{"id":52,"date":"2014-07-18T19:26:33","date_gmt":"2014-07-18T19:26:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/successfulwriting\/?post_type=chapter&p=52"},"modified":"2014-07-19T04:45:10","modified_gmt":"2014-07-19T04:45:10","slug":"5-1-word-order","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-fmcc-writingforsuccess\/chapter\/5-1-word-order\/","title":{"raw":"5.1 Word Order","rendered":"5.1 Word Order"},"content":{"raw":"

Chapter 5 Help for English Language Learners<\/h1>\r\n
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5.1<\/span> Word Order<\/h2>\r\n
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Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n
    \r\n\t
  1. Identify the basic structures of sentences.<\/li>\r\n\t
  2. Determine ways to turn sentences into questions.<\/li>\r\n\t
  3. Define adjectives and how they are used.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\nIf your first language is not English, you will most likely need some extra help when writing in Standard, or formal, English. New students of Standard English often make similar kinds of errors. Even if you have been speaking English for a long time, you may not feel as confident in your written English skills. This chapter covers the most common errors made by English language learners and helps you avoid similar mistakes in your writing.\r\n
    \r\n

    Basic Sentence Structures<\/h2>\r\nThe most basic sentence structure in English is a subject<\/span><\/span> plus a verb<\/span><\/span>. A subject performs the action in the sentence, and the verb identifies the action. Keep in mind that in some languages, such as Spanish and Italian, an obvious subject does not always perform the action in a sentence; the subject is often implied by the verb. However, every sentence in English must have a subject and a verb to express a complete thought.\r\n
    \"\"<\/a><\/div>\r\nNot all sentences are as simple as a subject plus a verb. To form more complex sentences, writers build upon this basic structure. Adding a prepositional phrase to the basic sentence creates a more complex sentence. A preposition<\/span><\/span> is a part of speech that relates a noun or a pronoun to another word in a sentence. It also introduces a prepositional phrase<\/span><\/span>. If you can identify a preposition, you will be able to identify a prepositional phrase.\r\n
    \"\"<\/a><\/div>\r\nOn<\/em> is the preposition. On the couch<\/em> is the prepositional phrase.\r\n
    \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    Common Prepositions<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
    about<\/td>\r\nbeside<\/td>\r\noff<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    above<\/td>\r\nbetween<\/td>\r\non<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    across<\/td>\r\nby<\/td>\r\nover<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    after<\/td>\r\nduring<\/td>\r\nthrough<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    against<\/td>\r\nexcept<\/td>\r\nto<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    along<\/td>\r\nfor<\/td>\r\ntoward<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    among<\/td>\r\nfrom<\/td>\r\nunder<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    around<\/td>\r\nin<\/td>\r\nuntil<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    at<\/td>\r\ninto<\/td>\r\nup<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    before<\/td>\r\nlike<\/td>\r\nwith<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    behind<\/td>\r\nof<\/td>\r\nwithout<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    Exercise 1<\/h3>\r\nCopy the following sentences onto your own sheet of paper and underline the prepositional phrases.\r\n
      \r\n\t
    1. Linda and Javier danced under the stars.<\/li>\r\n\t
    2. Each person has an opinion about the topic.<\/li>\r\n\t
    3. The fans walked through the gates.<\/li>\r\n\t
    4. Jamyra ran around the track.<\/li>\r\n\t
    5. Maria celebrated her birthday in January.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\nAnother sentence structure that is important to understand is subject + verb + object. There are two types of objects: direct objects<\/span><\/span> and indirect objects<\/span><\/span>.\r\n\r\nA direct object receives the action of the verb.\r\n
      \"\"<\/a><\/div>\r\nThe letter directly receives the action of the verb writes<\/em>.\r\n
      \r\n

      Tip<\/h3>\r\nA quick way to find the direct object is to ask what?<\/em> or who?<\/em>\r\n\r\nSentence:<\/strong> Maurice kicked the ball.\r\n\r\nWhat<\/em> did Maurice kick? The direct object, ball<\/em>.\r\n\r\nSentence:<\/strong> Maurice kicked Tom by accident.\r\n\r\nWho<\/em> did Maurice kick? The direct object, Tom<\/em>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nAn indirect object does not receive the action of the verb.\r\n
      \"\"<\/a><\/div>\r\nThe action (writes)<\/em> is performed for or to the indirect object (me)<\/em>.\r\n
      \r\n

      Tip<\/h3>\r\nEven though the indirect object is not found after a preposition in English, it can be discovered by asking to whom?<\/em> or for whom?<\/em> after the verb.\r\n\r\nSentence:<\/strong> Dad baked the children some cookies.\r\n\r\nFor whom did Dad bake the cookies? The indirect object, children<\/em>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
      \r\n

      Exercise 2<\/h3>\r\nOn a separate sheet of paper, identify the subject, verb, direct object, and indirect object in the following sentences.\r\n
        \r\n\t
      1. Captain Kirk told the crew a story.<\/li>\r\n\t
      2. Jermaine gave his girlfriend a dozen yellow tulips.<\/li>\r\n\t
      3. That hospital offers nurses better pay.<\/li>\r\n\t
      4. Dad served Grandma a delicious dinner.<\/li>\r\n\t
      5. Mom bought herself a new car.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
        \r\n

        Exercise 3<\/h3>\r\nOn a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the sentences in the correct order. If the sentence is correct as it is, write OK<\/em>.\r\n
          \r\n\t
        1. The pizza Jeannine burnt.<\/li>\r\n\t
        2. To the Mexican restaurant we had to go for dinner.<\/li>\r\n\t
        3. Jeannine loved the food.<\/li>\r\n\t
        4. So full were we during the walk home.<\/li>\r\n\t
        5. I will make the pizza next time.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
          \r\n

          Questions<\/h2>\r\nEnglish speakers rely on the following two common ways to turn sentences into questions:\r\n
            \r\n\t
          1. Move the helping verb and add a question mark.<\/li>\r\n\t
          2. Add the verb do<\/em>, does<\/em>, or did<\/em> and add a question mark.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
            \r\n\r\nMove the helping verb and add a question mark.\r\n\r\nSentence:<\/strong> Sierra can pack these boxes.\r\n\r\nQuestion: Can<\/strong> Sierra pack these boxes?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAdd the verb do<\/em>, does<\/em>, or did<\/em>, and add a question mark:\r\n\r\nSentence:<\/strong> Jolene skated across the pond.\r\n\r\nQuestion: Did<\/strong> Jolene skate across the pond?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
            \r\n

            Exercise 4<\/h3>\r\nOn a separate sheet of paper, create questions from the following sentences.\r\n
              \r\n\t
            1. Slumdog Millionaire<\/em> is a film directed by Danny Boyle.<\/li>\r\n\t
            2. The story centers on a character named Jamal Malik.<\/li>\r\n\t
            3. He and his older brother find different ways to escape the slums.<\/li>\r\n\t
            4. His brother, Salim, pursues a life of crime.<\/li>\r\n\t
            5. Jamal ends up on the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
              \r\n

              Adjectives<\/h2>\r\nAn adjective<\/span><\/span> is a kind of descriptive word that describes a noun or a pronoun. It tells which one<\/em>, what kind<\/em>, and how many<\/em>. Adjectives make your writing more lively and interesting. Keep in mind, a common error that English language learners make is misplacing the adjectives in a sentence. It is important to know where to place the adjective in a sentence so that readers are not confused.\r\n
              \r\n\r\nIf you are using more than one adjective to describe a noun, place the adjectives in the following order before the noun:\r\n
                \r\n\t
              1. Opinion:<\/strong> an interesting book, a boring movie, a fun ride<\/li>\r\n\t
              2. Size:<\/strong> a large box, a tiny turtle, a tall woman<\/li>\r\n\t
              3. Shape:<\/strong> a round ball, a long hose, a square field<\/li>\r\n\t
              4. Age:<\/strong> a new day, an old horse, a modern building<\/li>\r\n\t
              5. Color:<\/strong> an orange sunset, a green jacket, a red bug<\/li>\r\n\t
              6. Ethnicity:<\/strong> Italian cheese, French wine, Chinese tea<\/li>\r\n\t
              7. Material:<\/strong> silk shirt, wool socks, a cotton dress<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
                \r\n

                Tip<\/h3>\r\nAdjectives can also be placed at the end of a sentence if they describe the subject of a sentence and appear after the verb.\r\n\r\nSentence:<\/strong> My English teacher is excellent.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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                Exercise 5<\/h3>\r\nOn a separate sheet of paper, place the following sets of adjectives in the correct order before the noun. The first one has been done for you.\r\n
                  \r\n\t
                1. book: old, small, Spanisha small old Spanish book (age, size, ethnicity)<\/li>\r\n\t
                2. photograph: new, strange<\/li>\r\n\t
                3. suit: wool, green, funny<\/li>\r\n\t
                4. opinion: refreshing, new<\/li>\r\n\t
                5. dress: fashionable, purple<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
                  \r\n

                  Key Takeaways<\/h3>\r\n