{"id":857,"date":"2015-03-08T00:15:32","date_gmt":"2015-03-08T00:15:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/businesscommunication\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=857"},"modified":"2015-03-08T10:50:34","modified_gmt":"2015-03-08T10:50:34","slug":"11-3-movement-in-your-speech","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-businesscommunication\/chapter\/11-3-movement-in-your-speech\/","title":{"raw":"Movement in Your Speech","rendered":"Movement in Your Speech"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<h3>LEARNING OBJECTIVE<\/h3>\r\nBy the end of this section, you will be able to:\r\n<ul id=\"mclean-ch11_s03_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\r\n\t<li>Demonstrate how to use movement to increase the effectiveness of your presentation.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"im_section\">\r\n\r\nAt some point in your business career you will be called upon to give a speech. It may be to an audience of one on a sales floor, or to a large audience at a national meeting. You already know you need to make a positive first impression, but do you know how to use movement in your presentation? In this section we\u2019ll examine several strategies for movement and their relative advantages and disadvantages.\r\n\r\nCustomers and audiences respond well to speakers who are comfortable with themselves. Comfortable doesn\u2019t mean overconfident or cocky, and it doesn\u2019t mean shy or timid. It means that an audience is far more likely to forgive the occasional \u201cumm\u201d or \u201cahh,\u201d or the nonverbal equivalent of a misstep, if the speaker is comfortable with themselves and their message.\r\n\r\nLet\u2019s start with behaviors to avoid. Who would you rather listen to: a speaker who moves confidently across the stage or one who hides behind the podium; one who expresses herself nonverbally with purpose and meaning or one who crosses his arms or clings to the lectern?\r\n\r\nAudiences are most likely to respond positively to open, dynamic speakers who convey the feeling of being at ease with their bodies. The setting, combined with audience expectations, will give a range of movement. If you are speaking at a formal event, or if you are being covered by a stationary camera, you may be expected to stay in one spot. If the stage allows you to explore, closing the distance between yourself and your audience may prove effective. Rather than focus on a list of behaviors and their relationship to environment and context, give emphasis to what your audience expects and what you yourself would find more engaging instead.\r\n\r\nNovice speakers are often told to keep their arms at their sides, or to restrict their movement to only that which is absolutely necessary. If you are in formal training for a military presentation, or a forensics (speech and debate) competition, this may hold true. But in business and industry, \u201cwhatever works\u201d rules the day. You can\u2019t say that expressive gestures\u2014common among many cultural groups, like arm movement while speaking\u2014are not appropriate when they are, in fact, expected.\r\n\r\nThe questions are, again, what does your audience consider appropriate and what do you feel comfortable doing during your presentation? Since the emphasis is always on meeting the needs of the customer, whether it is an audience of one on a sales floor or a large national gathering, you may need to stretch outside your comfort zone. On that same note, don\u2019t stretch too far and move yourself into the uncomfortable range. Finding balance is a challenge, but no one ever said giving a speech was easy.\r\n\r\nMovement is an important aspect of your speech and requires planning, the same as the words you choose and the visual aids you design. Be natural, but do not naturally shuffle your feet, pace back and forth, or rock on your heels through your entire speech. These behaviors distract your audience from your message and can communicate nervousness, undermining your credibility.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2>Positions on the Stage<\/h2>\r\n<div id=\"mclean-ch11_s03_s01_f01\" class=\"im_figure im_medium im_editable im_block\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"im_title-prefix\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"500\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/buscomm\/section_15\/1009d9a08fd029b4e0d42aacb34432bc.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/299\/2015\/03\/20165722\/image28.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" \/><\/a> Figure 11.3 Speaker\u2019s Triangle[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nIn a classical speech presentation, positions on the stage serve to guide both the speaker and the audience through transitions. The speaker\u2019s triangle (see <a class=\"im_xref\" href=\"#mclean-ch11_s03_s01_f01\">Figure 11.3 \"Speaker\u2019s Triangle\"<\/a>) indicates where the speaker starts in the introduction, moves to the second position for the first point, across for the second point, then returns to the original position to make the third point and conclusion. This movement technique can be quite effective to help you remember each of your main points. It allows you to break down your speech into manageable parts, and putting tape on the floor to indicate position is a common presentation trick. Your movement will demonstrate purpose and reinforce your credibility.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2>Gestures<\/h2>\r\nGestures involve using your arms and hands while communicating. Gestures provide a way to channel your nervous energy into a positive activity that benefits your speech and gives you something to do with your hands. For example, watch people in normal, everyday conversations. They frequently use their hands to express themselves. Do you think <em class=\"im_emphasis\">they<\/em> think about how they use their hands? Most people do not. Their arm and hand gestures come naturally as part of their expression, often reflecting what they have learned within their community.\r\n\r\nFor professional speakers this is also true, but deliberate movement can reinforce, repeat, and even regulate an audience\u2019s response to their verbal and nonverbal messages. You want to come across as comfortable and natural, and your use of your arms and hands contributes to your presentation. We can easily recognize that a well-chosen gesture can help make a point memorable or lead the audience to the next point.\r\n\r\nAs professional speakers lead up to a main point, they raise their hand slightly, perhaps waist high, often called an <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">anticipation step<\/span><\/span>. The gesture clearly shows the audience your anticipation of an upcoming point, serving as a nonverbal form of foreshadowing.\r\n\r\nThe <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">implementation step<\/span><\/span>, which comes next, involves using your arms and hands above your waist. By holding one hand at waist level pointing outward, and raising it up with your palm forward, as in the \u201cstop\u201d gesture, you signal the point. The nonverbal gesture complements the spoken word, and as students of speech have noted across time, audiences respond to this nonverbal reinforcement. You then slowly lower your hand down past your waistline and away from your body, letting go of the gesture, and signaling your transition.\r\n\r\nThe <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">relaxation step<\/span><\/span>, where the letting go motion complements your residual message, concludes the motion.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2>Facial Gestures<\/h2>\r\nAs you progress as a speaker from gestures and movement, you will need to turn your attention to facial gestures and expressions. <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Facial gestures<\/span><\/span> involve using your face to display feelings and attitudes nonverbally. They may reinforce, or contradict, the spoken word, and their impact cannot be underestimated. As we have discussed, people often focus more on how we say something than what we actually say, and place more importance on our nonverbal gestures.<span id=\"fwk-mclean-fn11_025\" class=\"im_footnote\">Mehrabian, A. (1981). <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Silent messages: Implicit communication of emotions and attitudes<\/em> (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.<\/span> As in other body movements, your facial gestures should come naturally, but giving them due thought and consideration can keep you aware of how you are communicating the nonverbal message.\r\n\r\nFacial gestures should reflect the tone and emotion of your verbal communication. If you are using humor in your speech, you will likely smile and wink to complement the amusement expressed in your words. Smiling will be much less appropriate if your presentation involves a serious subject such as cancer or car accidents. Consider how you want your audience to feel in response to your message, and identify the facial gestures you can use to promote those feelings. Then practice in front of a mirror so that the gestures come naturally.\r\n\r\nThe single most important facial gesture (in mainstream U.S. culture) is eye contact.<span id=\"fwk-mclean-fn11_026\" class=\"im_footnote\">Seiler, W., &amp; Beall, M. (2000). <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Communication: Making connections<\/em> (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn &amp; Bacon.<\/span> <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Eye contact<\/span><\/span> refers to the speaker\u2019s gaze that engages the audience members. It can vary in degree and length, and in many cases, is culturally influenced. Both in the speaker\u2019s expectations and the audience member\u2019s notion of what is appropriate will influence normative expectations for eye contact. In some cultures, there are understood behavioral expectations for male gaze directed toward females, and vice versa. In a similar way, children may have expectations of when to look their elders in the eye, and when to gaze down. Depending on the culture, both may be nonverbal signals of listening. Understanding your audience is critical when it comes to nonverbal expectations.\r\n\r\nWhen giving a presentation, avoid looking over people\u2019s heads, staring at a point on the wall, or letting your eyes dart all over the place. The audience will find these mannerisms unnerving. They will not feel as connected, or receptive, to your message and you will reduce your effectiveness. Move your eyes gradually and naturally across the audience, both close to you and toward the back of the room. Try to look for faces that look interested and engaged in your message. Do not to focus on only one or two audience members, as audiences may respond negatively to perceived favoritism. Instead, try to give as much eye contact as possible across the audience. Keep it natural, but give it deliberate thought.\r\n<div id=\"mclean-ch11_s03_s03_n01\" class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\"><\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\">\r\n<h3>KEY TAKEAWAY<\/h3>\r\n<section>\r\n<div data-type=\"note\">To use movement strategically in your presentation, keep it natural and consider using the speaker\u2019s triangle, the three-step sequence, facial gestures, and eye contact.<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\"><\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3>EXERCISES<\/h3>\r\n<section id=\"self-check-questions\">\r\n<ol id=\"mclean-ch11_s03_s03_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\r\n\t<li>Think of a message you want to convey to a listener. If you were to dance your message, what would the dance look like? Practice in front of a mirror.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Ask a friend to record you while you are having a typical conversation with another friend or family member. Watch the video and observe your movements and facial gestures. What would you do differently if you were making a presentation? Discuss your thoughts with a classmate.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Play \u201cLie to Me,\u201d a game in which each person creates three statements (one is a lie) and tells all three statements to a classmate or group. The listeners have to guess which statement is a lie.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<h3>LEARNING OBJECTIVE<\/h3>\n<p>By the end of this section, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul id=\"mclean-ch11_s03_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\n<li>Demonstrate how to use movement to increase the effectiveness of your presentation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_section\">\n<p>At some point in your business career you will be called upon to give a speech. It may be to an audience of one on a sales floor, or to a large audience at a national meeting. You already know you need to make a positive first impression, but do you know how to use movement in your presentation? In this section we\u2019ll examine several strategies for movement and their relative advantages and disadvantages.<\/p>\n<p>Customers and audiences respond well to speakers who are comfortable with themselves. Comfortable doesn\u2019t mean overconfident or cocky, and it doesn\u2019t mean shy or timid. It means that an audience is far more likely to forgive the occasional \u201cumm\u201d or \u201cahh,\u201d or the nonverbal equivalent of a misstep, if the speaker is comfortable with themselves and their message.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s start with behaviors to avoid. Who would you rather listen to: a speaker who moves confidently across the stage or one who hides behind the podium; one who expresses herself nonverbally with purpose and meaning or one who crosses his arms or clings to the lectern?<\/p>\n<p>Audiences are most likely to respond positively to open, dynamic speakers who convey the feeling of being at ease with their bodies. The setting, combined with audience expectations, will give a range of movement. If you are speaking at a formal event, or if you are being covered by a stationary camera, you may be expected to stay in one spot. If the stage allows you to explore, closing the distance between yourself and your audience may prove effective. Rather than focus on a list of behaviors and their relationship to environment and context, give emphasis to what your audience expects and what you yourself would find more engaging instead.<\/p>\n<p>Novice speakers are often told to keep their arms at their sides, or to restrict their movement to only that which is absolutely necessary. If you are in formal training for a military presentation, or a forensics (speech and debate) competition, this may hold true. But in business and industry, \u201cwhatever works\u201d rules the day. You can\u2019t say that expressive gestures\u2014common among many cultural groups, like arm movement while speaking\u2014are not appropriate when they are, in fact, expected.<\/p>\n<p>The questions are, again, what does your audience consider appropriate and what do you feel comfortable doing during your presentation? Since the emphasis is always on meeting the needs of the customer, whether it is an audience of one on a sales floor or a large national gathering, you may need to stretch outside your comfort zone. On that same note, don\u2019t stretch too far and move yourself into the uncomfortable range. Finding balance is a challenge, but no one ever said giving a speech was easy.<\/p>\n<p>Movement is an important aspect of your speech and requires planning, the same as the words you choose and the visual aids you design. Be natural, but do not naturally shuffle your feet, pace back and forth, or rock on your heels through your entire speech. These behaviors distract your audience from your message and can communicate nervousness, undermining your credibility.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_section\">\n<h2>Positions on the Stage<\/h2>\n<div id=\"mclean-ch11_s03_s01_f01\" class=\"im_figure im_medium im_editable im_block\">\n<p><span class=\"im_title-prefix\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/buscomm\/section_15\/1009d9a08fd029b4e0d42aacb34432bc.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/299\/2015\/03\/20165722\/image28.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 11.3 Speaker\u2019s Triangle<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In a classical speech presentation, positions on the stage serve to guide both the speaker and the audience through transitions. The speaker\u2019s triangle (see <a class=\"im_xref\" href=\"#mclean-ch11_s03_s01_f01\">Figure 11.3 &#8220;Speaker\u2019s Triangle&#8221;<\/a>) indicates where the speaker starts in the introduction, moves to the second position for the first point, across for the second point, then returns to the original position to make the third point and conclusion. This movement technique can be quite effective to help you remember each of your main points. It allows you to break down your speech into manageable parts, and putting tape on the floor to indicate position is a common presentation trick. Your movement will demonstrate purpose and reinforce your credibility.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_section\">\n<h2>Gestures<\/h2>\n<p>Gestures involve using your arms and hands while communicating. Gestures provide a way to channel your nervous energy into a positive activity that benefits your speech and gives you something to do with your hands. For example, watch people in normal, everyday conversations. They frequently use their hands to express themselves. Do you think <em class=\"im_emphasis\">they<\/em> think about how they use their hands? Most people do not. Their arm and hand gestures come naturally as part of their expression, often reflecting what they have learned within their community.<\/p>\n<p>For professional speakers this is also true, but deliberate movement can reinforce, repeat, and even regulate an audience\u2019s response to their verbal and nonverbal messages. You want to come across as comfortable and natural, and your use of your arms and hands contributes to your presentation. We can easily recognize that a well-chosen gesture can help make a point memorable or lead the audience to the next point.<\/p>\n<p>As professional speakers lead up to a main point, they raise their hand slightly, perhaps waist high, often called an <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">anticipation step<\/span><\/span>. The gesture clearly shows the audience your anticipation of an upcoming point, serving as a nonverbal form of foreshadowing.<\/p>\n<p>The <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">implementation step<\/span><\/span>, which comes next, involves using your arms and hands above your waist. By holding one hand at waist level pointing outward, and raising it up with your palm forward, as in the \u201cstop\u201d gesture, you signal the point. The nonverbal gesture complements the spoken word, and as students of speech have noted across time, audiences respond to this nonverbal reinforcement. You then slowly lower your hand down past your waistline and away from your body, letting go of the gesture, and signaling your transition.<\/p>\n<p>The <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">relaxation step<\/span><\/span>, where the letting go motion complements your residual message, concludes the motion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_section\">\n<h2>Facial Gestures<\/h2>\n<p>As you progress as a speaker from gestures and movement, you will need to turn your attention to facial gestures and expressions. <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Facial gestures<\/span><\/span> involve using your face to display feelings and attitudes nonverbally. They may reinforce, or contradict, the spoken word, and their impact cannot be underestimated. As we have discussed, people often focus more on how we say something than what we actually say, and place more importance on our nonverbal gestures.<span id=\"fwk-mclean-fn11_025\" class=\"im_footnote\">Mehrabian, A. (1981). <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Silent messages: Implicit communication of emotions and attitudes<\/em> (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.<\/span> As in other body movements, your facial gestures should come naturally, but giving them due thought and consideration can keep you aware of how you are communicating the nonverbal message.<\/p>\n<p>Facial gestures should reflect the tone and emotion of your verbal communication. If you are using humor in your speech, you will likely smile and wink to complement the amusement expressed in your words. Smiling will be much less appropriate if your presentation involves a serious subject such as cancer or car accidents. Consider how you want your audience to feel in response to your message, and identify the facial gestures you can use to promote those feelings. Then practice in front of a mirror so that the gestures come naturally.<\/p>\n<p>The single most important facial gesture (in mainstream U.S. culture) is eye contact.<span id=\"fwk-mclean-fn11_026\" class=\"im_footnote\">Seiler, W., &amp; Beall, M. (2000). <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Communication: Making connections<\/em> (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn &amp; Bacon.<\/span> <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Eye contact<\/span><\/span> refers to the speaker\u2019s gaze that engages the audience members. It can vary in degree and length, and in many cases, is culturally influenced. Both in the speaker\u2019s expectations and the audience member\u2019s notion of what is appropriate will influence normative expectations for eye contact. In some cultures, there are understood behavioral expectations for male gaze directed toward females, and vice versa. In a similar way, children may have expectations of when to look their elders in the eye, and when to gaze down. Depending on the culture, both may be nonverbal signals of listening. Understanding your audience is critical when it comes to nonverbal expectations.<\/p>\n<p>When giving a presentation, avoid looking over people\u2019s heads, staring at a point on the wall, or letting your eyes dart all over the place. The audience will find these mannerisms unnerving. They will not feel as connected, or receptive, to your message and you will reduce your effectiveness. Move your eyes gradually and naturally across the audience, both close to you and toward the back of the room. Try to look for faces that look interested and engaged in your message. Do not to focus on only one or two audience members, as audiences may respond negatively to perceived favoritism. Instead, try to give as much eye contact as possible across the audience. Keep it natural, but give it deliberate thought.<\/p>\n<div id=\"mclean-ch11_s03_s03_n01\" class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\"><\/h3>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\">\n<h3>KEY TAKEAWAY<\/h3>\n<section>\n<div data-type=\"note\">To use movement strategically in your presentation, keep it natural and consider using the speaker\u2019s triangle, the three-step sequence, facial gestures, and eye contact.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"im_title\"><\/h3>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>EXERCISES<\/h3>\n<section id=\"self-check-questions\">\n<ol id=\"mclean-ch11_s03_s03_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\n<li>Think of a message you want to convey to a listener. If you were to dance your message, what would the dance look like? Practice in front of a mirror.<\/li>\n<li>Ask a friend to record you while you are having a typical conversation with another friend or family member. Watch the video and observe your movements and facial gestures. What would you do differently if you were making a presentation? Discuss your thoughts with a classmate.<\/li>\n<li>Play \u201cLie to Me,\u201d a game in which each person creates three statements (one is a lie) and tells all three statements to a classmate or group. The listeners have to guess which statement is a lie.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-857\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Communication For Business Success. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: anonymous. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/communication-for-business-success\/\">http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/communication-for-business-success\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":9,"menu_order":14,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Communication For Business Success\",\"author\":\"anonymous\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/communication-for-business-success\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-857","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":912,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-businesscommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-businesscommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-businesscommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-businesscommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-businesscommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1086,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-businesscommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/857\/revisions\/1086"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-businesscommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/912"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-businesscommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/857\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-businesscommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-businesscommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=857"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-businesscommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=857"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-businesscommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}