{"id":809,"date":"2017-04-26T17:57:04","date_gmt":"2017-04-26T17:57:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/geophysical\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=809"},"modified":"2017-04-26T21:31:57","modified_gmt":"2017-04-26T21:31:57","slug":"weather-and-atmospheric-water","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-geophysical\/chapter\/weather-and-atmospheric-water\/","title":{"raw":"Weather and Atmospheric Water","rendered":"Weather and Atmospheric Water"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Elements of Weather<\/h2>\r\nIf someone across country asks you what the weather is like today, you need to consider several factors. Air temperature, humidity, wind speed, the amount and types of clouds, and precipitation are all part of a thorough weather report. In this chapter, you will learn about many of these features in more detail.\r\n\r\n<strong>Weather <\/strong>is what is going on in the atmosphere at a particular place at a particular time. Weather can change rapidly. A location\u2019s weather depends on air temperature, air pressure, fog, humidity, cloud cover, precipitation, and wind speed and direction. All of these are directly related to the amount of energy that is in the system and where that energy is. The ultimate source of this energy is the sun.\r\n\r\n<strong>Climate <\/strong>is the average of a region\u2019s weather over time. The climate for a particular place is steady, and changes only very slowly. Climate is determined by many factors, including the angle of the Sun, the likelihood of cloud cover, and the air pressure. All of these factors are related to the amount of energy that is found in that location over time.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/hjEBt8NT3CE\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/zz_CRzcIT-Q\r\n<h2>Humidity<\/h2>\r\n<strong><img class=\"alignright wp-image-830\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/250\/2017\/04\/26194408\/5234833498_3d69b42b11_z.jpg\" alt=\"water droplets collected together on a pane of glass\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" \/>Humidity <\/strong>is the amount of water vapor in the air in a particular spot. We usually use the term to mean <strong>relative humidity<\/strong>, the percentage of water vapor a certain volume of air is holding relative to the maximum amount it can contain. If the humidity today is 80\u00a0percent, it means that the air contains 80\u00a0percent of the total amount of water it can hold at that temperature. What will happen if the humidity increases to more than 100\u00a0percent? The excess water condenses and forms precipitation.\r\n\r\nSince warm air can hold more water vapor than cool air, raising or lowering temperature can change air's relative humidity. The temperature at which air becomes saturated with water is called the air's dew point. This term makes sense, because water condenses from the air as dew, if the air cools down overnight and reaches 100 percent humidity.\r\n<h2>Clouds<\/h2>\r\n<strong><img class=\"alignright wp-image-831\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/250\/2017\/04\/26194817\/cumulus-499176_1280.jpg\" alt=\"cumulus clouds\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" \/>Clouds <\/strong>have a big influence on weather by preventing solar radiation from reaching the ground; absorbing warmth that is re-emitted from the ground; and as the source of precipitation. When there are no clouds, there is less insulation. As a result, cloudless days can be extremely hot, and cloudless nights can be very cold. For this reason, cloudy days tend to have a lower range of temperatures than clear days.\r\n\r\nThere are a variety of conditions needed for <a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.srh.noaa.gov\/jetstream\/clouds\/formation.htm\" target=\"_blank\">clouds to form<\/a>. First, clouds form when air reaches its dew point. This can happen in two ways:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Air temperature stays the same but humidity increases. This is common in locations that are warm and humid.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Humidity can remain the same, but temperature decreases.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nWhen the air cools enough to reach 100\u00a0percent humidity, water droplets form. Air cools when it comes into contact with a cold surface or when it rises. Rising air creates clouds when it has been warmed at or near the ground level and then is pushed up over a mountain or mountain range or is thrust over a mass of cold, dense air. Water vapor is not visible unless it condenses to become a cloud. Water vapor condenses around a nucleus, such as dust, smoke, or a salt crystal. This forms a tiny liquid droplet. Billions of these water droplets together make a cloud.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/UZEETyzql0Q\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/hJ6aeSv8xIU\r\n\r\nClouds are classified in several ways. The most common classification used today divides clouds into <a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.srh.noaa.gov\/jetstream\/clouds\/corefour.htm\" target=\"_blank\">four separate cloud groups<\/a>, which are determined by their altitude and if precipitation is occurring or not.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>High-level clouds<\/em> form from ice crystals where the air is extremely cold and can hold little water vapor. <strong>Cirrus<\/strong>, <strong>cirrostratus<\/strong>, and <strong>cirrocumulus <\/strong>are all names of high clouds. Cirrocumulus clouds are small, white puffs that ripple across the sky, often in rows. Cirrus clouds may indicate that a storm is coming.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Middle-level clouds<\/em>, including <strong>altocumulus <\/strong>and <strong>altostratus <\/strong>clouds, may be made of water droplets, ice crystals or both, depending on the air temperatures. Thick and broad altostratus clouds are gray or blue-gray. They often cover the entire sky and usually mean a large storm, bearing a lot of precipitation, is coming.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Low-level clouds<\/em> are nearly all water droplets. <strong>Stratus<\/strong>, <strong>stratocumulus <\/strong>and <strong>nimbostratus <\/strong>clouds are common low clouds. Nimbostratus clouds are thick and dark that produce precipitation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Clouds with the prefix <em>cumulo<\/em>- \u00a0grow vertically instead of horizontally and have their bases at low altitude and their tops at high or middle altitude. Clouds grow vertically when strong unstable air currents are rising upward. Common clouds include <strong>cumulus humilis<\/strong>,<strong> cumulus mediocris<\/strong>, <strong>cumulus congestus<\/strong>, and <strong>cumulonimbus<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nTo learn more about the various types of cloud formations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), <a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.srh.noaa.gov\/jetstream\/clouds\/basicten.htm\" target=\"_blank\">click here<\/a>.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/FMagDRCpJ14\r\n<h2>Fog<\/h2>\r\n<strong><img class=\"alignright wp-image-832\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/250\/2017\/04\/26195639\/forest-547363_1280.jpg\" alt=\"Fog over the base of a mountain.\" width=\"400\" height=\"285\" \/>Fog <\/strong>is a cloud located at or near the ground. When humid air near the ground cools below its dew point, fog is formed. The several types of fog that each form in a different way.\u00a0<strong>Radiation fog<\/strong> forms at night when skies are clear and the relative humidity is high. As the ground cools, the bottom layer of air cools below its dew point. Tule fog is an extreme form of radiation fog found in some regions. San Francisco, California, is famous for its summertime <strong>advection fog<\/strong>. Warm, moist Pacific Ocean air blows over the cold California current and cools below its dew point. Sea breezes bring the fog onshore. <strong>Steam fog<\/strong> appears in autumn when cool air moves over a warm lake. Water evaporates from the lake surface and condenses as it cools, appearing like steam. Warm humid air travels up a hillside and cools below its dew point to create <strong>upslope fog<\/strong>.\r\n<h2>Precipitation<\/h2>\r\n<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.srh.noaa.gov\/jetstream\/global\/preciptypes.htm\" target=\"_blank\"><img class=\"alignright wp-image-833\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/250\/2017\/04\/26195827\/raindrop-2246128_1280-e1493236740912.jpg\" alt=\"Drops of dew collected on a tree branch\" width=\"400\" height=\"192\" \/>Precipitation<\/a><\/strong> is an extremely important part of weather. Some precipitation forms in place. The most common precipitation comes from clouds. Rain or snow droplets grow as they ride air currents in a cloud and collect other droplets. They fall when they become heavy enough to escape from the rising air currents that hold them up in the cloud. One million cloud droplets will combine to make only one rain drop! If temperatures are cold, the droplet will hit the ground as a snowflake.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/dQJsJRNJOfI\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/Bl7K4D3ccfE","rendered":"<h2>Elements of Weather<\/h2>\n<p>If someone across country asks you what the weather is like today, you need to consider several factors. Air temperature, humidity, wind speed, the amount and types of clouds, and precipitation are all part of a thorough weather report. In this chapter, you will learn about many of these features in more detail.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Weather <\/strong>is what is going on in the atmosphere at a particular place at a particular time. Weather can change rapidly. A location\u2019s weather depends on air temperature, air pressure, fog, humidity, cloud cover, precipitation, and wind speed and direction. All of these are directly related to the amount of energy that is in the system and where that energy is. The ultimate source of this energy is the sun.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Climate <\/strong>is the average of a region\u2019s weather over time. The climate for a particular place is steady, and changes only very slowly. Climate is determined by many factors, including the angle of the Sun, the likelihood of cloud cover, and the air pressure. All of these factors are related to the amount of energy that is found in that location over time.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Weather 101\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hjEBt8NT3CE?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"Earth: Climate and Weather - National Geographic - 24hToday\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zz_CRzcIT-Q?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Humidity<\/h2>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-830\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/250\/2017\/04\/26194408\/5234833498_3d69b42b11_z.jpg\" alt=\"water droplets collected together on a pane of glass\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" \/>Humidity <\/strong>is the amount of water vapor in the air in a particular spot. We usually use the term to mean <strong>relative humidity<\/strong>, the percentage of water vapor a certain volume of air is holding relative to the maximum amount it can contain. If the humidity today is 80\u00a0percent, it means that the air contains 80\u00a0percent of the total amount of water it can hold at that temperature. What will happen if the humidity increases to more than 100\u00a0percent? The excess water condenses and forms precipitation.<\/p>\n<p>Since warm air can hold more water vapor than cool air, raising or lowering temperature can change air&#8217;s relative humidity. The temperature at which air becomes saturated with water is called the air&#8217;s dew point. This term makes sense, because water condenses from the air as dew, if the air cools down overnight and reaches 100 percent humidity.<\/p>\n<h2>Clouds<\/h2>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-831\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/250\/2017\/04\/26194817\/cumulus-499176_1280.jpg\" alt=\"cumulus clouds\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" \/>Clouds <\/strong>have a big influence on weather by preventing solar radiation from reaching the ground; absorbing warmth that is re-emitted from the ground; and as the source of precipitation. When there are no clouds, there is less insulation. As a result, cloudless days can be extremely hot, and cloudless nights can be very cold. For this reason, cloudy days tend to have a lower range of temperatures than clear days.<\/p>\n<p>There are a variety of conditions needed for <a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.srh.noaa.gov\/jetstream\/clouds\/formation.htm\" target=\"_blank\">clouds to form<\/a>. First, clouds form when air reaches its dew point. This can happen in two ways:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Air temperature stays the same but humidity increases. This is common in locations that are warm and humid.<\/li>\n<li>Humidity can remain the same, but temperature decreases.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>When the air cools enough to reach 100\u00a0percent humidity, water droplets form. Air cools when it comes into contact with a cold surface or when it rises. Rising air creates clouds when it has been warmed at or near the ground level and then is pushed up over a mountain or mountain range or is thrust over a mass of cold, dense air. Water vapor is not visible unless it condenses to become a cloud. Water vapor condenses around a nucleus, such as dust, smoke, or a salt crystal. This forms a tiny liquid droplet. Billions of these water droplets together make a cloud.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-3\" title=\"What Are Clouds, and How Do They Form?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UZEETyzql0Q?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-4\" title=\"Clouds And Weather\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hJ6aeSv8xIU?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Clouds are classified in several ways. The most common classification used today divides clouds into <a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.srh.noaa.gov\/jetstream\/clouds\/corefour.htm\" target=\"_blank\">four separate cloud groups<\/a>, which are determined by their altitude and if precipitation is occurring or not.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>High-level clouds<\/em> form from ice crystals where the air is extremely cold and can hold little water vapor. <strong>Cirrus<\/strong>, <strong>cirrostratus<\/strong>, and <strong>cirrocumulus <\/strong>are all names of high clouds. Cirrocumulus clouds are small, white puffs that ripple across the sky, often in rows. Cirrus clouds may indicate that a storm is coming.<\/li>\n<li><em>Middle-level clouds<\/em>, including <strong>altocumulus <\/strong>and <strong>altostratus <\/strong>clouds, may be made of water droplets, ice crystals or both, depending on the air temperatures. Thick and broad altostratus clouds are gray or blue-gray. They often cover the entire sky and usually mean a large storm, bearing a lot of precipitation, is coming.<\/li>\n<li><em>Low-level clouds<\/em> are nearly all water droplets. <strong>Stratus<\/strong>, <strong>stratocumulus <\/strong>and <strong>nimbostratus <\/strong>clouds are common low clouds. Nimbostratus clouds are thick and dark that produce precipitation.<\/li>\n<li>Clouds with the prefix <em>cumulo<\/em>&#8211; \u00a0grow vertically instead of horizontally and have their bases at low altitude and their tops at high or middle altitude. Clouds grow vertically when strong unstable air currents are rising upward. Common clouds include <strong>cumulus humilis<\/strong>,<strong> cumulus mediocris<\/strong>, <strong>cumulus congestus<\/strong>, and <strong>cumulonimbus<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To learn more about the various types of cloud formations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), <a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.srh.noaa.gov\/jetstream\/clouds\/basicten.htm\" target=\"_blank\">click here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-5\" title=\"Weather 101: A Tutorial on Cloud Types\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FMagDRCpJ14?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Fog<\/h2>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-832\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/250\/2017\/04\/26195639\/forest-547363_1280.jpg\" alt=\"Fog over the base of a mountain.\" width=\"400\" height=\"285\" \/>Fog <\/strong>is a cloud located at or near the ground. When humid air near the ground cools below its dew point, fog is formed. The several types of fog that each form in a different way.\u00a0<strong>Radiation fog<\/strong> forms at night when skies are clear and the relative humidity is high. As the ground cools, the bottom layer of air cools below its dew point. Tule fog is an extreme form of radiation fog found in some regions. San Francisco, California, is famous for its summertime <strong>advection fog<\/strong>. Warm, moist Pacific Ocean air blows over the cold California current and cools below its dew point. Sea breezes bring the fog onshore. <strong>Steam fog<\/strong> appears in autumn when cool air moves over a warm lake. Water evaporates from the lake surface and condenses as it cools, appearing like steam. Warm humid air travels up a hillside and cools below its dew point to create <strong>upslope fog<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Precipitation<\/h2>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.srh.noaa.gov\/jetstream\/global\/preciptypes.htm\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-833\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/250\/2017\/04\/26195827\/raindrop-2246128_1280-e1493236740912.jpg\" alt=\"Drops of dew collected on a tree branch\" width=\"400\" height=\"192\" \/>Precipitation<\/a><\/strong> is an extremely important part of weather. Some precipitation forms in place. The most common precipitation comes from clouds. Rain or snow droplets grow as they ride air currents in a cloud and collect other droplets. They fall when they become heavy enough to escape from the rising air currents that hold them up in the cloud. One million cloud droplets will combine to make only one rain drop! If temperatures are cold, the droplet will hit the ground as a snowflake.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-6\" title=\"Why does it rain?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dQJsJRNJOfI?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-7\" title=\"How does snow form?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Bl7K4D3ccfE?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-809\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Dynamic Earth: Introduction to Physical Geography. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: R. Adam Dastrup. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.opengeography.org\/physical-geography.html\">http:\/\/www.opengeography.org\/physical-geography.html<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Open Geography Education. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Condensation (afternoon). <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Mary Hutchison. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/8YzTBY\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/8YzTBY<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>cumulus clouds. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: HarmonyCenter. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/cumulus-clouds-dramatic-white-blue-499176\/\">https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/cumulus-clouds-dramatic-white-blue-499176\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/cc0\">CC0: No Rights Reserved<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Forest fog. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: cafepampas. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/forest-fog-nature-winter-trees-547363\/\">https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/forest-fog-nature-winter-trees-547363\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/cc0\">CC0: No Rights Reserved<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>raindrop plant. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Pitsch. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/raindrop-nature-green-plant-halme-2246128\/\">https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/raindrop-nature-green-plant-halme-2246128\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/cc0\">CC0: No Rights Reserved<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Weather 101. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: evotuc. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/hjEBt8NT3CE\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/hjEBt8NT3CE<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><li>Earth: Climate and Weather. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: National Geographic: 24hToday. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/zz_CRzcIT-Q\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/zz_CRzcIT-Q<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><li>The Making of A Cloud. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: NOVA PBS Official . <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/UZEETyzql0Q\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/UZEETyzql0Q<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><li>Clouds And Weather. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: NOVA PBS Official. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/hJ6aeSv8xIU\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/hJ6aeSv8xIU<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><li>Weather 101: A Tutorial on Cloud Types. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: NWSAlbuquerque. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/FMagDRCpJ14\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/FMagDRCpJ14<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><li>Why does it rain?. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Met Office - Weather. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/dQJsJRNJOfI\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/dQJsJRNJOfI<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><li>How does snow form?. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Met Office - Weather. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Bl7K4D3ccfE\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/Bl7K4D3ccfE<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Dynamic Earth: Introduction to Physical Geography\",\"author\":\"R. 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