{"id":104,"date":"2017-07-20T16:29:03","date_gmt":"2017-07-20T16:29:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geneseo-styleguide2\/chapter\/ending-punctuation\/"},"modified":"2017-07-20T16:29:03","modified_gmt":"2017-07-20T16:29:03","slug":"ending-punctuation","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geneseo-styleguide2\/chapter\/ending-punctuation\/","title":{"raw":"Ending Punctuation","rendered":"Ending Punctuation"},"content":{"raw":"<p>There are three common punctuation marks that come at the end of a sentence: the period (\u00a0.\u00a0), the question mark (\u00a0?\u00a0), and the exclamation point (\u00a0!\u00a0). A sentence is always followed by a single space, no matter what the concluding punctuation is.\n<\/p><h2>Periods<\/h2>\n<img class=\"alignright wp-image-1580\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2232\/2017\/07\/20162855\/period-1024x431.png\" alt=\"The word period, followed by a period.\" width=\"200\"\/>Periods indicate a neutral sentence, and as such are\u00a0by far the most common ending punctuation mark. They've been at the end of every sentence on this page so far.\n<h2>Question Marks<\/h2>\n<img class=\"alignright wp-image-2937\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2232\/2017\/07\/20162858\/question-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"An icon showing a question mark\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\"\/>A question mark comes at the end of a question. A question is\u00a0a request for information. The information requested should be provided in the form of an answer.\n\nA rhetorical question is asked to make a point, and does not expect an answer (often the answer is implied or obvious). Some questions are used principally as polite requests (e.g.,\u00a0\"Would you pass the salt?\").\n\nAll of these questions can be categorized as direct\u00a0questions, and all of these questions require a question mark at their ends.\n<h3>Indirect Questions<\/h3>\nIndirect questions\u00a0can be used in many of the same ways as direct\u00a0ones, but they often emphasize knowledge or lack of knowledge:\n<ul><li>I can't guess <b>how Tamika\u00a0managed it<\/b>.<\/li>\n \t<li>I wonder <b>whether I looked that bad<\/b>.<\/li>\n \t<li>Cecil\u00a0asked <b>where the reports\u00a0were<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nSuch clauses correspond to <b>direct questions<\/b>, which are questions actually asked. The direct questions corresponding to the examples above are <i>How did Tamika manage it? Did I look that bad? Where are the reports?<\/i> Notice how different word order\u00a0is used in direct and indirect questions: in direct questions the verb usually comes before the subject, while indirect questions the verb appears second. Additionally, question marks should not be used at the end of indirect questions.\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\nAre the following sentences declarative or indirect sentences?\u00a0Which need a question mark at the end?\n<ol><li>Jackie\u00a0wondered where her\u00a0keys\u00a0were<\/li>\n \t<li>Can you pass the butter<\/li>\n \t<li>Is anyone here<\/li>\n \t<li>She asked\u00a0how you were doing<\/li>\n \t<li>Why won't you admit I'm right<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n[reveal-answer q=\"224777\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\n[hidden-answer a=\"224777\"]\n<ol><li>Indirect; no question mark<\/li>\n \t<li>Declarative; <em>Can you pass the butter?<\/em><\/li>\n \t<li>Declarative; <em>Is anyone here?<\/em><\/li>\n \t<li>Indirect; no question mark<\/li>\n \t<li>Declarative; <em>Why won't you admit I'm right?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n[\/hidden-answer]\n\n<\/div>\n<h2>Exclamation Points<\/h2>\n<img class=\"alignright wp-image-2938\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2232\/2017\/07\/20162902\/exclamation-1024x1018.png\" alt=\"an icon showing an exclamation point in its center.\" width=\"200\" height=\"199\"\/>The exclamation point is a punctuation mark usually used after an interjection or exclamation to indicate strong feelings or high volume, and often marks the end of a sentence.\u00a0You've likely seen this overused on the internet:\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">!!!!!! I'm jUST SO!!!!!!<\/p>\nWhile this kind of statement is excessive, there are appropriate ways to use exclamation points. A sentence ending in an exclamation mark may be an exclamation (such as \"Wow!\" or \"Boo!\"), or an imperative (\"Stop!\"), or may indicate astonishment: \"They were the footprints of a gigantic duck!\" Exclamation marks are occasionally placed mid-sentence with a function similar to a comma, for dramatic effect, although this usage is rare: \"On the walk, oh! there was a frightful noise.\"\n\nInformally, exclamation marks may be repeated for additional emphasis (\"That's great!!!\"), but this practice is generally considered only acceptable in casual or informal writing, such as text messages or online communication with friends and family.\n\nThe exclamation mark is sometimes used in conjunction with the question mark. This can be in protest or astonishment (\"Out of all places, the water-hole?!\").<sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"\/>\n\nOverly frequent use of the exclamation mark is generally considered poor writing, as\u00a0it distracts the reader and devalues the mark's significance.\n<blockquote>\n<div>Cut out all these exclamation points.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0. An exclamation point is like laughing at your own joke.\n\u2014\u2009F. Scott Fitzgerald<\/div><\/blockquote>\nSome authors, however, most notably Tom Wolfe and Madison Acampora, are known for unashamedly liberal use of the exclamation mark. In comic books, the very frequent use of exclamation mark is common.\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\nAre exclamation points used appropriately in these sentences? Explain why or why not.\n<ol><li>Wow! Simone gave each of her friends fifty dollars!<\/li>\n \t<li>Is it too much if I send a text that says, \"Hey!!! I loved the play last night!!!!!\"?<\/li>\n \t<li>Juanita fell down the stairs!<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n[practice-area rows=\"4\"][\/practice-area]\n[reveal-answer q=\"621098\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\n[hidden-answer a=\"621098\"]\n<ol><li>The exclamation point after \"Wow\" is appropriate, but the exclamation point at the end is likely unneeded or redundant, unless you're writing in an informal situation.<\/li>\n \t<li>While there's a lot of punctuation, the sentence is technically correct. However, if someone was asking you if there was too much punctuation, you may want to advise them away from that many exclamation points.<\/li>\n \t<li>While the exclamation point may be appropriate in some contexts\u2014if Juanita is normally graceful, or if Juanita had already fallen down several times that day\u2014in most cases, this sentence should just end with a period.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n[\/hidden-answer]\n\n<\/div>","rendered":"<p>There are three common punctuation marks that come at the end of a sentence: the period (\u00a0.\u00a0), the question mark (\u00a0?\u00a0), and the exclamation point (\u00a0!\u00a0). A sentence is always followed by a single space, no matter what the concluding punctuation is.\n<\/p>\n<h2>Periods<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1580\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2232\/2017\/07\/20162855\/period-1024x431.png\" alt=\"The word period, followed by a period.\" width=\"200\" \/>Periods indicate a neutral sentence, and as such are\u00a0by far the most common ending punctuation mark. They&#8217;ve been at the end of every sentence on this page so far.<\/p>\n<h2>Question Marks<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2937\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2232\/2017\/07\/20162858\/question-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"An icon showing a question mark\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/>A question mark comes at the end of a question. A question is\u00a0a request for information. The information requested should be provided in the form of an answer.<\/p>\n<p>A rhetorical question is asked to make a point, and does not expect an answer (often the answer is implied or obvious). Some questions are used principally as polite requests (e.g.,\u00a0&#8220;Would you pass the salt?&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>All of these questions can be categorized as direct\u00a0questions, and all of these questions require a question mark at their ends.<\/p>\n<h3>Indirect Questions<\/h3>\n<p>Indirect questions\u00a0can be used in many of the same ways as direct\u00a0ones, but they often emphasize knowledge or lack of knowledge:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I can&#8217;t guess <b>how Tamika\u00a0managed it<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>I wonder <b>whether I looked that bad<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>Cecil\u00a0asked <b>where the reports\u00a0were<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Such clauses correspond to <b>direct questions<\/b>, which are questions actually asked. The direct questions corresponding to the examples above are <i>How did Tamika manage it? Did I look that bad? Where are the reports?<\/i> Notice how different word order\u00a0is used in direct and indirect questions: in direct questions the verb usually comes before the subject, while indirect questions the verb appears second. Additionally, question marks should not be used at the end of indirect questions.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p>Are the following sentences declarative or indirect sentences?\u00a0Which need a question mark at the end?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Jackie\u00a0wondered where her\u00a0keys\u00a0were<\/li>\n<li>Can you pass the butter<\/li>\n<li>Is anyone here<\/li>\n<li>She asked\u00a0how you were doing<\/li>\n<li>Why won&#8217;t you admit I&#8217;m right<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q224777\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q224777\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li>Indirect; no question mark<\/li>\n<li>Declarative; <em>Can you pass the butter?<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Declarative; <em>Is anyone here?<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Indirect; no question mark<\/li>\n<li>Declarative; <em>Why won&#8217;t you admit I&#8217;m right?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Exclamation Points<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2938\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2232\/2017\/07\/20162902\/exclamation-1024x1018.png\" alt=\"an icon showing an exclamation point in its center.\" width=\"200\" height=\"199\" \/>The exclamation point is a punctuation mark usually used after an interjection or exclamation to indicate strong feelings or high volume, and often marks the end of a sentence.\u00a0You&#8217;ve likely seen this overused on the internet:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">!!!!!! I&#8217;m jUST SO!!!!!!<\/p>\n<p>While this kind of statement is excessive, there are appropriate ways to use exclamation points. A sentence ending in an exclamation mark may be an exclamation (such as &#8220;Wow!&#8221; or &#8220;Boo!&#8221;), or an imperative (&#8220;Stop!&#8221;), or may indicate astonishment: &#8220;They were the footprints of a gigantic duck!&#8221; Exclamation marks are occasionally placed mid-sentence with a function similar to a comma, for dramatic effect, although this usage is rare: &#8220;On the walk, oh! there was a frightful noise.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Informally, exclamation marks may be repeated for additional emphasis (&#8220;That&#8217;s great!!!&#8221;), but this practice is generally considered only acceptable in casual or informal writing, such as text messages or online communication with friends and family.<\/p>\n<p>The exclamation mark is sometimes used in conjunction with the question mark. This can be in protest or astonishment (&#8220;Out of all places, the water-hole?!&#8221;).<sup id=\"cite_ref-15\" class=\"reference\"><\/p>\n<p>Overly frequent use of the exclamation mark is generally considered poor writing, as\u00a0it distracts the reader and devalues the mark&#8217;s significance.<\/p>\n<p>Cut out all these exclamation points.\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0. An exclamation point is like laughing at your own joke.<br \/>\n\u2014\u2009F. Scott Fitzgerald<br \/>\nSome authors, however, most notably Tom Wolfe and Madison Acampora, are known for unashamedly liberal use of the exclamation mark. In comic books, the very frequent use of exclamation mark is common.<\/p>\n<p>Practice<br \/>\nAre exclamation points used appropriately in these sentences? Explain why or why not.<br \/>\nWow! Simone gave each of her friends fifty dollars!<br \/>\n \tIs it too much if I send a text that says, &#8220;Hey!!! I loved the play last night!!!!!&#8221;?<br \/>\n \tJuanita fell down the stairs!<\/p>\n<p><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q621098\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q621098\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\nThe exclamation point after &#8220;Wow&#8221; is appropriate, but the exclamation point at the end is likely unneeded or redundant, unless you&#8217;re writing in an informal situation.<br \/>\n \tWhile there&#8217;s a lot of punctuation, the sentence is technically correct. However, if someone was asking you if there was too much punctuation, you may want to advise them away from that many exclamation points.<br \/>\n \tWhile the exclamation point may be appropriate in some contexts\u2014if Juanita is normally graceful, or if Juanita had already fallen down several times that day\u2014in most cases, this sentence should just end with a period.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-104\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Text: Periods. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Revision and Adaptation of Wikipedia content. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Original Icons. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Question. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Question\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Question<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Content clause. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Content_clause#Interrogative_content_clauses\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Content_clause#Interrogative_content_clauses<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Exclamation mark. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exclamation_mark\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exclamation_mark<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t 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