td>\n<td>their (theirs)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>If you use a consistent person, your reader is less likely to be confused.<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_informalfigure im_large im_block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/section_06\/cee0a1513acf485f66bf35298da43497.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/images\/sm_cee0a1513acf485f66bf35298da43497.jpg#fixme\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"im_exercises im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_s02_n01\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercise 1<\/h3>\n<p>Edit the following paragraph by correcting pronoun agreement errors in number and person.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Over spring break I visited my older cousin, Diana, and they took me to a butterfly exhibit at a museum. Diana and I have been close ever since she was young. Our mothers are twin sisters, and she is inseparable! Diana knows how much I love butterflies, so it was their special present to me. I have a soft spot for caterpillars too. I love them because something about the way it transforms is so interesting to me. One summer my grandmother gave me a butterfly growing kit, and you got to see the entire life cycle of five Painted Lady butterflies. I even got to set it free. So when my cousin said they wanted to take me to the butterfly exhibit, I was really excited!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_s03\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Indefinite Pronouns and Agreement<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Indefinite pronouns<\/span><\/span> do not refer to a specific person or thing and are usually singular. Note that a pronoun that refers to an indefinite singular pronoun should also be singular. The following are some common indefinite pronouns.<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_informaltable im_block\">\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-spacing: 0px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"5\">Common Indefinite Pronouns<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>all<\/td>\n<td>each one<\/td>\n<td>few<\/td>\n<td>nothing<\/td>\n<td>several<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>any<\/td>\n<td>each other<\/td>\n<td>many<\/td>\n<td>one<\/td>\n<td>some<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>anybody<\/td>\n<td>either<\/td>\n<td>neither<\/td>\n<td>one another<\/td>\n<td>somebody<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>anything<\/td>\n<td>everybody<\/td>\n<td>nobody<\/td>\n<td>oneself<\/td>\n<td>someone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>both<\/td>\n<td>everyone<\/td>\n<td>none<\/td>\n<td>other<\/td>\n<td>something<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>each<\/td>\n<td>everything<\/td>\n<td>no one<\/td>\n<td>others<\/td>\n<td>anyone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_informalfigure im_large im_block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/section_06\/a143cef0f6c99c2f98e1c4c80425c418.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/images\/sm_a143cef0f6c99c2f98e1c4c80425c418.jpg#fixme\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_s04\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Collective Nouns<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Collective nouns<\/span><\/span> suggest more than one person but are usually considered singular. Look over the following examples of collective nouns.<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_informaltable im_block\">\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-spacing: 0px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Common Collective Nouns<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>audience<\/td>\n<td>faculty<\/td>\n<td>public<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>band<\/td>\n<td>family<\/td>\n<td>school<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>class<\/td>\n<td>government<\/td>\n<td>society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>committee<\/td>\n<td>group<\/td>\n<td>team<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>company<\/td>\n<td>jury<\/td>\n<td>tribe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_informalfigure im_large im_block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/section_06\/274bb3787bfd19ca43c0b723a45012db.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/successfulwriting\/images\/sm_274bb3787bfd19ca43c0b723a45012db.jpg#fixme\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_s04_n01\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercise 2<\/h3>\n<p>Complete the following sentences by selecting the correct pronoun. Copy the completed sentence onto your own sheet of paper. Then circle the noun the pronoun replaces.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s01_s04_l01\">\n<li>In the current economy, nobody wants to waste ________ money on frivolous things.<\/li>\n<li>If anybody chooses to go to medical school, ________ must be prepared to work long hours.<\/li>\n<li>The plumbing crew did ________ best to repair the broken pipes before the next ice storm.<\/li>\n<li>If someone is rude to you, try giving ________ a smile in return.<\/li>\n<li>My family has ________ faults, but I still love them no matter what.<\/li>\n<li>The school of education plans to train ________ students to be literacy tutors.<\/li>\n<li>The commencement speaker said that each student has a responsibility toward ________.<\/li>\n<li>My mother\u2019s singing group has ________ rehearsals on Thursday evenings.<\/li>\n<li>No one should suffer ________ pains alone.<\/li>\n<li>I thought the flock of birds lost ________ way in the storm.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Subject and Object Pronouns<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Subject pronouns<\/span><\/span> function as subjects in a sentence. <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Object pronouns<\/span><\/span> function as the object of a verb or of a preposition.<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_informaltable im_block\">\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-spacing: 0px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Singular Pronouns<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Plural Pronouns<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Subject<\/th>\n<th>Object<\/th>\n<th>Subject<\/th>\n<th>Object<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>I<\/td>\n<td>me<\/td>\n<td>we<\/td>\n<td>us<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>you<\/td>\n<td>you<\/td>\n<td>you<\/td>\n<td>you<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>he, she, it<\/td>\n<td>him, her, it<\/td>\n<td>they<\/td>\n<td>them<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>The following sentences show pronouns as subjects:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_l01\">\n<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">She<\/em> loves the Blue Ridge Mountains in the fall.<\/li>\n<li>Every summer, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">they<\/em> picked up litter from national parks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The following sentences show pronouns as objects:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_l02\">\n<li>Marie leaned over and kissed <em class=\"im_emphasis\">him<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Jane moved <em class=\"im_emphasis\">it<\/em> to the corner.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_n01\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Tip<\/h3>\n<p>Note that a pronoun can also be the object of a preposition.<\/p>\n<p>Near <em class=\"im_emphasis\">them<\/em>, the children played.<\/p>\n<p>My mother stood between <em class=\"im_emphasis\">us<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The pronouns <em class=\"im_emphasis\">us<\/em> and <em class=\"im_emphasis\">them<\/em> are objects of the prepositions <em class=\"im_emphasis\">near<\/em> and <em class=\"im_emphasis\">between<\/em>. They answer the questions <em class=\"im_emphasis\">near<\/em> whom? And <em class=\"im_emphasis\">between<\/em> whom?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Compound subject pronouns<\/span><\/span> are two or more pronouns joined by a conjunction or a preposition that function as the subject of the sentence.<\/p>\n<p>The following sentences show pronouns with compound subjects:<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_n02\">\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Me and Harriet<\/em> visited the Grand Canyon last summer.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Correct:<\/strong> <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Harriet and I<\/em> visited the Grand Canyon last summer.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Correct:<\/strong> Jenna accompanied <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Harriet and me<\/em> on our trip.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_n03\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Tip<\/h3>\n<p>Note that object pronouns are never used in the subject position. One way to remember this rule is to remove the other subject in a compound subject, leave only the pronoun, and see whether the sentence makes sense. For example, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Me visited the Grand Canyon last summer<\/em> sounds immediately incorrect.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Compound object pronouns<\/span><\/span> are two or more pronouns joined by a conjunction or a preposition that function as the object of the sentence.<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_n04\">\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Incorrect:<\/strong> I have a good feeling about <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Janice and I<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Correct:<\/strong> I have a good feeling about <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Janice and me<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_n05\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Tip<\/h3>\n<p>It is correct to write <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Janice and me<\/em>, as opposed to <em class=\"im_emphasis\">me and Janice<\/em>. Just remember it is more polite to refer to yourself last.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_n06\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Writing at Work<\/h3>\n<p>In casual conversation, people sometimes mix up subject and object pronouns. For instance, you might say, \u201cMe and Donnie went to a movie last night.\u201d However, when you are writing or speaking at work or in any other formal situation, you need to remember the distinctions between subject and object pronouns and be able to correct yourself. These subtle grammar corrections will enhance your professional image and reputation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_n07\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercise 3<\/h3>\n<p>Revise the following sentences in which the subject and object pronouns are used incorrectly. Copy the revised sentence onto your own sheet of paper. Write a C for each sentence that is correct.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s02_l03\">\n<li>Meera and me enjoy doing yoga together on Sundays.\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/li>\n<li>She and him have decided to sell their house.\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/li>\n<li>Between you and I, I do not think Jeffrey will win the election.\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/li>\n<li>Us and our friends have game night the first Thursday of every month.\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/li>\n<li>They and I met while on vacation in Mexico.\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/li>\n<li>Napping on the beach never gets boring for Alice and I.\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/li>\n<li>New Year\u2019s Eve is not a good time for she and I to have a serious talk.\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/li>\n<li>You exercise much more often than me.\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/li>\n<li>I am going to the comedy club with Yolanda and she.\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/li>\n<li>The cooking instructor taught her and me a lot.\n<p>________________________________________________________________<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\"><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Who<\/em> versus <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Whom<\/em><\/h2>\n<p><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Who<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whoever<\/em> is always the subject of a verb. Use <em class=\"im_emphasis\">who<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whoever<\/em> when the pronoun performs the action indicated by the verb.<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_n01\">\n<p><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Who<\/em> won the marathon last Tuesday?<\/p>\n<p>I wonder <em class=\"im_emphasis\">who<\/em> came up with that terrible idea!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>On the other hand, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em> and <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whomever<\/em> serve as objects. They are used when the pronoun does <em class=\"im_emphasis\">not<\/em> perform an action. Use <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whomever<\/em> when the pronoun is the direct object of a verb or the object of a preposition.<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_n02\">\n<p><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Whom<\/em> did Frank marry the third time? (direct object of verb)<\/p>\n<p>From <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em> did you buy that old record player? (object of preposition)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_n03\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Tip<\/h3>\n<p>If you are having trouble deciding when to use <em class=\"im_emphasis\">who<\/em> and <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em>, try this trick. Take the following sentence:<\/p>\n<p><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Who\/Whom<\/em> do I consider my best friend?<\/p>\n<p>Reorder the sentence in your head, using either <em class=\"im_emphasis\">he<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">him<\/em> in place of <em class=\"im_emphasis\">who<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>I consider <em class=\"im_emphasis\">him<\/em> my best friend.<\/p>\n<p>I consider <em class=\"im_emphasis\">he<\/em> my best friend.<\/p>\n<p>Which sentence sounds better? The first one, of course. So the trick is, if you can use <em class=\"im_emphasis\">him<\/em>, you should use <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_n04\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercise 4<\/h3>\n<p>Complete the following sentences by adding <em class=\"im_emphasis\">who<\/em> or <em class=\"im_emphasis\">whom<\/em>. Copy the completed sentence onto your own sheet of paper.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_l01\">\n<li>________ hit the home run?<\/li>\n<li>I remember ________ won the Academy Award for Best Actor last year.<\/li>\n<li>To ________ is the letter addressed?<\/li>\n<li>I have no idea ________ left the iron on, but I am going to find out.<\/li>\n<li>________ are you going to recommend for the internship?<\/li>\n<li>With ________ are you going to Hawaii?<\/li>\n<li>No one knew ________ the famous actor was.<\/li>\n<li>________ in the office knows how to fix the copy machine?<\/li>\n<li>From ________ did you get the concert tickets?<\/li>\n<li>No one knew ________ ate the cake mom was saving.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_n05\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"im_itemizedlist\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_l02\">\n<li>Pronouns and their antecedents need to agree in number and person.<\/li>\n<li>Most indefinite pronouns are singular.<\/li>\n<li>Collective nouns are usually singular.<\/li>\n<li>Pronouns can function as subjects or objects.<\/li>\n<li>Subject pronouns are never used as objects, and object pronouns are never used as subjects.<\/li>\n<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Who<\/em> serves as a subject of a verb.<\/li>\n<li><em class=\"im_emphasis\">Whom<\/em> serves as an object of a sentence or the object of a preposition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\" id=\"fresh-ch02_s05_s03_n06\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Writing Application<\/h3>\n<p>Write about what makes an ideal marriage or long-term relationship. Provide specific details to back up your assertions. After you have written a few paragraphs, go back and proofread your paper for correct pronoun usage.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-29\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Successful Writing. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/successful-writing\/\">http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/successful-writing\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":5,"menu_order":11,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Successful Writing\",\"author\":\"Anonymous\",\"organization\":\"Anonymous\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/successful-writing\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-29","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":238,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/29","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/29\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":275,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/29\/revisions\/275"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/238"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/29\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=29"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=29"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=29"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}