{"id":434,"date":"2015-09-15T21:53:31","date_gmt":"2015-09-15T21:53:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/geophysical\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=434"},"modified":"2017-04-19T21:47:27","modified_gmt":"2017-04-19T21:47:27","slug":"introduction-to-the-universe","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geophysical\/chapter\/introduction-to-the-universe\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to the Universe","rendered":"Introduction to the Universe"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<strong>This chapter has several\u00a0goals and objectives:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Understand the scientific ideas of how the universe formed and is expanding<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Compare and contrast the difference and similarities between dark matter and dark energy<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe star systems and the various types of galaxies<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain the phenomenal power within stars<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Classifying and measuring distant stars<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<img class=\"galleryImageBorder wsite-image alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/567\/2015\/05\/21152625\/469125180.jpg\" alt=\"A pair of galaxies, one spiral and the other irregularly shaped. The edges of the spiral galaxy appear to be reaching toward the second galaxy.\" width=\"378\" height=\"262\" \/>The Whirlpool Galaxy, also known as M51, is a spiral galaxy about 23 million light-years from Earth. Its interactions with the yellowish dwarf galaxy NGC 5195 are of interest to astronomers because the galaxies are near enough to Earth to be well-studied.Decades ago astronomers could not tell if these two galaxies were just passing each other but radio astronomy has supplied astronomers with important data outlining their interactions. Using this data, astronomers have simulated the interaction. NGC 5195 came from behind and then passed through the main disk of M51 about 500 to 600 million years ago. The dwarf galaxy crossed the disk again between 50 and 100 million years ago and is now slightly behind M51. These interactions appear to have intensified the spiral arms that are the dominant characteristic of the Whirlpool Galaxy. Astronomers are able to learn about objects unimaginably far away from Earth using telescopes that sense all wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum. Imagine what Galileo would do if he could see the images and data astronomers have available to them now.\u00a0The study of the universe is called <strong>cosmology<\/strong>. <strong> Cosmologists <\/strong>study the structure and changes in the present universe. The universe contains all of the star systems, galaxies, gas and dust, plus all the matter and energy that exists now, that existed in the past, and that will exist in the future. The universe includes all of space and time.","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<p><strong>This chapter has several\u00a0goals and objectives:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Understand the scientific ideas of how the universe formed and is expanding<\/li>\n<li>Compare and contrast the difference and similarities between dark matter and dark energy<\/li>\n<li>Describe star systems and the various types of galaxies<\/li>\n<li>Explain the phenomenal power within stars<\/li>\n<li>Classifying and measuring distant stars<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"galleryImageBorder wsite-image alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/567\/2015\/05\/21152625\/469125180.jpg\" alt=\"A pair of galaxies, one spiral and the other irregularly shaped. The edges of the spiral galaxy appear to be reaching toward the second galaxy.\" width=\"378\" height=\"262\" \/>The Whirlpool Galaxy, also known as M51, is a spiral galaxy about 23 million light-years from Earth. Its interactions with the yellowish dwarf galaxy NGC 5195 are of interest to astronomers because the galaxies are near enough to Earth to be well-studied.Decades ago astronomers could not tell if these two galaxies were just passing each other but radio astronomy has supplied astronomers with important data outlining their interactions. Using this data, astronomers have simulated the interaction. NGC 5195 came from behind and then passed through the main disk of M51 about 500 to 600 million years ago. The dwarf galaxy crossed the disk again between 50 and 100 million years ago and is now slightly behind M51. These interactions appear to have intensified the spiral arms that are the dominant characteristic of the Whirlpool Galaxy. Astronomers are able to learn about objects unimaginably far away from Earth using telescopes that sense all wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum. Imagine what Galileo would do if he could see the images and data astronomers have available to them now.\u00a0The study of the universe is called <strong>cosmology<\/strong>. <strong> Cosmologists <\/strong>study the structure and changes in the present universe. The universe contains all of the star systems, galaxies, gas and dust, plus all the matter and energy that exists now, that existed in the past, and that will exist in the future. The universe includes all of space and time.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-434\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Dynamic Earth: Introduction to Physical Geography. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: R. Adam Dastrup. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.opengeography.org\/physical-geography.html\">http:\/\/www.opengeography.org\/physical-geography.html<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Open Geography Education. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">Public domain content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>M51: Cosmic Whirlpool. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: NASA and European Space Agency. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/apod.nasa.gov\/apod\/ap050428.html\">http:\/\/apod.nasa.gov\/apod\/ap050428.html<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/pdm\">Public Domain: No Known Copyright<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":78,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Dynamic Earth: Introduction to Physical Geography\",\"author\":\"R. Adam Dastrup\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.opengeography.org\/physical-geography.html\",\"project\":\"Open Geography Education\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"pd\",\"description\":\"M51: Cosmic Whirlpool\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"NASA and European Space Agency\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/apod.nasa.gov\/apod\/ap050428.html\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"pd\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-434","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":310,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geophysical\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geophysical\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geophysical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geophysical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geophysical\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":603,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geophysical\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/434\/revisions\/603"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geophysical\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/310"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geophysical\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/434\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geophysical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geophysical\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=434"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geophysical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=434"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geophysical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}