{"id":188,"date":"2017-06-24T20:36:33","date_gmt":"2017-06-24T20:36:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geneseo-humanities1-1\/chapter\/cantos-xxxi-xxxiv\/"},"modified":"2017-07-22T21:10:17","modified_gmt":"2017-07-22T21:10:17","slug":"cantos-xxxi-xxxiv","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geneseo-humanities1-1\/chapter\/cantos-xxxi-xxxiv\/","title":{"raw":"Cantos XXXI\u2013XXXIV","rendered":"Cantos XXXI\u2013XXXIV"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Canto XXXI<\/h2>\r\nOne and the selfsame tongue first wounded me,\r\nSo that it tinged the one cheek and the other,\r\nAnd then held out to me the medicine;\r\n\r\nThus do I hear that once Achilles' spear,\r\nHis and his father's, used to be the cause\r\nFirst of a sad and then a gracious boon.\r\n\r\nWe turned our backs upon the wretched valley,\r\nUpon the bank that girds it round about,\r\nGoing across it without any speech.\r\n\r\nThere it was less than night, and less than day,\r\nSo that my sight went little in advance;\r\nBut I could hear the blare of a loud horn,\r\n\r\nSo loud it would have made each thunder faint,\r\nWhich, counter to it following its way,\r\nMine eyes directed wholly to one place.\r\n\r\nAfter the dolorous discomfiture\r\nWhen Charlemagne the holy emprise lost,\r\nSo terribly Orlando sounded not.\r\n\r\nShort while my head turned thitherward I held\r\nWhen many lofty towers I seemed to see,\r\nWhereat I: \"Master, say, what town is this?\"\r\n\r\nAnd he to me: \"Because thou peerest forth\r\nAthwart the darkness at too great a distance,\r\nIt happens that thou errest in thy fancy.\r\n\r\nWell shalt thou see, if thou arrivest there,\r\nHow much the sense deceives itself by distance;\r\nTherefore a little faster spur thee on.\"\r\n\r\nThen tenderly he took me by the hand,\r\nAnd said: \"Before we farther have advanced,\r\nThat the reality may seem to thee\r\n\r\nLess strange, know that these are not towers, but giants,\r\nAnd they are in the well, around the bank,\r\nFrom navel downward, one and all of them.\"\r\n\r\nAs, when the fog is vanishing away,\r\nLittle by little doth the sight refigure\r\nWhate'er the mist that crowds the air conceals,\r\n\r\nSo, piercing through the dense and darksome air,\r\nMore and more near approaching tow'rd the verge,\r\nMy error fled, and fear came over me;\r\n\r\nBecause as on its circular parapets\r\nMontereggione crowns itself with towers,\r\nE'en thus the margin which surrounds the well\r\n\r\nWith one half of their bodies turreted\r\nThe horrible giants, whom Jove menaces\r\nE'en now from out the heavens when he thunders.\r\n\r\nAnd I of one already saw the face,\r\nShoulders, and breast, and great part of the belly,\r\nAnd down along his sides both of the arms.\r\n\r\nCertainly Nature, when she left the making\r\nOf animals like these, did well indeed,\r\nBy taking such executors from Mars;\r\n\r\nAnd if of elephants and whales she doth not\r\nRepent her, whosoever looketh subtly\r\nMore just and more discreet will hold her for it;\r\n\r\nFor where the argument of intellect\r\nIs added unto evil will and power,\r\nNo rampart can the people make against it.\r\n\r\nHis face appeared to me as long and large\r\nAs is at Rome the pine-cone of Saint Peter's,\r\nAnd in proportion were the other bones;\r\n\r\nSo that the margin, which an apron was\r\nDown from the middle, showed so much of him\r\nAbove it, that to reach up to his hair\r\n\r\nThree Frieslanders in vain had vaunted them;\r\nFor I beheld thirty great palms of him\r\nDown from the place where man his mantle buckles.\r\n\r\n\"Raphael mai amech izabi almi,\"\r\nBegan to clamour the ferocious mouth,\r\nTo which were not befitting sweeter psalms.\r\n\r\nAnd unto him my Guide: \"Soul idiotic,\r\nKeep to thy horn, and vent thyself with that,\r\nWhen wrath or other passion touches thee.\r\n\r\nSearch round thy neck, and thou wilt find the belt\r\nWhich keeps it fastened, O bewildered soul,\r\nAnd see it, where it bars thy mighty breast.\"\r\n\r\nThen said to me: \"He doth himself accuse;\r\nThis one is Nimrod, by whose evil thought\r\nOne language in the world is not still used.\r\n\r\nHere let us leave him and not speak in vain;\r\nFor even such to him is every language\r\nAs his to others, which to none is known.\"\r\n\r\nTherefore a longer journey did we make,\r\nTurned to the left, and a crossbow-shot oft\r\nWe found another far more fierce and large.\r\n\r\nIn binding him, who might the master be\r\nI cannot say; but he had pinioned close\r\nBehind the right arm, and in front the other,\r\n\r\nWith chains, that held him so begirt about\r\nFrom the neck down, that on the part uncovered\r\nIt wound itself as far as the fifth gyre.\r\n\r\n\"This proud one wished to make experiment\r\nOf his own power against the Supreme Jove,\"\r\nMy Leader said, \"whence he has such a guerdon.\r\n\r\nEphialtes is his name; he showed great prowess.\r\nWhat time the giants terrified the gods;\r\nThe arms he wielded never more he moves.\"\r\n\r\nAnd I to him: \"If possible, I should wish\r\nThat of the measureless Briareus\r\nThese eyes of mine might have experience.\"\r\n\r\nWhence he replied: \"Thou shalt behold Antaeus\r\nClose by here, who can speak and is unbound,\r\nWho at the bottom of all crime shall place us.\r\n\r\nMuch farther yon is he whom thou wouldst see,\r\nAnd he is bound, and fashioned like to this one,\r\nSave that he seems in aspect more ferocious.\"\r\n\r\nThere never was an earthquake of such might\r\nThat it could shake a tower so violently,\r\nAs Ephialtes suddenly shook himself.\r\n\r\nThen was I more afraid of death than ever,\r\nFor nothing more was needful than the fear,\r\nIf I had not beheld the manacles.\r\n\r\nThen we proceeded farther in advance,\r\nAnd to Antaeus came, who, full five ells\r\nWithout the head, forth issued from the cavern.\r\n\r\n\"O thou, who in the valley fortunate,\r\nWhich Scipio the heir of glory made,\r\nWhen Hannibal turned back with all his hosts,\r\n\r\nOnce brought'st a thousand lions for thy prey,\r\nAnd who, hadst thou been at the mighty war\r\nAmong thy brothers, some it seems still think\r\n\r\nThe sons of Earth the victory would have gained:\r\nPlace us below, nor be disdainful of it,\r\nThere where the cold doth lock Cocytus up.\r\n\r\nMake us not go to Tityus nor Typhoeus;\r\nThis one can give of that which here is longed for;\r\nTherefore stoop down, and do not curl thy lip.\r\n\r\nStill in the world can he restore thy fame;\r\nBecause he lives, and still expects long life,\r\nIf to itself Grace call him not untimely.\"\r\n\r\nSo said the Master; and in haste the other\r\nHis hands extended and took up my Guide,--\r\nHands whose great pressure Hercules once felt.\r\n\r\nVirgilius, when he felt himself embraced,\r\nSaid unto me: \"Draw nigh, that I may take thee;\"\r\nThen of himself and me one bundle made.\r\n\r\nAs seems the Carisenda, to behold\r\nBeneath the leaning side, when goes a cloud\r\nAbove it so that opposite it hangs;\r\n\r\nSuch did Antaeus seem to me, who stood\r\nWatching to see him stoop, and then it was\r\nI could have wished to go some other way.\r\n\r\nBut lightly in the abyss, which swallows up\r\nJudas with Lucifer, he put us down;\r\nNor thus bowed downward made he there delay,\r\n\r\nBut, as a mast does in a ship, uprose.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Canto XXXII<\/h2>\r\nIf I had rhymes both rough and stridulous,\r\nAs were appropriate to the dismal hole\r\nDown upon which thrust all the other rocks,\r\n\r\nI would press out the juice of my conception\r\nMore fully; but because I have them not,\r\nNot without fear I bring myself to speak;\r\n\r\nFor 'tis no enterprise to take in jest,\r\nTo sketch the bottom of all the universe,\r\nNor for a tongue that cries Mamma and Babbo.\r\n\r\nBut may those Ladies help this verse of mine,\r\nWho helped Amphion in enclosing Thebes,\r\nThat from the fact the word be not diverse.\r\n\r\nO rabble ill-begotten above all,\r\nWho're in the place to speak of which is hard,\r\n'Twere better ye had here been sheep or goats!\r\n\r\nWhen we were down within the darksome well,\r\nBeneath the giant's feet, but lower far,\r\nAnd I was scanning still the lofty wall,\r\n\r\nI heard it said to me: \"Look how thou steppest!\r\nTake heed thou do not trample with thy feet\r\nThe heads of the tired, miserable brothers!\"\r\n\r\nWhereat I turned me round, and saw before me\r\nAnd underfoot a lake, that from the frost\r\nThe semblance had of glass, and not of water.\r\n\r\nSo thick a veil ne'er made upon its current\r\nIn winter-time Danube in Austria,\r\nNor there beneath the frigid sky the Don,\r\n\r\nAs there was here; so that if Tambernich\r\nHad fallen upon it, or Pietrapana,\r\nE'en at the edge 'twould not have given a creak.\r\n\r\nAnd as to croak the frog doth place himself\r\nWith muzzle out of water,--when is dreaming\r\nOf gleaning oftentimes the peasant-girl,--\r\n\r\nLivid, as far down as where shame appears,\r\nWere the disconsolate shades within the ice,\r\nSetting their teeth unto the note of storks.\r\n\r\nEach one his countenance held downward bent;\r\nFrom mouth the cold, from eyes the doleful heart\r\nAmong them witness of itself procures.\r\n\r\nWhen round about me somewhat I had looked,\r\nI downward turned me, and saw two so close,\r\nThe hair upon their heads together mingled.\r\n\r\n\"Ye who so strain your breasts together, tell me,\"\r\nI said, \"who are you;\" and they bent their necks,\r\nAnd when to me their faces they had lifted,\r\n\r\nTheir eyes, which first were only moist within,\r\nGushed o'er the eyelids, and the frost congealed\r\nThe tears between, and locked them up again.\r\n\r\nClamp never bound together wood with wood\r\nSo strongly; whereat they, like two he-goats,\r\nButted together, so much wrath o'ercame them.\r\n\r\nAnd one, who had by reason of the cold\r\nLost both his ears, still with his visage downward,\r\nSaid: \"Why dost thou so mirror thyself in us?\r\n\r\nIf thou desire to know who these two are,\r\nThe valley whence Bisenzio descends\r\nBelonged to them and to their father Albert.\r\n\r\nThey from one body came, and all Caina\r\nThou shalt search through, and shalt not find a shade\r\nMore worthy to be fixed in gelatine;\r\n\r\nNot he in whom were broken breast and shadow\r\nAt one and the same blow by Arthur's hand;\r\nFocaccia not; not he who me encumbers\r\n\r\nSo with his head I see no farther forward,\r\nAnd bore the name of Sassol Mascheroni;\r\nWell knowest thou who he was, if thou art Tuscan.\r\n\r\nAnd that thou put me not to further speech,\r\nKnow that I Camicion de' Pazzi was,\r\nAnd wait Carlino to exonerate me.\"\r\n\r\nThen I beheld a thousand faces, made\r\nPurple with cold; whence o'er me comes a shudder,\r\nAnd evermore will come, at frozen ponds.\r\n\r\nAnd while we were advancing tow'rds the middle,\r\nWhere everything of weight unites together,\r\nAnd I was shivering in the eternal shade,\r\n\r\nWhether 'twere will, or destiny, or chance,\r\nI know not; but in walking 'mong the heads\r\nI struck my foot hard in the face of one.\r\n\r\nWeeping he growled: \"Why dost thou trample me?\r\nUnless thou comest to increase the vengeance\r\nof Montaperti, why dost thou molest me?\"\r\n\r\nAnd I: \"My Master, now wait here for me,\r\nThat I through him may issue from a doubt;\r\nThen thou mayst hurry me, as thou shalt wish.\"\r\n\r\nThe Leader stopped; and to that one I said\r\nWho was blaspheming vehemently still:\r\n\"Who art thou, that thus reprehendest others?\"\r\n\r\n\"Now who art thou, that goest through Antenora\r\nSmiting,\" replied he, \"other people's cheeks,\r\nSo that, if thou wert living, 'twere too much?\"\r\n\r\n\"Living I am, and dear to thee it may be,\"\r\nWas my response, \"if thou demandest fame,\r\nThat 'mid the other notes thy name I place.\"\r\n\r\nAnd he to me: \"For the reverse I long;\r\nTake thyself hence, and give me no more trouble;\r\nFor ill thou knowest to flatter in this hollow.\"\r\n\r\nThen by the scalp behind I seized upon him,\r\nAnd said: \"It must needs be thou name thyself,\r\nOr not a hair remain upon thee here.\"\r\n\r\nWhence he to me: \"Though thou strip off my hair,\r\nI will not tell thee who I am, nor show thee,\r\nIf on my head a thousand times thou fall.\"\r\n\r\nI had his hair in hand already twisted,\r\nAnd more than one shock of it had pulled out,\r\nHe barking, with his eyes held firmly down,\r\n\r\nWhen cried another: \"What doth ail thee, Bocca?\r\nIs't not enough to clatter with thy jaws,\r\nBut thou must bark? what devil touches thee?\"\r\n\r\n\"Now,\" said I, \"I care not to have thee speak,\r\nAccursed traitor; for unto thy shame\r\nI will report of thee veracious news.\"\r\n\r\n\"Begone,\" replied he, \"and tell what thou wilt,\r\nBut be not silent, if thou issue hence,\r\nOf him who had just now his tongue so prompt;\r\n\r\nHe weepeth here the silver of the French;\r\n'I saw,' thus canst thou phrase it, 'him of Duera\r\nThere where the sinners stand out in the cold.'\r\n\r\nIf thou shouldst questioned be who else was there,\r\nThou hast beside thee him of Beccaria,\r\nOf whom the gorget Florence slit asunder;\r\n\r\nGianni del Soldanier, I think, may be\r\nYonder with Ganellon, and Tebaldello\r\nWho oped Faenza when the people slep.\"\r\n\r\nAlready we had gone away from him,\r\nWhen I beheld two frozen in one hole,\r\nSo that one head a hood was to the other;\r\n\r\nAnd even as bread through hunger is devoured,\r\nThe uppermost on the other set his teeth,\r\nThere where the brain is to the nape united.\r\n\r\nNot in another fashion Tydeus gnawed\r\nThe temples of Menalippus in disdain,\r\nThan that one did the skull and the other things.\r\n\r\n\"O thou, who showest by such bestial sign\r\nThy hatred against him whom thou art eating,\r\nTell me the wherefore,\" said I, \"with this compact,\r\n\r\nThat if thou rightfully of him complain,\r\nIn knowing who ye are, and his transgression,\r\nI in the world above repay thee for it,\r\n\r\nIf that wherewith I speak be not dried up.\"\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Canto XXXIII<\/h2>\r\nHis mouth uplifted from his grim repast,\r\nThat sinner, wiping it upon the hair\r\nOf the same head that he behind had wasted.\r\n\r\nThen he began: \"Thou wilt that I renew\r\nThe desperate grief, which wrings my heart already\r\nTo think of only, ere I speak of it;\r\n\r\nBut if my words be seed that may bear fruit\r\nOf infamy to the traitor whom I gnaw,\r\nSpeaking and weeping shalt thou see together.\r\n\r\nI know not who thou art, nor by what mode\r\nThou hast come down here; but a Florentine\r\nThou seemest to me truly, when I hear thee.\r\n\r\nThou hast to know I was Count Ugolino,\r\nAnd this one was Ruggieri the Archbishop;\r\nNow I will tell thee why I am such a neighbour.\r\n\r\nThat, by effect of his malicious thoughts,\r\nTrusting in him I was made prisoner,\r\nAnd after put to death, I need not say;\r\n\r\nBut ne'ertheless what thou canst not have heard,\r\nThat is to say, how cruel was my death,\r\nHear shalt thou, and shalt know if he has wronged me.\r\n\r\nA narrow perforation in the mew,\r\nWhich bears because of me the title of Famine,\r\nAnd in which others still must be locked up,\r\n\r\nHad shown me through its opening many moons\r\nAlready, when I dreamed the evil dream\r\nWhich of the future rent for me the veil.\r\n\r\nThis one appeared to me as lord and master,\r\nHunting the wolf and whelps upon the mountain\r\nFor which the Pisans cannot Lucca see.\r\n\r\nWith sleuth-hounds gaunt, and eager, and well trained,\r\nGualandi with Sismondi and Lanfranchi\r\nHe had sent out before him to the front.\r\n\r\nAfter brief course seemed unto me forespent\r\nThe father and the sons, and with sharp tushes\r\nIt seemed to me I saw their flanks ripped open.\r\n\r\nWhen I before the morrow was awake,\r\nMoaning amid their sleep I heard my sons\r\nWho with me were, and asking after bread.\r\n\r\nCruel indeed art thou, if yet thou grieve not,\r\nThinking of what my heart foreboded me,\r\nAnd weep'st thou not, what art thou wont to weep at?\r\n\r\nThey were awake now, and the hour drew nigh\r\nAt which our food used to be brought to us,\r\nAnd through his dream was each one apprehensive;\r\n\r\nAnd I heard locking up the under door\r\nOf the horrible tower; whereat without a word\r\nI gazed into the faces of my sons.\r\n\r\nI wept not, I within so turned to stone;\r\nThey wept; and darling little Anselm mine\r\nSaid: 'Thou dost gaze so, father, what doth ail thee?'\r\n\r\nStill not a tear I shed, nor answer made\r\nAll of that day, nor yet the night thereafter,\r\nUntil another sun rose on the world.\r\n\r\nAs now a little glimmer made its way\r\nInto the dolorous prison, and I saw\r\nUpon four faces my own very aspect,\r\n\r\nBoth of my hands in agony I bit;\r\nAnd, thinking that I did it from desire\r\nOf eating, on a sudden they uprose,\r\n\r\nAnd said they: 'Father, much less pain 'twill give us\r\nIf thou do eat of us; thyself didst clothe us\r\nWith this poor flesh, and do thou strip it off.'\r\n\r\nI calmed me then, not to make them more sad.\r\nThat day we all were silent, and the next.\r\nAh! obdurate earth, wherefore didst thou not open?\r\n\r\nWhen we had come unto the fourth day, Gaddo\r\nThrew himself down outstretched before my feet,\r\nSaying, 'My father, why dost thou not help me?'\r\n\r\nAnd there he died; and, as thou seest me,\r\nI saw the three fall, one by one, between\r\nThe fifth day and the sixth; whence I betook me,\r\n\r\nAlready blind, to groping over each,\r\nAnd three days called them after they were dead;\r\nThen hunger did what sorrow could not do.\"\r\n\r\nWhen he had said this, with his eyes distorted,\r\nThe wretched skull resumed he with his teeth,\r\nWhich, as a dog's, upon the bone were strong.\r\n\r\nAh! Pisa, thou opprobrium of the people\r\nOf the fair land there where the 'S\u00ec' doth sound,\r\nSince slow to punish thee thy neighbours are,\r\n\r\nLet the Capraia and Gorgona move,\r\nAnd make a hedge across the mouth of Arno\r\nThat every person in thee it may drown!\r\n\r\nFor if Count Ugolino had the fame\r\nOf having in thy castles thee betrayed,\r\nThou shouldst not on such cross have put his sons.\r\n\r\nGuiltless of any crime, thou modern Thebes!\r\nTheir youth made Uguccione and Brigata,\r\nAnd the other two my song doth name above!\r\n\r\nWe passed still farther onward, where the ice\r\nAnother people ruggedly enswathes,\r\nNot downward turned, but all of them reversed.\r\n\r\nWeeping itself there does not let them weep,\r\nAnd grief that finds a barrier in the eyes\r\nTurns itself inward to increase the anguish;\r\n\r\nBecause the earliest tears a cluster form,\r\nAnd, in the manner of a crystal visor,\r\nFill all the cup beneath the eyebrow full.\r\n\r\nAnd notwithstanding that, as in a callus,\r\nBecause of cold all sensibility\r\nIts station had abandoned in my face,\r\n\r\nStill it appeared to me I felt some wind;\r\nWhence I: \"My Master, who sets this in motion?\r\nIs not below here every vapour quenched?\"\r\n\r\nWhence he to me: \"Full soon shalt thou be where\r\nThine eye shall answer make to thee of this,\r\nSeeing the cause which raineth down the blast.\"\r\n\r\nAnd one of the wretches of the frozen crust\r\nCried out to us: \"O souls so merciless\r\nThat the last post is given unto you,\r\n\r\nLift from mine eyes the rigid veils, that I\r\nMay vent the sorrow which impregns my heart\r\nA little, e'er the weeping recongeal.\"\r\n\r\nWhence I to him: \"If thou wouldst have me help thee\r\nSay who thou wast; and if I free thee not,\r\nMay I go to the bottom of the ice.\"\r\n\r\nThen he replied: \"I am Friar Alberigo;\r\nHe am I of the fruit of the bad garden,\r\nWho here a date am getting for my fig.\"\r\n\r\n\"O,\" said I to him, \"now art thou, too, dead?\"\r\nAnd he to me: \"How may my body fare\r\nUp in the world, no knowledge I possess.\r\n\r\nSuch an advantage has this Ptolomaea,\r\nThat oftentimes the soul descendeth here\r\nSooner than Atropos in motion sets it.\r\n\r\nAnd, that thou mayest more willingly remove\r\nFrom off my countenance these glassy tears,\r\nKnow that as soon as any soul betrays\r\n\r\nAs I have done, his body by a demon\r\nIs taken from him, who thereafter rules it,\r\nUntil his time has wholly been revolved.\r\n\r\nItself down rushes into such a cistern;\r\nAnd still perchance above appears the body\r\nOf yonder shade, that winters here behind me.\r\n\r\nThis thou shouldst know, if thou hast just come down;\r\nIt is Ser Branca d' Oria, and many years\r\nHave passed away since he was thus locked up.\"\r\n\r\n\"I think,\" said I to him, \"thou dost deceive me;\r\nFor Branca d' Oria is not dead as yet,\r\nAnd eats, and drinks, and sleeps, and puts on clothes.\"\r\n\r\n\"In moat above,\" said he, \"of Malebranche,\r\nThere where is boiling the tenacious pitch,\r\nAs yet had Michel Zanche not arrived,\r\n\r\nWhen this one left a devil in his stead\r\nIn his own body and one near of kin,\r\nWho made together with him the betrayal.\r\n\r\nBut hitherward stretch out thy hand forthwith,\r\nOpen mine eyes;\"--and open them I did not,\r\nAnd to be rude to him was courtesy.\r\n\r\nAh, Genoese! ye men at variance\r\nWith every virtue, full of every vice\r\nWherefore are ye not scattered from the world?\r\n\r\nFor with the vilest spirit of Romagna\r\nI found of you one such, who for his deeds\r\nIn soul already in Cocytus bathes,\r\n\r\nAnd still above in body seems alive!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Canto XXXIV<\/h2>\r\n\"'Vexilla Regis prodeunt Inferni'\r\nTowards us; therefore look in front of thee,\"\r\nMy Master said, \"if thou discernest him.\"\r\n\r\nAs, when there breathes a heavy fog, or when\r\nOur hemisphere is darkening into night,\r\nAppears far off a mill the wind is turning,\r\n\r\nMethought that such a building then I saw;\r\nAnd, for the wind, I drew myself behind\r\nMy Guide, because there was no other shelter.\r\n\r\nNow was I, and with fear in verse I put it,\r\nThere where the shades were wholly covered up,\r\nAnd glimmered through like unto straws in glass.\r\n\r\nSome prone are lying, others stand erect,\r\nThis with the head, and that one with the soles;\r\nAnother, bow-like, face to feet inverts.\r\n\r\nWhen in advance so far we had proceeded,\r\nThat it my Master pleased to show to me\r\nThe creature who once had the beauteous semblance,\r\n\r\nHe from before me moved and made me stop,\r\nSaying: \"Behold Dis, and behold the place\r\nWhere thou with fortitude must arm thyself.\"\r\n\r\nHow frozen I became and powerless then,\r\nAsk it not, Reader, for I write it not,\r\nBecause all language would be insufficient.\r\n\r\nI did not die, and I alive remained not;\r\nThink for thyself now, hast thou aught of wit,\r\nWhat I became, being of both deprived.\r\n\r\nThe Emperor of the kingdom dolorous\r\nFrom his mid-breast forth issued from the ice;\r\nAnd better with a giant I compare\r\n\r\nThan do the giants with those arms of his;\r\nConsider now how great must be that whole,\r\nWhich unto such a part conforms itself.\r\n\r\nWere he as fair once, as he now is foul,\r\nAnd lifted up his brow against his Maker,\r\nWell may proceed from him all tribulation.\r\n\r\nO, what a marvel it appeared to me,\r\nWhen I beheld three faces on his head!\r\nThe one in front, and that vermilion was;\r\n\r\nTwo were the others, that were joined with this\r\nAbove the middle part of either shoulder,\r\nAnd they were joined together at the crest;\r\n\r\nAnd the right-hand one seemed 'twixt white and yellow;\r\nThe left was such to look upon as those\r\nWho come from where the Nile falls valley-ward.\r\n\r\nUnderneath each came forth two mighty wings,\r\nSuch as befitting were so great a bird;\r\nSails of the sea I never saw so large.\r\n\r\nNo feathers had they, but as of a bat\r\nTheir fashion was; and he was waving them,\r\nSo that three winds proceeded forth therefrom.\r\n\r\nThereby Cocytus wholly was congealed.\r\nWith six eyes did he weep, and down three chins\r\nTrickled the tear-drops and the bloody drivel.\r\n\r\nAt every mouth he with his teeth was crunching\r\nA sinner, in the manner of a brake,\r\nSo that he three of them tormented thus.\r\n\r\nTo him in front the biting was as naught\r\nUnto the clawing, for sometimes the spine\r\nUtterly stripped of all the skin remained.\r\n\r\n\"That soul up there which has the greatest pain,\"\r\nThe Master said, \"is Judas Iscariot;\r\nWith head inside, he plies his legs without.\r\n\r\nOf the two others, who head downward are,\r\nThe one who hangs from the black jowl is Brutus;\r\nSee how he writhes himself, and speaks no word.\r\n\r\nAnd the other, who so stalwart seems, is Cassius.\r\nBut night is reascending, and 'tis time\r\nThat we depart, for we have seen the whole.\"\r\n\r\nAs seemed him good, I clasped him round the neck,\r\nAnd he the vantage seized of time and place,\r\nAnd when the wings were opened wide apart,\r\n\r\nHe laid fast hold upon the shaggy sides;\r\nFrom fell to fell descended downward then\r\nBetween the thick hair and the frozen crust.\r\n\r\nWhen we were come to where the thigh revolves\r\nExactly on the thickness of the haunch,\r\nThe Guide, with labour and with hard-drawn breath,\r\n\r\nTurned round his head where he had had his legs,\r\nAnd grappled to the hair, as one who mounts,\r\nSo that to Hell I thought we were returning.\r\n\r\n\"Keep fast thy hold, for by such stairs as these,\"\r\nThe Master said, panting as one fatigued,\r\n\"Must we perforce depart from so much evil.\"\r\n\r\nThen through the opening of a rock he issued,\r\nAnd down upon the margin seated me;\r\nThen tow'rds me he outstretched his wary step.\r\n\r\nI lifted up mine eyes and thought to see\r\nLucifer in the same way I had left him;\r\nAnd I beheld him upward hold his legs.\r\n\r\nAnd if I then became disquieted,\r\nLet stolid people think who do not see\r\nWhat the point is beyond which I had passed.\r\n\r\n\"Rise up,\" the Master said, \"upon thy feet;\r\nThe way is long, and difficult the road,\r\nAnd now the sun to middle-tierce returns.\"\r\n\r\nIt was not any palace corridor\r\nThere where we were, but dungeon natural,\r\nWith floor uneven and unease of light.\r\n\r\n\"Ere from the abyss I tear myself away,\r\nMy Master,\" said I when I had arisen,\r\n\"To draw me from an error speak a little;\r\n\r\nWhere is the ice? and how is this one fixed\r\nThus upside down? and how in such short time\r\nFrom eve to morn has the sun made his transit?\"\r\n\r\nAnd he to me: \"Thou still imaginest\r\nThou art beyond the centre, where I grasped\r\nThe hair of the fell worm, who mines the world.\r\n\r\nThat side thou wast, so long as I descended;\r\nWhen round I turned me, thou didst pass the point\r\nTo which things heavy draw from every side,\r\n\r\nAnd now beneath the hemisphere art come\r\nOpposite that which overhangs the vast\r\nDry-land, and 'neath whose cope was put to death\r\n\r\nThe Man who without sin was born and lived.\r\nThou hast thy feet upon the little sphere\r\nWhich makes the other face of the Judecca.\r\n\r\nHere it is morn when it is evening there;\r\nAnd he who with his hair a stairway made us\r\nStill fixed remaineth as he was before.\r\n\r\nUpon this side he fell down out of heaven;\r\nAnd all the land, that whilom here emerged,\r\nFor fear of him made of the sea a veil,\r\n\r\nAnd came to our hemisphere; and peradventure\r\nTo flee from him, what on this side appears\r\nLeft the place vacant here, and back recoiled.\"\r\n\r\nA place there is below, from Beelzebub\r\nAs far receding as the tomb extends,\r\nWhich not by sight is known, but by the sound\r\n\r\nOf a small rivulet, that there descendeth\r\nThrough chasm within the stone, which it has gnawed\r\nWith course that winds about and slightly falls.\r\n\r\nThe Guide and I into that hidden road\r\nNow entered, to return to the bright world;\r\nAnd without care of having any rest\r\n\r\nWe mounted up, he first and I the second,\r\nTill I beheld through a round aperture\r\nSome of the beauteous things that Heaven doth bear;\r\n\r\nThence we came forth to rebehold the stars.","rendered":"<h2>Canto XXXI<\/h2>\n<p>One and the selfsame tongue first wounded me,<br \/>\nSo that it tinged the one cheek and the other,<br \/>\nAnd then held out to me the medicine;<\/p>\n<p>Thus do I hear that once Achilles&#8217; spear,<br \/>\nHis and his father&#8217;s, used to be the cause<br \/>\nFirst of a sad and then a gracious boon.<\/p>\n<p>We turned our backs upon the wretched valley,<br \/>\nUpon the bank that girds it round about,<br \/>\nGoing across it without any speech.<\/p>\n<p>There it was less than night, and less than day,<br \/>\nSo that my sight went little in advance;<br \/>\nBut I could hear the blare of a loud horn,<\/p>\n<p>So loud it would have made each thunder faint,<br \/>\nWhich, counter to it following its way,<br \/>\nMine eyes directed wholly to one place.<\/p>\n<p>After the dolorous discomfiture<br \/>\nWhen Charlemagne the holy emprise lost,<br \/>\nSo terribly Orlando sounded not.<\/p>\n<p>Short while my head turned thitherward I held<br \/>\nWhen many lofty towers I seemed to see,<br \/>\nWhereat I: &#8220;Master, say, what town is this?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>And he to me: &#8220;Because thou peerest forth<br \/>\nAthwart the darkness at too great a distance,<br \/>\nIt happens that thou errest in thy fancy.<\/p>\n<p>Well shalt thou see, if thou arrivest there,<br \/>\nHow much the sense deceives itself by distance;<br \/>\nTherefore a little faster spur thee on.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Then tenderly he took me by the hand,<br \/>\nAnd said: &#8220;Before we farther have advanced,<br \/>\nThat the reality may seem to thee<\/p>\n<p>Less strange, know that these are not towers, but giants,<br \/>\nAnd they are in the well, around the bank,<br \/>\nFrom navel downward, one and all of them.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>As, when the fog is vanishing away,<br \/>\nLittle by little doth the sight refigure<br \/>\nWhate&#8217;er the mist that crowds the air conceals,<\/p>\n<p>So, piercing through the dense and darksome air,<br \/>\nMore and more near approaching tow&#8217;rd the verge,<br \/>\nMy error fled, and fear came over me;<\/p>\n<p>Because as on its circular parapets<br \/>\nMontereggione crowns itself with towers,<br \/>\nE&#8217;en thus the margin which surrounds the well<\/p>\n<p>With one half of their bodies turreted<br \/>\nThe horrible giants, whom Jove menaces<br \/>\nE&#8217;en now from out the heavens when he thunders.<\/p>\n<p>And I of one already saw the face,<br \/>\nShoulders, and breast, and great part of the belly,<br \/>\nAnd down along his sides both of the arms.<\/p>\n<p>Certainly Nature, when she left the making<br \/>\nOf animals like these, did well indeed,<br \/>\nBy taking such executors from Mars;<\/p>\n<p>And if of elephants and whales she doth not<br \/>\nRepent her, whosoever looketh subtly<br \/>\nMore just and more discreet will hold her for it;<\/p>\n<p>For where the argument of intellect<br \/>\nIs added unto evil will and power,<br \/>\nNo rampart can the people make against it.<\/p>\n<p>His face appeared to me as long and large<br \/>\nAs is at Rome the pine-cone of Saint Peter&#8217;s,<br \/>\nAnd in proportion were the other bones;<\/p>\n<p>So that the margin, which an apron was<br \/>\nDown from the middle, showed so much of him<br \/>\nAbove it, that to reach up to his hair<\/p>\n<p>Three Frieslanders in vain had vaunted them;<br \/>\nFor I beheld thirty great palms of him<br \/>\nDown from the place where man his mantle buckles.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Raphael mai amech izabi almi,&#8221;<br \/>\nBegan to clamour the ferocious mouth,<br \/>\nTo which were not befitting sweeter psalms.<\/p>\n<p>And unto him my Guide: &#8220;Soul idiotic,<br \/>\nKeep to thy horn, and vent thyself with that,<br \/>\nWhen wrath or other passion touches thee.<\/p>\n<p>Search round thy neck, and thou wilt find the belt<br \/>\nWhich keeps it fastened, O bewildered soul,<br \/>\nAnd see it, where it bars thy mighty breast.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Then said to me: &#8220;He doth himself accuse;<br \/>\nThis one is Nimrod, by whose evil thought<br \/>\nOne language in the world is not still used.<\/p>\n<p>Here let us leave him and not speak in vain;<br \/>\nFor even such to him is every language<br \/>\nAs his to others, which to none is known.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Therefore a longer journey did we make,<br \/>\nTurned to the left, and a crossbow-shot oft<br \/>\nWe found another far more fierce and large.<\/p>\n<p>In binding him, who might the master be<br \/>\nI cannot say; but he had pinioned close<br \/>\nBehind the right arm, and in front the other,<\/p>\n<p>With chains, that held him so begirt about<br \/>\nFrom the neck down, that on the part uncovered<br \/>\nIt wound itself as far as the fifth gyre.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;This proud one wished to make experiment<br \/>\nOf his own power against the Supreme Jove,&#8221;<br \/>\nMy Leader said, &#8220;whence he has such a guerdon.<\/p>\n<p>Ephialtes is his name; he showed great prowess.<br \/>\nWhat time the giants terrified the gods;<br \/>\nThe arms he wielded never more he moves.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>And I to him: &#8220;If possible, I should wish<br \/>\nThat of the measureless Briareus<br \/>\nThese eyes of mine might have experience.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Whence he replied: &#8220;Thou shalt behold Antaeus<br \/>\nClose by here, who can speak and is unbound,<br \/>\nWho at the bottom of all crime shall place us.<\/p>\n<p>Much farther yon is he whom thou wouldst see,<br \/>\nAnd he is bound, and fashioned like to this one,<br \/>\nSave that he seems in aspect more ferocious.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>There never was an earthquake of such might<br \/>\nThat it could shake a tower so violently,<br \/>\nAs Ephialtes suddenly shook himself.<\/p>\n<p>Then was I more afraid of death than ever,<br \/>\nFor nothing more was needful than the fear,<br \/>\nIf I had not beheld the manacles.<\/p>\n<p>Then we proceeded farther in advance,<br \/>\nAnd to Antaeus came, who, full five ells<br \/>\nWithout the head, forth issued from the cavern.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;O thou, who in the valley fortunate,<br \/>\nWhich Scipio the heir of glory made,<br \/>\nWhen Hannibal turned back with all his hosts,<\/p>\n<p>Once brought&#8217;st a thousand lions for thy prey,<br \/>\nAnd who, hadst thou been at the mighty war<br \/>\nAmong thy brothers, some it seems still think<\/p>\n<p>The sons of Earth the victory would have gained:<br \/>\nPlace us below, nor be disdainful of it,<br \/>\nThere where the cold doth lock Cocytus up.<\/p>\n<p>Make us not go to Tityus nor Typhoeus;<br \/>\nThis one can give of that which here is longed for;<br \/>\nTherefore stoop down, and do not curl thy lip.<\/p>\n<p>Still in the world can he restore thy fame;<br \/>\nBecause he lives, and still expects long life,<br \/>\nIf to itself Grace call him not untimely.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>So said the Master; and in haste the other<br \/>\nHis hands extended and took up my Guide,&#8211;<br \/>\nHands whose great pressure Hercules once felt.<\/p>\n<p>Virgilius, when he felt himself embraced,<br \/>\nSaid unto me: &#8220;Draw nigh, that I may take thee;&#8221;<br \/>\nThen of himself and me one bundle made.<\/p>\n<p>As seems the Carisenda, to behold<br \/>\nBeneath the leaning side, when goes a cloud<br \/>\nAbove it so that opposite it hangs;<\/p>\n<p>Such did Antaeus seem to me, who stood<br \/>\nWatching to see him stoop, and then it was<br \/>\nI could have wished to go some other way.<\/p>\n<p>But lightly in the abyss, which swallows up<br \/>\nJudas with Lucifer, he put us down;<br \/>\nNor thus bowed downward made he there delay,<\/p>\n<p>But, as a mast does in a ship, uprose.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Canto XXXII<\/h2>\n<p>If I had rhymes both rough and stridulous,<br \/>\nAs were appropriate to the dismal hole<br \/>\nDown upon which thrust all the other rocks,<\/p>\n<p>I would press out the juice of my conception<br \/>\nMore fully; but because I have them not,<br \/>\nNot without fear I bring myself to speak;<\/p>\n<p>For &#8217;tis no enterprise to take in jest,<br \/>\nTo sketch the bottom of all the universe,<br \/>\nNor for a tongue that cries Mamma and Babbo.<\/p>\n<p>But may those Ladies help this verse of mine,<br \/>\nWho helped Amphion in enclosing Thebes,<br \/>\nThat from the fact the word be not diverse.<\/p>\n<p>O rabble ill-begotten above all,<br \/>\nWho&#8217;re in the place to speak of which is hard,<br \/>\n&#8216;Twere better ye had here been sheep or goats!<\/p>\n<p>When we were down within the darksome well,<br \/>\nBeneath the giant&#8217;s feet, but lower far,<br \/>\nAnd I was scanning still the lofty wall,<\/p>\n<p>I heard it said to me: &#8220;Look how thou steppest!<br \/>\nTake heed thou do not trample with thy feet<br \/>\nThe heads of the tired, miserable brothers!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Whereat I turned me round, and saw before me<br \/>\nAnd underfoot a lake, that from the frost<br \/>\nThe semblance had of glass, and not of water.<\/p>\n<p>So thick a veil ne&#8217;er made upon its current<br \/>\nIn winter-time Danube in Austria,<br \/>\nNor there beneath the frigid sky the Don,<\/p>\n<p>As there was here; so that if Tambernich<br \/>\nHad fallen upon it, or Pietrapana,<br \/>\nE&#8217;en at the edge &#8216;twould not have given a creak.<\/p>\n<p>And as to croak the frog doth place himself<br \/>\nWith muzzle out of water,&#8211;when is dreaming<br \/>\nOf gleaning oftentimes the peasant-girl,&#8211;<\/p>\n<p>Livid, as far down as where shame appears,<br \/>\nWere the disconsolate shades within the ice,<br \/>\nSetting their teeth unto the note of storks.<\/p>\n<p>Each one his countenance held downward bent;<br \/>\nFrom mouth the cold, from eyes the doleful heart<br \/>\nAmong them witness of itself procures.<\/p>\n<p>When round about me somewhat I had looked,<br \/>\nI downward turned me, and saw two so close,<br \/>\nThe hair upon their heads together mingled.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Ye who so strain your breasts together, tell me,&#8221;<br \/>\nI said, &#8220;who are you;&#8221; and they bent their necks,<br \/>\nAnd when to me their faces they had lifted,<\/p>\n<p>Their eyes, which first were only moist within,<br \/>\nGushed o&#8217;er the eyelids, and the frost congealed<br \/>\nThe tears between, and locked them up again.<\/p>\n<p>Clamp never bound together wood with wood<br \/>\nSo strongly; whereat they, like two he-goats,<br \/>\nButted together, so much wrath o&#8217;ercame them.<\/p>\n<p>And one, who had by reason of the cold<br \/>\nLost both his ears, still with his visage downward,<br \/>\nSaid: &#8220;Why dost thou so mirror thyself in us?<\/p>\n<p>If thou desire to know who these two are,<br \/>\nThe valley whence Bisenzio descends<br \/>\nBelonged to them and to their father Albert.<\/p>\n<p>They from one body came, and all Caina<br \/>\nThou shalt search through, and shalt not find a shade<br \/>\nMore worthy to be fixed in gelatine;<\/p>\n<p>Not he in whom were broken breast and shadow<br \/>\nAt one and the same blow by Arthur&#8217;s hand;<br \/>\nFocaccia not; not he who me encumbers<\/p>\n<p>So with his head I see no farther forward,<br \/>\nAnd bore the name of Sassol Mascheroni;<br \/>\nWell knowest thou who he was, if thou art Tuscan.<\/p>\n<p>And that thou put me not to further speech,<br \/>\nKnow that I Camicion de&#8217; Pazzi was,<br \/>\nAnd wait Carlino to exonerate me.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Then I beheld a thousand faces, made<br \/>\nPurple with cold; whence o&#8217;er me comes a shudder,<br \/>\nAnd evermore will come, at frozen ponds.<\/p>\n<p>And while we were advancing tow&#8217;rds the middle,<br \/>\nWhere everything of weight unites together,<br \/>\nAnd I was shivering in the eternal shade,<\/p>\n<p>Whether &#8217;twere will, or destiny, or chance,<br \/>\nI know not; but in walking &#8216;mong the heads<br \/>\nI struck my foot hard in the face of one.<\/p>\n<p>Weeping he growled: &#8220;Why dost thou trample me?<br \/>\nUnless thou comest to increase the vengeance<br \/>\nof Montaperti, why dost thou molest me?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>And I: &#8220;My Master, now wait here for me,<br \/>\nThat I through him may issue from a doubt;<br \/>\nThen thou mayst hurry me, as thou shalt wish.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The Leader stopped; and to that one I said<br \/>\nWho was blaspheming vehemently still:<br \/>\n&#8220;Who art thou, that thus reprehendest others?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Now who art thou, that goest through Antenora<br \/>\nSmiting,&#8221; replied he, &#8220;other people&#8217;s cheeks,<br \/>\nSo that, if thou wert living, &#8217;twere too much?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Living I am, and dear to thee it may be,&#8221;<br \/>\nWas my response, &#8220;if thou demandest fame,<br \/>\nThat &#8216;mid the other notes thy name I place.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>And he to me: &#8220;For the reverse I long;<br \/>\nTake thyself hence, and give me no more trouble;<br \/>\nFor ill thou knowest to flatter in this hollow.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Then by the scalp behind I seized upon him,<br \/>\nAnd said: &#8220;It must needs be thou name thyself,<br \/>\nOr not a hair remain upon thee here.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Whence he to me: &#8220;Though thou strip off my hair,<br \/>\nI will not tell thee who I am, nor show thee,<br \/>\nIf on my head a thousand times thou fall.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>I had his hair in hand already twisted,<br \/>\nAnd more than one shock of it had pulled out,<br \/>\nHe barking, with his eyes held firmly down,<\/p>\n<p>When cried another: &#8220;What doth ail thee, Bocca?<br \/>\nIs&#8217;t not enough to clatter with thy jaws,<br \/>\nBut thou must bark? what devil touches thee?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Now,&#8221; said I, &#8220;I care not to have thee speak,<br \/>\nAccursed traitor; for unto thy shame<br \/>\nI will report of thee veracious news.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Begone,&#8221; replied he, &#8220;and tell what thou wilt,<br \/>\nBut be not silent, if thou issue hence,<br \/>\nOf him who had just now his tongue so prompt;<\/p>\n<p>He weepeth here the silver of the French;<br \/>\n&#8216;I saw,&#8217; thus canst thou phrase it, &#8216;him of Duera<br \/>\nThere where the sinners stand out in the cold.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>If thou shouldst questioned be who else was there,<br \/>\nThou hast beside thee him of Beccaria,<br \/>\nOf whom the gorget Florence slit asunder;<\/p>\n<p>Gianni del Soldanier, I think, may be<br \/>\nYonder with Ganellon, and Tebaldello<br \/>\nWho oped Faenza when the people slep.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Already we had gone away from him,<br \/>\nWhen I beheld two frozen in one hole,<br \/>\nSo that one head a hood was to the other;<\/p>\n<p>And even as bread through hunger is devoured,<br \/>\nThe uppermost on the other set his teeth,<br \/>\nThere where the brain is to the nape united.<\/p>\n<p>Not in another fashion Tydeus gnawed<br \/>\nThe temples of Menalippus in disdain,<br \/>\nThan that one did the skull and the other things.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;O thou, who showest by such bestial sign<br \/>\nThy hatred against him whom thou art eating,<br \/>\nTell me the wherefore,&#8221; said I, &#8220;with this compact,<\/p>\n<p>That if thou rightfully of him complain,<br \/>\nIn knowing who ye are, and his transgression,<br \/>\nI in the world above repay thee for it,<\/p>\n<p>If that wherewith I speak be not dried up.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Canto XXXIII<\/h2>\n<p>His mouth uplifted from his grim repast,<br \/>\nThat sinner, wiping it upon the hair<br \/>\nOf the same head that he behind had wasted.<\/p>\n<p>Then he began: &#8220;Thou wilt that I renew<br \/>\nThe desperate grief, which wrings my heart already<br \/>\nTo think of only, ere I speak of it;<\/p>\n<p>But if my words be seed that may bear fruit<br \/>\nOf infamy to the traitor whom I gnaw,<br \/>\nSpeaking and weeping shalt thou see together.<\/p>\n<p>I know not who thou art, nor by what mode<br \/>\nThou hast come down here; but a Florentine<br \/>\nThou seemest to me truly, when I hear thee.<\/p>\n<p>Thou hast to know I was Count Ugolino,<br \/>\nAnd this one was Ruggieri the Archbishop;<br \/>\nNow I will tell thee why I am such a neighbour.<\/p>\n<p>That, by effect of his malicious thoughts,<br \/>\nTrusting in him I was made prisoner,<br \/>\nAnd after put to death, I need not say;<\/p>\n<p>But ne&#8217;ertheless what thou canst not have heard,<br \/>\nThat is to say, how cruel was my death,<br \/>\nHear shalt thou, and shalt know if he has wronged me.<\/p>\n<p>A narrow perforation in the mew,<br \/>\nWhich bears because of me the title of Famine,<br \/>\nAnd in which others still must be locked up,<\/p>\n<p>Had shown me through its opening many moons<br \/>\nAlready, when I dreamed the evil dream<br \/>\nWhich of the future rent for me the veil.<\/p>\n<p>This one appeared to me as lord and master,<br \/>\nHunting the wolf and whelps upon the mountain<br \/>\nFor which the Pisans cannot Lucca see.<\/p>\n<p>With sleuth-hounds gaunt, and eager, and well trained,<br \/>\nGualandi with Sismondi and Lanfranchi<br \/>\nHe had sent out before him to the front.<\/p>\n<p>After brief course seemed unto me forespent<br \/>\nThe father and the sons, and with sharp tushes<br \/>\nIt seemed to me I saw their flanks ripped open.<\/p>\n<p>When I before the morrow was awake,<br \/>\nMoaning amid their sleep I heard my sons<br \/>\nWho with me were, and asking after bread.<\/p>\n<p>Cruel indeed art thou, if yet thou grieve not,<br \/>\nThinking of what my heart foreboded me,<br \/>\nAnd weep&#8217;st thou not, what art thou wont to weep at?<\/p>\n<p>They were awake now, and the hour drew nigh<br \/>\nAt which our food used to be brought to us,<br \/>\nAnd through his dream was each one apprehensive;<\/p>\n<p>And I heard locking up the under door<br \/>\nOf the horrible tower; whereat without a word<br \/>\nI gazed into the faces of my sons.<\/p>\n<p>I wept not, I within so turned to stone;<br \/>\nThey wept; and darling little Anselm mine<br \/>\nSaid: &#8216;Thou dost gaze so, father, what doth ail thee?&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>Still not a tear I shed, nor answer made<br \/>\nAll of that day, nor yet the night thereafter,<br \/>\nUntil another sun rose on the world.<\/p>\n<p>As now a little glimmer made its way<br \/>\nInto the dolorous prison, and I saw<br \/>\nUpon four faces my own very aspect,<\/p>\n<p>Both of my hands in agony I bit;<br \/>\nAnd, thinking that I did it from desire<br \/>\nOf eating, on a sudden they uprose,<\/p>\n<p>And said they: &#8216;Father, much less pain &#8217;twill give us<br \/>\nIf thou do eat of us; thyself didst clothe us<br \/>\nWith this poor flesh, and do thou strip it off.&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>I calmed me then, not to make them more sad.<br \/>\nThat day we all were silent, and the next.<br \/>\nAh! obdurate earth, wherefore didst thou not open?<\/p>\n<p>When we had come unto the fourth day, Gaddo<br \/>\nThrew himself down outstretched before my feet,<br \/>\nSaying, &#8216;My father, why dost thou not help me?&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>And there he died; and, as thou seest me,<br \/>\nI saw the three fall, one by one, between<br \/>\nThe fifth day and the sixth; whence I betook me,<\/p>\n<p>Already blind, to groping over each,<br \/>\nAnd three days called them after they were dead;<br \/>\nThen hunger did what sorrow could not do.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>When he had said this, with his eyes distorted,<br \/>\nThe wretched skull resumed he with his teeth,<br \/>\nWhich, as a dog&#8217;s, upon the bone were strong.<\/p>\n<p>Ah! Pisa, thou opprobrium of the people<br \/>\nOf the fair land there where the &#8216;S\u00ec&#8217; doth sound,<br \/>\nSince slow to punish thee thy neighbours are,<\/p>\n<p>Let the Capraia and Gorgona move,<br \/>\nAnd make a hedge across the mouth of Arno<br \/>\nThat every person in thee it may drown!<\/p>\n<p>For if Count Ugolino had the fame<br \/>\nOf having in thy castles thee betrayed,<br \/>\nThou shouldst not on such cross have put his sons.<\/p>\n<p>Guiltless of any crime, thou modern Thebes!<br \/>\nTheir youth made Uguccione and Brigata,<br \/>\nAnd the other two my song doth name above!<\/p>\n<p>We passed still farther onward, where the ice<br \/>\nAnother people ruggedly enswathes,<br \/>\nNot downward turned, but all of them reversed.<\/p>\n<p>Weeping itself there does not let them weep,<br \/>\nAnd grief that finds a barrier in the eyes<br \/>\nTurns itself inward to increase the anguish;<\/p>\n<p>Because the earliest tears a cluster form,<br \/>\nAnd, in the manner of a crystal visor,<br \/>\nFill all the cup beneath the eyebrow full.<\/p>\n<p>And notwithstanding that, as in a callus,<br \/>\nBecause of cold all sensibility<br \/>\nIts station had abandoned in my face,<\/p>\n<p>Still it appeared to me I felt some wind;<br \/>\nWhence I: &#8220;My Master, who sets this in motion?<br \/>\nIs not below here every vapour quenched?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Whence he to me: &#8220;Full soon shalt thou be where<br \/>\nThine eye shall answer make to thee of this,<br \/>\nSeeing the cause which raineth down the blast.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>And one of the wretches of the frozen crust<br \/>\nCried out to us: &#8220;O souls so merciless<br \/>\nThat the last post is given unto you,<\/p>\n<p>Lift from mine eyes the rigid veils, that I<br \/>\nMay vent the sorrow which impregns my heart<br \/>\nA little, e&#8217;er the weeping recongeal.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Whence I to him: &#8220;If thou wouldst have me help thee<br \/>\nSay who thou wast; and if I free thee not,<br \/>\nMay I go to the bottom of the ice.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Then he replied: &#8220;I am Friar Alberigo;<br \/>\nHe am I of the fruit of the bad garden,<br \/>\nWho here a date am getting for my fig.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;O,&#8221; said I to him, &#8220;now art thou, too, dead?&#8221;<br \/>\nAnd he to me: &#8220;How may my body fare<br \/>\nUp in the world, no knowledge I possess.<\/p>\n<p>Such an advantage has this Ptolomaea,<br \/>\nThat oftentimes the soul descendeth here<br \/>\nSooner than Atropos in motion sets it.<\/p>\n<p>And, that thou mayest more willingly remove<br \/>\nFrom off my countenance these glassy tears,<br \/>\nKnow that as soon as any soul betrays<\/p>\n<p>As I have done, his body by a demon<br \/>\nIs taken from him, who thereafter rules it,<br \/>\nUntil his time has wholly been revolved.<\/p>\n<p>Itself down rushes into such a cistern;<br \/>\nAnd still perchance above appears the body<br \/>\nOf yonder shade, that winters here behind me.<\/p>\n<p>This thou shouldst know, if thou hast just come down;<br \/>\nIt is Ser Branca d&#8217; Oria, and many years<br \/>\nHave passed away since he was thus locked up.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;I think,&#8221; said I to him, &#8220;thou dost deceive me;<br \/>\nFor Branca d&#8217; Oria is not dead as yet,<br \/>\nAnd eats, and drinks, and sleeps, and puts on clothes.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;In moat above,&#8221; said he, &#8220;of Malebranche,<br \/>\nThere where is boiling the tenacious pitch,<br \/>\nAs yet had Michel Zanche not arrived,<\/p>\n<p>When this one left a devil in his stead<br \/>\nIn his own body and one near of kin,<br \/>\nWho made together with him the betrayal.<\/p>\n<p>But hitherward stretch out thy hand forthwith,<br \/>\nOpen mine eyes;&#8221;&#8211;and open them I did not,<br \/>\nAnd to be rude to him was courtesy.<\/p>\n<p>Ah, Genoese! ye men at variance<br \/>\nWith every virtue, full of every vice<br \/>\nWherefore are ye not scattered from the world?<\/p>\n<p>For with the vilest spirit of Romagna<br \/>\nI found of you one such, who for his deeds<br \/>\nIn soul already in Cocytus bathes,<\/p>\n<p>And still above in body seems alive!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Canto XXXIV<\/h2>\n<p>&#8220;&#8216;Vexilla Regis prodeunt Inferni&#8217;<br \/>\nTowards us; therefore look in front of thee,&#8221;<br \/>\nMy Master said, &#8220;if thou discernest him.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>As, when there breathes a heavy fog, or when<br \/>\nOur hemisphere is darkening into night,<br \/>\nAppears far off a mill the wind is turning,<\/p>\n<p>Methought that such a building then I saw;<br \/>\nAnd, for the wind, I drew myself behind<br \/>\nMy Guide, because there was no other shelter.<\/p>\n<p>Now was I, and with fear in verse I put it,<br \/>\nThere where the shades were wholly covered up,<br \/>\nAnd glimmered through like unto straws in glass.<\/p>\n<p>Some prone are lying, others stand erect,<br \/>\nThis with the head, and that one with the soles;<br \/>\nAnother, bow-like, face to feet inverts.<\/p>\n<p>When in advance so far we had proceeded,<br \/>\nThat it my Master pleased to show to me<br \/>\nThe creature who once had the beauteous semblance,<\/p>\n<p>He from before me moved and made me stop,<br \/>\nSaying: &#8220;Behold Dis, and behold the place<br \/>\nWhere thou with fortitude must arm thyself.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>How frozen I became and powerless then,<br \/>\nAsk it not, Reader, for I write it not,<br \/>\nBecause all language would be insufficient.<\/p>\n<p>I did not die, and I alive remained not;<br \/>\nThink for thyself now, hast thou aught of wit,<br \/>\nWhat I became, being of both deprived.<\/p>\n<p>The Emperor of the kingdom dolorous<br \/>\nFrom his mid-breast forth issued from the ice;<br \/>\nAnd better with a giant I compare<\/p>\n<p>Than do the giants with those arms of his;<br \/>\nConsider now how great must be that whole,<br \/>\nWhich unto such a part conforms itself.<\/p>\n<p>Were he as fair once, as he now is foul,<br \/>\nAnd lifted up his brow against his Maker,<br \/>\nWell may proceed from him all tribulation.<\/p>\n<p>O, what a marvel it appeared to me,<br \/>\nWhen I beheld three faces on his head!<br \/>\nThe one in front, and that vermilion was;<\/p>\n<p>Two were the others, that were joined with this<br \/>\nAbove the middle part of either shoulder,<br \/>\nAnd they were joined together at the crest;<\/p>\n<p>And the right-hand one seemed &#8216;twixt white and yellow;<br \/>\nThe left was such to look upon as those<br \/>\nWho come from where the Nile falls valley-ward.<\/p>\n<p>Underneath each came forth two mighty wings,<br \/>\nSuch as befitting were so great a bird;<br \/>\nSails of the sea I never saw so large.<\/p>\n<p>No feathers had they, but as of a bat<br \/>\nTheir fashion was; and he was waving them,<br \/>\nSo that three winds proceeded forth therefrom.<\/p>\n<p>Thereby Cocytus wholly was congealed.<br \/>\nWith six eyes did he weep, and down three chins<br \/>\nTrickled the tear-drops and the bloody drivel.<\/p>\n<p>At every mouth he with his teeth was crunching<br \/>\nA sinner, in the manner of a brake,<br \/>\nSo that he three of them tormented thus.<\/p>\n<p>To him in front the biting was as naught<br \/>\nUnto the clawing, for sometimes the spine<br \/>\nUtterly stripped of all the skin remained.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;That soul up there which has the greatest pain,&#8221;<br \/>\nThe Master said, &#8220;is Judas Iscariot;<br \/>\nWith head inside, he plies his legs without.<\/p>\n<p>Of the two others, who head downward are,<br \/>\nThe one who hangs from the black jowl is Brutus;<br \/>\nSee how he writhes himself, and speaks no word.<\/p>\n<p>And the other, who so stalwart seems, is Cassius.<br \/>\nBut night is reascending, and &#8217;tis time<br \/>\nThat we depart, for we have seen the whole.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>As seemed him good, I clasped him round the neck,<br \/>\nAnd he the vantage seized of time and place,<br \/>\nAnd when the wings were opened wide apart,<\/p>\n<p>He laid fast hold upon the shaggy sides;<br \/>\nFrom fell to fell descended downward then<br \/>\nBetween the thick hair and the frozen crust.<\/p>\n<p>When we were come to where the thigh revolves<br \/>\nExactly on the thickness of the haunch,<br \/>\nThe Guide, with labour and with hard-drawn breath,<\/p>\n<p>Turned round his head where he had had his legs,<br \/>\nAnd grappled to the hair, as one who mounts,<br \/>\nSo that to Hell I thought we were returning.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Keep fast thy hold, for by such stairs as these,&#8221;<br \/>\nThe Master said, panting as one fatigued,<br \/>\n&#8220;Must we perforce depart from so much evil.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Then through the opening of a rock he issued,<br \/>\nAnd down upon the margin seated me;<br \/>\nThen tow&#8217;rds me he outstretched his wary step.<\/p>\n<p>I lifted up mine eyes and thought to see<br \/>\nLucifer in the same way I had left him;<br \/>\nAnd I beheld him upward hold his legs.<\/p>\n<p>And if I then became disquieted,<br \/>\nLet stolid people think who do not see<br \/>\nWhat the point is beyond which I had passed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Rise up,&#8221; the Master said, &#8220;upon thy feet;<br \/>\nThe way is long, and difficult the road,<br \/>\nAnd now the sun to middle-tierce returns.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>It was not any palace corridor<br \/>\nThere where we were, but dungeon natural,<br \/>\nWith floor uneven and unease of light.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Ere from the abyss I tear myself away,<br \/>\nMy Master,&#8221; said I when I had arisen,<br \/>\n&#8220;To draw me from an error speak a little;<\/p>\n<p>Where is the ice? and how is this one fixed<br \/>\nThus upside down? and how in such short time<br \/>\nFrom eve to morn has the sun made his transit?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>And he to me: &#8220;Thou still imaginest<br \/>\nThou art beyond the centre, where I grasped<br \/>\nThe hair of the fell worm, who mines the world.<\/p>\n<p>That side thou wast, so long as I descended;<br \/>\nWhen round I turned me, thou didst pass the point<br \/>\nTo which things heavy draw from every side,<\/p>\n<p>And now beneath the hemisphere art come<br \/>\nOpposite that which overhangs the vast<br \/>\nDry-land, and &#8216;neath whose cope was put to death<\/p>\n<p>The Man who without sin was born and lived.<br \/>\nThou hast thy feet upon the little sphere<br \/>\nWhich makes the other face of the Judecca.<\/p>\n<p>Here it is morn when it is evening there;<br \/>\nAnd he who with his hair a stairway made us<br \/>\nStill fixed remaineth as he was before.<\/p>\n<p>Upon this side he fell down out of heaven;<br \/>\nAnd all the land, that whilom here emerged,<br \/>\nFor fear of him made of the sea a veil,<\/p>\n<p>And came to our hemisphere; and peradventure<br \/>\nTo flee from him, what on this side appears<br \/>\nLeft the place vacant here, and back recoiled.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>A place there is below, from Beelzebub<br \/>\nAs far receding as the tomb extends,<br \/>\nWhich not by sight is known, but by the sound<\/p>\n<p>Of a small rivulet, that there descendeth<br \/>\nThrough chasm within the stone, which it has gnawed<br \/>\nWith course that winds about and slightly falls.<\/p>\n<p>The Guide and I into that hidden road<br \/>\nNow entered, to return to the bright world;<br \/>\nAnd without care of having any rest<\/p>\n<p>We mounted up, he first and I the second,<br \/>\nTill I beheld through a round aperture<br \/>\nSome of the beauteous things that Heaven doth bear;<\/p>\n<p>Thence we came forth to rebehold the stars.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-188\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>The Divine Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto XXXI. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Dante Alighieri. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Translator. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/The_Divine_Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto_XXXI\">https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/The_Divine_Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto_XXXI<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>The Divine Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto XXXI. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Dante Alighieri. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Translator. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/The_Divine_Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto_XXXI\">https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/The_Divine_Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto_XXXI<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>The Divine Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto XXXIII. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Dante Alighieri. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Translator. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/The_Divine_Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto_XXXIII\">https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/The_Divine_Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto_XXXIII<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>The Divine Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto XXXIV. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Dante Alighieri. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Translator. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/The_Divine_Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto_XXXIV\">https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/The_Divine_Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto_XXXIV<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":19,"menu_order":10,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"The Divine Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto XXXI\",\"author\":\"Dante Alighieri\",\"organization\":\"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Translator\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/The_Divine_Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto_XXXI\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"The Divine Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto XXXI\",\"author\":\"Dante Alighieri\",\"organization\":\"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Translator\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/The_Divine_Comedy\/Inferno\/Canto_XXXI\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"The Divine 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