{"id":6369,"date":"2018-01-02T20:15:23","date_gmt":"2018-01-02T20:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-macroeconomics\/back-matter\/references\/"},"modified":"2018-01-02T20:15:23","modified_gmt":"2018-01-02T20:15:23","slug":"references","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-macroeconomics\/back-matter\/references\/","title":{"raw":"References","rendered":"References"},"content":{"raw":"
\n

References<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n
\n
Welcome to Economics!<\/div>\n
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What Economics Is and Why It's Important*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Williamson, Lisa. \u201cUS Labor Market in 2012.\u201d Bureau of Labor Statistics<\/em><\/span>. Accessed December 1, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/mlr\/2013\/03\/art1full.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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How Economies Can Be Organized: An Overview of Economic Systems*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>The Heritage Foundation. \u201c2013 Index of Economic Freedom, Country Rankings.\u201d http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/ranking.\n\n <\/span>Garling, Caleb. \u201cS.F. plane crash: Reporting, emotions on social media,\u201d The San Francisco Chronicle<\/em><\/span>. July 7, 2013. http:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/news\/article\/S-F-plane-crash-Reporting-emotions-on-social-4651639.php.\n\n <\/span>Irvine, Jessica. \u201cSocial Networking Sites are Factories of Modern Ideas.\u201d The Sydney Morning Herald<\/em><\/span>. November 25, 2011.http:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/federal-politics\/society-and-culture\/social-networking-sites-are-factories-of-modern-ideas-20111124-1nwy3.html#ixzz2YZhPYeME.\n\n <\/span>Twitter. Twitter Statistics. Accessed July 5, 2013. http:\/\/www.statisticbrain.com\/twitter-statistics\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Choice in a World of Scarcity<\/div>\n
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How Individuals Make Choices Based on Their Budget Constraint*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cEarnings and unemployment rates by educational attainment.\u201d Accessed August 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/ep_chart_001.htm\n\n <\/span>Robbins, Lionel. An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science<\/em><\/span>. London: Macmillan. 1932.\n\n <\/span>United States Department of Transportation. \u201cTotal Passengers on U.S Airlines and Foreign Airlines U.S. Flights Increased 1.3% in 2012 from 2011.\u201d Accessed October 2013. http:\/\/www.rita.dot.gov\/bts\/press_releases\/bts016_13\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Confronting Objections to the Economic Approach*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Smith, Adam. \u201cOf Restraints upon the Importation from Foreign Countries.\u201d In The Wealth of Nations<\/em><\/span>. London: Methuen & Co., 1904, first pub 1776), I.V. 2.9.\n\n <\/span>Smith, Adam. \u201cOf the Propriety of Action.\u201d In The Theory of Moral Sentiments<\/em><\/span>. London: A. Millar, 1759, 1.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Demand and Supply<\/div>\n
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Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium in Markets for Goods and Services*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Costanza, Robert, and Lisa Wainger. \u201cNo Accounting For Nature: How Conventional Economics Distorts the Value of Things.\u201d The Washington Post<\/em><\/span>. September 2, 1990.\n\n <\/span>Radford, R. A. \u201cThe Economic Organisation of a P.O.W. Camp.\u201d Economica<\/em><\/span>. no. 48 (1945): 189-201. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2550133.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Shifts in Demand and Supply for Goods and Services*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Landsburg, Steven E. The Armchair Economist: Economics and Everyday Life<\/em><\/span>. New York: The Free Press. 2012. specifically Section IV: How Markets Work.\n\n <\/span>Wessel, David. \u201cSaudi Arabia Fears $40-a-Barrel Oil, Too.\u201d The Wall Street Journal<\/em><\/span>. May 27, 2004, p. 42. http:\/\/online.wsj.com\/news\/articles\/SB108561000087822300.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Changes in Equilibrium Price and Quantity: The Four-Step Process*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Pew Research Center. \u201cPew Research: Center for the People & the Press.\u201d http:\/\/www.people-press.org\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Labor and Financial Markets<\/div>\n
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Demand and Supply at Work in Labor Markets*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>National Center for Educational Statistics. \u201cDigest of Education Statistics.\u201d (2008 and 2010). Accessed December 11, 2013. nces.ed.gov.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Demand and Supply in Financial Markets*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>CreditCards.com. 2013. http:\/\/www.creditcards.com\/credit-card-news\/credit-card-industry-facts-personal-debt-statistics-1276.php.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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The Macroeconomic Perspective<\/div>\n
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Measuring the Size of the Economy: Gross Domestic Product*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of Economic Analysis. \u201cNational data: National Income and Product Accounts Tables.\u201d http:\/\/bea.gov\/iTable\/iTable.cfm?ReqID=9&step=1.\n\n <\/span>U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cCensus of Governments: 2012 Census of Governments.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/govs\/cog2012\/.\n\n <\/span>United States Department of Transportation. \u201cAbout DOT.\u201d Last modified March 2, 2012. http:\/\/www.dot.gov\/about.\n\n <\/span>U.S. Department of Energy. \u201cEnergy.gov.\u201d http:\/\/energy.gov\/.\n\n <\/span>U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. \u201cAgency for Healthcare Research and Quality.\u201d http:\/\/www.ahrq.gov\/.\n\n <\/span>United States Department of Agriculture. \u201cUSDA.\u201d http:\/\/www.usda.gov\/wps\/portal\/usda\/usdahome.\n\n <\/span>Schneider, Friedrich. Department of Economics. \u201cSize and Development of the Shadow Economy of 31 European and 5 other OECD Countries from 2003 to 2013: A Further Decline.\u201d Johannes Kepler University<\/em><\/span>. Last modified April 5, 2013. http:\/\/www.econ.jku.at\/members\/Schneider\/files\/publications\/2013\/ShadEcEurope31_Jan2013.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Tracking Real GDP over Time*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>The National Bureau of Economic Research. \u201cInformation on Recessions and Recoveries, the NBER Business Cycle Dating Committee, and related topics.\u201d http:\/\/www.nber.org\/cycles\/main.html.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Economic Growth<\/div>\n
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The Relatively Recent Arrival of Economic Growth*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Bolt, Jutta, and Jan Luiten van Zanden. \u201cThe Maddison Project: The First Update of the Maddison Project Re-Estimating Growth Before 1820 (Maddison-Project Working Paper WP-4).\u201d University of Groningen: Groningen Growth and Development Centre<\/em><\/span>. Last modified January 2013. http:\/\/www.ggdc.net\/maddison\/publications\/pdf\/wp4.pdf.\n\n <\/span>Central Intelligence Agency. \u201cThe World Factbook: Country Comparison GDP (Purchasing Power Parity).\u201d https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/rankorder\/2001rank.html.\n\n <\/span>DeLong, Brad. \u201cLighting the Rocket of Growth and Lightening the Toil of Work: Another Outtake from My \u2018Slouching Towards Utopia\u2019 MS....\u201d This is Brad DeLong's Grasping Reality<\/em><\/span> (blog). September 3, 2013. http:\/\/delong.typepad.com\/sdj\/2013\/09\/lighting-the-rocket-of-growth-and-lightening-the-toil-of-work-another-outtake-from-my-slouching-towards-utopia-ms.html.\n\n <\/span>Easterlin, Richard A. \u201cThe Worldwide Standard of Living since 1800.\u201d The Journal of Economic Perspectives<\/em><\/span>. no. 1 (2000): 7\u201326. http:\/\/pubs.aeaweb.org\/doi\/pdfplus\/10.1257\/jep.14.1.7.\n\n <\/span>Maddison, Angus. Contours of the World Economy 1-2030 AD: Essays in Macro-Economic History<\/em><\/span>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.\n\n <\/span>British Library. \u201cTreasures in Full: Magna Carta.\u201d http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/treasures\/magnacarta\/.\n\n <\/span>Rothbard, Murray N. Ludwig von Mises Institute. \u201cProperty Rights and the Theory of Contracts.\u201d The Ethics of Liberty<\/em><\/span>. Last modified June 22, 2007. http:\/\/mises.org\/daily\/2580.\n\n <\/span>Salois, Matthew J., J. Richard Tiffin, and Kelvin George Balcombe. IDEAS: Research Division of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. \u201cImpact of Income on Calorie and Nutrient Intakes: A Cross-Country Analysis.\u201d Presention at the annual meeting of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, Pittsburg, PA, July 24\u201326, 2011. http:\/\/ideas.repec.org\/p\/ags\/aaea11\/103647.html.\n\n <\/span>van Zanden, Jan Luiten. The Long Road to the Industrial Revolution: The European Economy in a Global Perspective, 1000\u20131800 (Global Economic History Series)<\/em><\/span>. Boston: Brill, 2009.\n\n <\/span>The World Bank. \u201cCPIA Property Rights and Rule-based Governance Rating (1=low to 6=high).\u201d http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/IQ.CPA.PROP.XQ.\n\n <\/span>Rex A. Hudson, ed. Brazil: A Country Study<\/em><\/span>. \u201cSpectacular Growth, 1968\u201373.\u201d Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1997. http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/brazil\/64.htm.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Components of Economic Growth*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>\u201cWomen and the World Economy: A Guide to Womenomics.\u201d The Economist<\/em><\/span>, April 12, 2006. http:\/\/www.economist.com\/node\/6802551.\n\n <\/span>Farole, Thomas, and Gokhan Akinci, eds. Special Economic Zones: Progress, Emerging Challenges, and Future Directions<\/em><\/span>. Washington: The World Bank, 2011. http:\/\/publications.worldbank.org\/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=24138.\n\n <\/span>Garcia, Abraham, and Pierre Mohnen. United Nations University, Maastricht Economic and Social Research and Training Centre on Innovation and Technology: UNU-MERIT. \u201cImpact of Government Support on R&D and Innovation (Working Paper Series #2010-034).\u201d http:\/\/www.merit.unu.edu\/publications\/wppdf\/2010\/wp2010-034.pdf.\n\n <\/span>Heston, Alan, Robert Summers, and Bettina Aten. \u201cPenn World Table Version 7.1.\u201d Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices at the University of Pennsylvania<\/em><\/span>. Last modified July 2012. https:\/\/pwt.sas.upenn.edu\/php_site\/pwt71\/pwt71_form.php.\n\n <\/span>United States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cWomen at Work: A Visual Essay.\u201d Monthly Labor Review<\/em><\/span>, October 2003, 45\u201350. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/mlr\/2003\/10\/ressum3.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Economic Convergence*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Central Intelligence Agency. \u201cThe World Factbook: Country Comparison: GDP\u2013Real Growth Rate.\u201d https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/rankorder\/2003rank.html.\n\n <\/span>Sen, Amartya. \u201cHunger in the Contemporary World (Discussion Paper DEDPS\/8).\u201d\nThe Suntory Centre: London School of Economics and Political Science<\/em><\/span>. Last modified November 1997. http:\/\/sticerd.lse.ac.uk\/dps\/de\/dedps8.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Unemployment<\/div>\n
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What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Long Run*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Bureau of Labor Statistics. Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey. August 14, 2013<\/em><\/span> http:\/\/data.bls.gov\/timeseries\/LNS14000000.\n\n <\/span>Cappelli, P. (20 June 2012). \u201cWhy Good People Can\u2019t Get Jobs: Chasing After the Purple Squirrel.\u201d http:\/\/knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu\/article.cfm?articleid=3027.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Inflation<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Tracking Inflation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Sources for Table\u00a08.1<\/a>:<!--cnx.newline-->\n\nhttp:\/\/data.bls.gov\/cgi-bin\/surveymost?ap<!--cnx.newline-->\n\nhttp:\/\/www.bls.gov\/ro3\/apmw.htm<!--cnx.newline-->\n\nhttp:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/moneybuilder\/2012\/05\/10\/average-price-of-a-new-car\/<!--cnx.newline-->\n\nhttp:\/\/www.realtor.org\/topics\/existing-home-sales<!--cnx.newline-->\n\nhttp:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/empsit.t24.htm<!--cnx.newline-->\n\nhttp:\/\/business.time.com\/2013\/02\/19\/movie-ticket-prices-hit-all-time-high-in-2012-why-thats-probably-good-for-moviegoers\/<!--cnx.newline-->\n\nhttp:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/ERP-2013\/pdf\/ERP-2013-table31.pdf\n\n <\/span> US Inflation Calculator. \"Historical Inflation Rates: 1914-2013.\" Accessed November, 2013. http:\/\/www.usinflationcalculator.com\/inflation\/historical-inflation-rates\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
The Confusion Over Inflation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Shiller, Robert. \u201cWhy Do People Dislike Inflation?\u201d NBER Working Paper Series, National Bureau of Economic Research<\/em><\/span>, p. 52. 1996.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Indexing and Its Limitations*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Wines, Michael. \u201cHow Bad is Inflation in Zimbabwe?\u201d The New York Times<\/em><\/span>, May 2, 2006. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/05\/02\/world\/africa\/02zimbabwe.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.\n\n <\/span>Hanke, Steve H. \u201cR.I.P. Zimbabwe Dollar.\u201d CATO Institute<\/em><\/span>. Accessed December 31, 2013. http:\/\/www.cato.org\/zimbabwe.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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The International Trade and Capital Flows<\/div>\n
\n
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Measuring Trade Balances*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Central Intelligence Agency. \u201cThe World Factbook.\u201d Last modified October 31, 2013. https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/gm.html.\n\n <\/span>U.S. Department of Commerce. \u201cBureau of Economic Analysis.\u201d Last modified December 1, 2013. http:\/\/www.bea.gov\/.\n\n <\/span>U.S. Department of Commerce. \u201cUnited States Census Bureau.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
The Pros and Cons of Trade Deficits and Surpluses*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Tabuchi, Hiroko. \u201cJapan Reports a $78 Billion Trade Deficit for 2012.\u201d The New York Times<\/em><\/span>, January 23, 2013. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/01\/24\/business\/global\/japan-reports-a-78-billion-trade-deficit-for-2012.html?_r=0.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
The Aggregate Supply\u2013Aggregate Demand Model<\/div>\n
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Macroeconomic Perspectives on Demand and Supply*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Keynes, John Maynard. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money<\/em><\/span>. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1936.\n\n <\/span>U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cNew Residential Sales: Historical Data.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/construction\/nrs\/historical_data\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Shifts in Aggregate Supply*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Mercer. \u201cPay Increases for U.S. Employees Illustrate the \u201cNew Normal\u201d by Staying the Course: Employers\u2019 Focus Remains on Top Performer Pay and Employee Engagement.\u201d Last modified July 16, 2013. http:\/\/www.mercer.com\/press-releases\/1539840.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Shifts in Aggregate Demand*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>The Conference Board, Inc. \u201cConsumer Measures.\u201d Last modified November 2013. http:\/\/www.conference-board.org\/data\/consumerdata.cfm.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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How the AS\u2013AD Model Incorporates Growth, Unemployment, and Inflation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Library of Economics and Liberty. \u201cThe Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Jean-Baptiste Say.\u201d http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/bios\/Say.html.\n\n <\/span>Library of Economics and Liberty. \u201cThe Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: John Maynard Keynes.\u201d http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/bios\/Keynes.html.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
The Keynesian Perspective<\/div>\n
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Aggregate Demand in Keynesian Analysis*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Mahapatra, Lisa. \u201cUS Exports To China Have Grown 294% Over The Past Decade.\u201d International Business Times<\/em><\/span>. Last modified July 09, 2013. http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/us-exports-china-have-grown-294-over-past-decade-1338693.\n\n <\/span>The Conference Board, Inc. \u201cGlobal Economic Outlook 2014, November 2013.\u201d http:\/\/www.conference-board.org\/data\/globaloutlook.cfm.\n\n <\/span>Thomas, G. Scott. \u201cRecession claimed 170,000 small businesses in two years.\u201d The Business Journals<\/em><\/span>. Last modified July 24, 2012. http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/bizjournals\/on-numbers\/scott-thomas\/2012\/07\/recession-claimed-170000-small.html.\n\n <\/span>United States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cTop Picks.\u201d http:\/\/data.bls.gov\/cgi-bin\/surveymost?bls.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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The Building Blocks of Keynesian Analysis*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Harford, Tim. \u201cWhat Price Supply and Demand?\u201d http:\/\/timharford.com\/2014\/01\/what-price-supply-and-demand\/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter.\n\n <\/span>National Employment Law Project. \u201cJob Creation and Economic Recovery.\u201d http:\/\/www.nelp.org\/index.php\/content\/content_issues\/category\/job_creation_and_economic_recovery\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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The Phillips Curve*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Hoover, Kevin. \u201cPhillips Curve.\u201d The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics<\/em><\/span>. http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/PhillipsCurve.html.\n\n <\/span>U.S. Government Printing Office. \u201cEconomic Report of the President.\u201d http:\/\/1.usa.gov\/1c3psdL.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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The Keynesian Perspective on Market Forces*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Blinder, Alan S., and Mark Zandi. \u201cHow the Great Recession Was Brought to an End.\u201d Last modified July 27, 2010. http:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/~blinder\/End-of-Great-Recession.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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The Neoclassical Perspective<\/div>\n
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The Building Blocks of Neoclassical Analysis*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>The National Bureau of Economic Research. http:\/\/www.nber.org\/.\n\n <\/span>U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cThe 2012 Statistical Abstract.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/compendia\/statab\/cats\/education.html.\n\n <\/span>U.S. Department of the Treasury. \u201cTARP Programs.\u201d Last modified December 12, 2013. http:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/initiatives\/financial-stability\/TARP-Programs\/Pages\/default.aspx.\n\n <\/span>United States Government. \u201cRecovery.gov: Track the Money.\u201d Last modified October 30, 2013. http:\/\/www.recovery.gov\/Pages\/default.aspx.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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The Policy Implications of the Neoclassical Perspective*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>American Statistical Association. \u201cASA Headlines.\u201d http:\/\/www.amstat.org\/.\n\n <\/span>Haubrich, Joseph G., George Pennacchi, and Peter Ritchken. \u201cWorking Paper 11-07: Inflation Expectations, Real Rates, and Risk Premia: Evidence from Inflation Swaps.\u201d Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland<\/em><\/span>. Last modified March 2011. http:\/\/www.clevelandfed.org\/research\/workpaper\/2011\/wp1107.pdf.\n\n <\/span>University of Michigan: Institute for Social Research. \u201cSurvey Research Center.\u201d http:\/\/www.src.isr.umich.edu\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Balancing Keynesian and Neoclassical Models*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Carvalho, Carlos, Stefano Eusepi, and Christian Grisse. \u201cPolicy Initiatives in the Global Recession: What Did Forecasters Expect?\u201d Federal Reserve Bank of New York: Current Issues in Economics and Finance<\/em><\/span>, 18, no. 2 (2012). http:\/\/www.newyorkfed.org\/research\/current_issues\/ci18-2.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Money and Banking<\/div>\n
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Defining Money by Its Functions*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Hogendorn, Jan and Marion Johnson. The Shell Money of the Slave Trade<\/em><\/span>. Cambridge University Press, 2003. 6.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Measuring Money: Currency, M1, and M2*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Federal Reserve Statistical Release. November 23, 2013. http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/RELEASES\/h6\/current\/default.htm#t2tg1link.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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The Role of Banks*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Richard W. Fisher. \u201cEnding 'Too Big to Fail': A Proposal for Reform Before It's Too Late (With Reference to Patrick Henry, Complexity and Reality) Remarks before the Committee for the Republic, Washington, D.C. Dallas Federal Reserve. January 16, 2013.\n\n <\/span>\u201cCommercial Banks in the U.S.\u201d Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Accessed November 2013. http:\/\/research.stlouisfed.org\/fred2\/series\/USNUM.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
How Banks Create Money*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Bitcoin. 2013. www.bitcoin.org.\n\n <\/span>National Public Radio. Lawmakers and Regulators Take Closer Look at Bitcoin<\/em><\/span>. November 19, 2013. http:\/\/thedianerehmshow.org\/shows\/2013-11-19\/lawmakers-and-regulators-take-closer-look-bitcoin.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Monetary Policy and Bank Regulation<\/div>\n
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\n
The Federal Reserve Banking System and Central Banks*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Matthews, Dylan. \u201cNine amazing facts about Janet Yellen, our next Fed chair.\u201d Wonkblog. The Washington Post<\/em><\/span>. Posted October 09, 2013. http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/wonkblog\/wp\/2013\/10\/09\/nine-amazing-facts-about-janet-yellen-our-next-fed-chair\/.\n\n <\/span>Appelbaum, Binyamin. \u201cDivining the Regulatory Goals of Fed Rivals.\u201d The New York Times<\/em><\/span>. Posted August 14, 2013. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/08\/14\/business\/economy\/careers-of-2-fed-contenders-reveal-little-on-regulatory-approach.html?pagewanted=3.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Bank Regulation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>U.S. Department of the Treasury. \u201cOffice of the Comptroller of the Currency.\u201d Accessed November 2013. http:\/\/www.occ.gov\/.\n\n <\/span>National Credit Union Administration. \u201cAbout NCUA.\u201d Accessed November 2013. http:\/\/www.ncua.gov\/about\/Pages\/default.aspx.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
How a Central Bank Executes Monetary Policy*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. \u201cFederal Open Market Committee.\u201d Accessed September 3, 2013. http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/fomc.htm.\n\n <\/span>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. \u201cReserve Requirements.\u201d Accessed November 5, 2013. http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/reservereq.htm.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Pitfalls for Monetary Policy*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Tobin, James. \u201cThe Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Monetary Policy.\u201d Library of Economics and Liberty<\/em><\/span>. Accessed November 2013. http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/MonetaryPolicy.html.\n\n <\/span>Federal Reserve Bank of New York. \u201cThe Founding of the Fed.\u201d Accessed November 2013. http:\/\/www.newyorkfed.org\/aboutthefed\/history_article.html.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Exchange Rates and International Capital Flows<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Exchange Rate Policies*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Friedman, Milton. Capitalism and Freedom<\/em><\/span>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Government Budgets and Fiscal Policy<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Government Spending*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Kramer, Mattea, et. al. A People's Guide to the Federal Budget. <\/em><\/span> National Priorities Project. Northampton: Interlink Books, 2012.\n\n <\/span>Kurtzleben, Danielle. \u201c10 States With The Largest Budget Shortfalls.\u201d U.S. News & World Report<\/em><\/span>. Januray 14, 2011. http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2011\/01\/14\/10-states-with-the-largest-budget-shortfalls.\n\n <\/span>Miller, Rich, and William Selway. \u201cU.S. Cities and States Start Spending Again.\u201d BloombergBusinessweek<\/em><\/span>, January 10, 2013. http:\/\/www.businessweek.com\/articles\/2013-01-10\/u-dot-s-dot-cities-and-states-start-spending-again.\n\n <\/span>Weisman, Jonathan. \u201cAfter Year of Working Around Federal Cuts, Agencies Face Fewer Options.\u201d The New York Times<\/em><\/span>, October 26, 2013. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/10\/27\/us\/politics\/after-year-of-working-around-federal-cuts-agencies-face-fewer-options.html?_r=0.\n\n <\/span>Chantrill, Christopher. USGovernmentSpending.com. \u201cGovernment Spending Details: United States Federal State and Local Government Spending, Fiscal Year 2013.\u201d http:\/\/www.usgovernmentspending.com\/year_spending_2013USbn_15bs2n_20.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Taxation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Burman, Leonard E., and Joel Selmrod. Taxes in America: What Everyone Needs to Know<\/em><\/span>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.\n\n <\/span>Hall, Robert E., and Alvin Rabushka. The Flat Tax (Hoover Classics)<\/em><\/span>. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 2007.\n\n <\/span>Kliff, Sarah. \u201cHow Congress Paid for Obamacare (in Two Charts).\u201d The Washington Post: WonkBlog <\/em><\/span> (blog), August 30, 2012. http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/wonkblog\/wp\/2012\/08\/30\/how-congress-paid-for-obamacare-in-two-charts\/.\n\n <\/span>Matthews, Dylan. \u201cAmerica\u2019s Taxes are the Most Progressive in the World. Its Government is Among the Least.\u201d The Washington Post: WonkBlog<\/em><\/span> (blog). April 5, 2013. http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/wonkblog\/wp\/2013\/04\/05\/americas-taxes-are-the-most-progressive-in-the-world-its-government-is-among-the-least\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Federal Deficits and the National Debt*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Eisner, Robert. The Great Deficit Scares: The Federal Budget, Trade, and Social Security<\/em><\/span>. New York: Priority Press Publications, 1997.\n\n <\/span>Weisman, Jonathan, and Ashley Parker. \u201cRepublicans Back Down, Ending Crisis Over Shutdown and Debt Limit.\u201d The New York Times<\/em><\/span>, October 16, 2013. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/10\/17\/us\/congress-budget-debate.html.\n\n <\/span>Wessel, David. Red Ink: Inside the High-Stakes Politics of Federal Budget<\/em><\/span>. New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2013.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Using Fiscal Policy to Fight Recession, Unemployment, and Inflation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Alesina, Alberto, and Francesco Giavazzi. Fiscal Policy after the Financial Crisis (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)<\/em><\/span>. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 2013.\n\n <\/span>Martin, Fernando M. \u201cFiscal Policy in the Great Recession and Lessons from the Past.\u201d Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: Economic Synopses<\/em><\/span>. no. 1 (2012). http:\/\/research.stlouisfed.org\/publications\/es\/12\/ES_2012-01-06.pdf.\n\n <\/span>Bivens, Josh, Andrew Fieldhouse, and Heidi Shierholz. \u201cFrom Free-fall to Stagnation: Five Years After the Start of the Great Recession, Extraordinary Policy Measures Are Still Needed, But Are Not Forthcoming.\u201d Economic Policy Institute<\/em><\/span>. Last modified February 14, 2013. http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/bp355-five-years-after-start-of-great-recession\/.\n\n <\/span>Lucking, Brian, and Dan Wilson. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, \u201cFRBSF Economic Letter\u2014U.S. Fiscal Policy: Headwind or Tailwind?\u201d Last modified July 2, 2012. http:\/\/www.frbsf.org\/economic-research\/publications\/economic-letter\/2012\/july\/us-fiscal-policy\/.\n\n <\/span>Greenstone, Michael, and Adam Looney. Brookings. \u201cThe Role of Fiscal Stimulus in the Ongoing Recovery.\u201d Last modified July 6, 2012. http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blogs\/jobs\/posts\/2012\/07\/06-jobs-greenstone-looney.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Practical Problems with Discretionary Fiscal Policy*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Leduc, Sylvain, and Daniel Wilson. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco: Working Paper Series. \u201cAre State Governments Roadblocks to Federal Stimulus? Evidence from Highway Grants in the 2009 Recovery Act. (Working Paper 2013-16).\u201d Last modified July 2013. http:\/\/www.frbsf.org\/economic-research\/files\/wp2013-16.pdf.\n\n <\/span>Lucking, Brian, and Daniel Wilson. \u201cFRBSF Economic Letter-Fiscal Headwinds: Is the Other Shoe About to Drop?\u201d Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco<\/em><\/span>. Last modified June 3, 2013. http:\/\/www.frbsf.org\/economic-research\/publications\/economic-letter\/2013\/june\/fiscal-headwinds-federal-budget-policy\/.\n\n <\/span>Recovery.gov. \u201cTrack the Money.\u201d http:\/\/www.recovery.gov\/Pages\/default.aspx.\n\n <\/span>Bastagli, Francesca, David Coady, and Sanjeev Gupta. International Monetary Fund. \u201cIMF Staff Discussion Note: Income Inequality and Fiscal Policy.\u201d Last modified June 28, 2012. http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/sdn\/2012\/sdn1208.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
The Impacts of Government Borrowing<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Fiscal Policy, Investment, and Economic Growth*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of Economic Analysis. \u201cNational Data: National Income and Product Accounts Tables.\u201d Accessed December 1, 2013. http:\/\/www.bea.gov\/iTable\/iTable.cfm?ReqID=9&step=1#reqid=9&step=3&isuri=1&910=X&911=0&903=146&904=2008&905=2013&906=A.\n\n <\/span>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, \u201cSelected Interest Rates (Daily) \u2013 H.15.\u201d Accessed December 10, 2013. http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/releases\/h15\/data.htm.\n\n <\/span>The White House. \u201cFiscal Year 2013 Historical Tables: Budget of the U.S. Government.\u201d Accessed December 12, 2013. http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/omb\/budget\/fy2013\/assets\/hist.pdf.\n\n <\/span>The National Science Foundation. Accessed December 19, 2013. http:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Fiscal Policy and the Trade Balance*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>The White House. \u201cThis is why it's time to make college more affordable.\u201d Last modified August 20, 2013. http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/share\/college-affordability.\n\n <\/span>Rubin, Robert E., Peter R. Orszag, and Allen Sinai. \u201cSustained Budget Deficits: Longer-Run U.S. Economic Performance and the Risk of Financial and Fiscal Disarray.\u201d Last modified January 4, 2004. http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/~\/media\/research\/files\/papers\/2004\/1\/05budgetdeficit%20orszag\/20040105.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Macroeconomic Policy Around the World<\/div>\n
\n
\n
The Diversity of Countries and Economies across the World*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>International Labour Organization. \u201cGlobal Employment Trends for Youth 2013.\u201d http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/research\/global-reports\/global-employment-trends\/youth\/2013\/lang\u2014en\/index.htm.\n\n <\/span>International Monetary Fund. \u201cWorld Economic and Financial Surveys: World Economic Outlook\u2014Transitions and Tensions.\u201d Last modified October 2013. http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/weo\/2013\/02\/pdf\/text.pdf.\n\n <\/span>Nobelprize.org. \u201cThe Prize in Economics 1987 - Press Release.\u201d Nobel Media AB 2013<\/em><\/span>. Last modified October 21, 1987. http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/economic-sciences\/laureates\/1987\/press.html.\n\n <\/span>Redvers, Louise. BBC News Business. \u201cYouth unemployment: The big question and South Africa.\u201d Last modified October 31, 2012. http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/business-20125053.\n\n <\/span>The World Bank. \u201cThe Complete World Development Report Online.\u201d http:\/\/www.wdronline.worldbank.org\/.\n\n <\/span>The World Bank. \u201cWorld DataBank.\u201d http:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/data\/home.aspx.\n\n <\/span>Todaro, Michael P., and Stephen C Smith. Economic Development (11th<\/sup>Edition)<\/em><\/span>. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley: Pearson, 2011, chap. 1\u20132.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Improving Countries\u2019 Standards of Living*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>\u201cShinzo Abe\u2019s Government Looks Likely to Disappoint on Fiscal Consolidation.\u201d The Economist<\/em><\/span>, May 4, 2013. http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/finance-and-economics\/21577080-shinzo-abes-government-looks-likely-disappoint-fiscal-consolidation-dont.\n\n <\/span>Banerjee, Abhijit V., and Esther Duflo. Poor Economics<\/em><\/span>. \u201cAbout the Book: Overview.\u201d http:\/\/pooreconomics.com\/about-book.\n\n <\/span>CARE International. \u201cAbout Us.\u201d Accessed January 14, 2014. http:\/\/www.care-international.org\/about-us.aspx.\n\n <\/span>Central Intelligence Agency. \u201cThe World Factbook: Africa, Burundi.\u201d Last modified November 12, 2013. https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/by.html.\n\n <\/span>Central Intelligence Agency. \u201cThe World Factbook: Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.\u201d Last modified November 12, 2013. https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/cg.html.\n\n <\/span>Easterly, William. The White Man\u2019s Burden: Why the West\u2019s Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good<\/em><\/span>. Penguin Group (USA), 2006.\n\n <\/span>Goel, Vindu. \u201cFacebook Leads an Effort to Lower Barriers to Internet Access,\u201d The New York Times.<\/em><\/span> Last modified August 20, 2013.\n\n <\/span>Google. \u201cProject Loon.\u201d http:\/\/www.google.com\/loon\/.\n\n <\/span>GOV.UK. \u201cDepartment for International Development.\u201d https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/organisations\/department-for-international-development.\n\n <\/span>The World Bank. \u201cMillennium Development Goals.\u201d http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/mdgs\/.\n\n <\/span>Todaro, Michael P., and Stephen C Smith. Economic Development (11th<\/sup> Edition)<\/em><\/span>. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley: Pearson, 2011, chap. 3.\n\n <\/span>Vercillo, Siera. \u201cThe Failures of Canadian Foreign Aid: Tied, Mismanaged and Uncoordinated.\u201d The Attach\u00e9 Journal of International Affairs<\/em><\/span>. (2010). http:\/\/sieravercillo.wordpress.com\/2010\/04\/17\/published-article-the-failures-of-canadian-foreign-aid-tied-mismanaged-and-uncoordinated\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Causes of Unemployment around the World*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Viscusi, Gregory, and Mark Deen. \u201cWhy France Has So Many 49-Employee Companies.\u201d Business Week<\/em><\/span>. Last modified May 3, 2012. http:\/\/www.businessweek.com\/articles\/2012-05-03\/why-france-has-so-many-49-employee-companies.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Balance of Trade Concerns*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Edwards, S. (n.d.). \u201cAmerica\u2019s Unsustainable Current Account Deficit.\u201d National Bureau of Economic Research Digest<\/em><\/span>. http:\/\/www.nber.org\/digest\/mar06\/w11541.html. http:\/\/www.ustr.gov\/trade-agreements\/free-trade-agreements\/north-american-free-trade-agreement-nafta.\n\n <\/span>New Country Classifications | Data. (n.d.). Accessed January 14, 2014. http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/news\/new-country-classifications.\n\n <\/span>Office of the United States Trade Representative: Executive Office of the President. \u201cNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).\u201d\n\n <\/span>Why India\u2019s Labour Laws are a Problem. (2006, May 18). BBC<\/em><\/span>. May 18, 2006. http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/south_asia\/4984256.stm.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
International Trade<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Absolute and Comparative Advantage*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Krugman, Paul R. Pop Internationalism<\/em><\/span>. The MIT Press, Cambridge. 1996.\n\n <\/span>Krugman, Paul R. \u201cWhat Do Undergrads Need to Know about Trade?\u201d American Economic Review<\/em><\/span> 83, no. 2. 1993. 23-26.\n\n <\/span>Ricardo, David. On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation<\/em><\/span>. London: John Murray, 1817.\n\n <\/span>Ricardo, David. \u201cOn the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation.\u201d Library of Economics and Liberty.<\/em><\/span> http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Ricardo\/ricP.html.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
What Happens When a Country Has an Absolute Advantage in All Goods*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Bernstein, William J. A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World<\/em><\/span>. Atlantic Monthly Press. New York. 2008.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Intra-industry Trade between Similar Economies*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Vernengo, Matias. \u201cWhat Do Undergraduates Really Need to Know About Trade and Finance?\u201d in Political Economy and Contemporary Capitalism: Radical Perspectives on Economic Theory and Policy<\/em><\/span>, ed. Ron Baiman, Heather Boushey, and Dawn Saunders. M. E. Sharpe Inc, 2000. Armonk. 177-183.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
The Benefits of Reducing Barriers to International Trade*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>World Trade Organization. \u201cThe Doha Round.\u201d Accessed October 2013. http:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/tratop_e\/dda_e\/dda_e.htm.\n\n <\/span>The World Bank. \u201cData: World Development Indicators.\u201d Accessed October 2013. http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/data-catalog\/world-development-indicators.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Globalization and Protectionism<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Protectionism: An Indirect Subsidy from Consumers to Producers*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cIndustries at a Glance.\u201d Accessed December 31, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iag\/.\n\n <\/span>Oxfam International. Accessed January 6, 2014. http:\/\/www.oxfam.org\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
International Trade and Its Effects on Jobs, Wages, and Working Conditions*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cData Retrieval: Employment, Hours, and Earnings (CES).\u201d Last modified February 1, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/webapps\/legacy\/cesbtab1.htm.\n\n <\/span>Kristof, Nicholas. \u201cLet Them Sweat.\u201d The New York Times<\/em><\/span>, June 25, 2002. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2002\/06\/25\/opinion\/let-them-sweat.html.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Arguments in Support of Restricting Imports*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>Kohut, Andrew, Richard Wike, and Juliana Horowitz. \u201cThe Pew Global Attitudes Project.\u201d Pew Research Center<\/em><\/span>. Last modified October 4, 2007. http:\/\/www.pewglobal.org\/files\/pdf\/258.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
How Trade Policy Is Enacted: Globally, Regionally, and Nationally*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>United States Department of Commerce. \u201cAbout the Department of Commerce.\u201d Accessed January 6, 2014. http:\/\/www.commerce.gov\/about-department-commerce.\n\n <\/span>United States International Trade Commission. \u201cAbout the USITC.\u201d Accessed January 6, 2014. http:\/\/www.usitc.gov\/press_room\/about_usitc.htm.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
The Tradeoffs of Trade Policy*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n <\/span>E. Helpman, and O. Itskhoki, \u201cLabour Market Rigidities, Trade and Unemployment,\u201d The Review of Economic Studies<\/em><\/span>, 77. 3 (2010): 1100-1137.\n\n <\/span>M.J. Melitz, and D. Trefler. \u201cGains from Trade when Firms Matter.\u201d The Journal of Economic Perspectives<\/em><\/span>, 26.2 (2012): 91-118.\n\n <\/span>Rauch, J. \u201cWas Mancur Olson Wrong?\u201d The American<\/em><\/span>, February 15, 2013. http:\/\/www.american.com\/archive\/2013\/february\/was-mancur-olson-wrong.\n\n <\/span>Office of the United States Trade Representative. \u201cU.S. Trade Representative Froman Announces FY 2014 WTO Tariff-Rate Quota Allocations for Raw Cane Sugar, Refined and Specialty Sugar and Sugar-Containing Products.\u201dAccessed January 6, 2014. http:\/\/www.ustr.gov\/about-us\/press-office\/press-releases\/2013\/september\/WTO-trq-for-sugar.\n\n <\/span>The World Bank. \u201cMerchandise trade (% of GDP).\u201d Accessed January 4, 2014. http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/TG.VAL.TOTL.GD.ZS.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","rendered":"
\n

References<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n
\n
Welcome to Economics!<\/div>\n
\n
\n
What Economics Is and Why It’s Important*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Williamson, Lisa. \u201cUS Labor Market in 2012.\u201d Bureau of Labor Statistics<\/em><\/span>. Accessed December 1, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/mlr\/2013\/03\/art1full.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
How Economies Can Be Organized: An Overview of Economic Systems*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>The Heritage Foundation. \u201c2013 Index of Economic Freedom, Country Rankings.\u201d http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/ranking.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Garling, Caleb. \u201cS.F. plane crash: Reporting, emotions on social media,\u201d The San Francisco Chronicle<\/em><\/span>. July 7, 2013. http:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/news\/article\/S-F-plane-crash-Reporting-emotions-on-social-4651639.php.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Irvine, Jessica. \u201cSocial Networking Sites are Factories of Modern Ideas.\u201d The Sydney Morning Herald<\/em><\/span>. November 25, 2011.http:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/federal-politics\/society-and-culture\/social-networking-sites-are-factories-of-modern-ideas-20111124-1nwy3.html#ixzz2YZhPYeME.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Twitter. Twitter Statistics. Accessed July 5, 2013. http:\/\/www.statisticbrain.com\/twitter-statistics\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Choice in a World of Scarcity<\/div>\n
\n
\n
How Individuals Make Choices Based on Their Budget Constraint*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cEarnings and unemployment rates by educational attainment.\u201d Accessed August 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/ep_chart_001.htm<\/p>\n

<\/span>Robbins, Lionel. An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science<\/em><\/span>. London: Macmillan. 1932.<\/p>\n

<\/span>United States Department of Transportation. \u201cTotal Passengers on U.S Airlines and Foreign Airlines U.S. Flights Increased 1.3% in 2012 from 2011.\u201d Accessed October 2013. http:\/\/www.rita.dot.gov\/bts\/press_releases\/bts016_13<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Confronting Objections to the Economic Approach*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Smith, Adam. \u201cOf Restraints upon the Importation from Foreign Countries.\u201d In The Wealth of Nations<\/em><\/span>. London: Methuen & Co., 1904, first pub 1776), I.V. 2.9.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Smith, Adam. \u201cOf the Propriety of Action.\u201d In The Theory of Moral Sentiments<\/em><\/span>. London: A. Millar, 1759, 1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Demand and Supply<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium in Markets for Goods and Services*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Costanza, Robert, and Lisa Wainger. \u201cNo Accounting For Nature: How Conventional Economics Distorts the Value of Things.\u201d The Washington Post<\/em><\/span>. September 2, 1990.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Radford, R. A. \u201cThe Economic Organisation of a P.O.W. Camp.\u201d Economica<\/em><\/span>. no. 48 (1945): 189-201. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2550133.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Shifts in Demand and Supply for Goods and Services*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Landsburg, Steven E. The Armchair Economist: Economics and Everyday Life<\/em><\/span>. New York: The Free Press. 2012. specifically Section IV: How Markets Work.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Wessel, David. \u201cSaudi Arabia Fears $40-a-Barrel Oil, Too.\u201d The Wall Street Journal<\/em><\/span>. May 27, 2004, p. 42. http:\/\/online.wsj.com\/news\/articles\/SB108561000087822300.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Changes in Equilibrium Price and Quantity: The Four-Step Process*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Pew Research Center. \u201cPew Research: Center for the People & the Press.\u201d http:\/\/www.people-press.org\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Labor and Financial Markets<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Demand and Supply at Work in Labor Markets*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>National Center for Educational Statistics. \u201cDigest of Education Statistics.\u201d (2008 and 2010). Accessed December 11, 2013. nces.ed.gov.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Demand and Supply in Financial Markets*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>CreditCards.com. 2013. http:\/\/www.creditcards.com\/credit-card-news\/credit-card-industry-facts-personal-debt-statistics-1276.php.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The Macroeconomic Perspective<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Measuring the Size of the Economy: Gross Domestic Product*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of Economic Analysis. \u201cNational data: National Income and Product Accounts Tables.\u201d http:\/\/bea.gov\/iTable\/iTable.cfm?ReqID=9&step=1.<\/p>\n

<\/span>U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cCensus of Governments: 2012 Census of Governments.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/govs\/cog2012\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>United States Department of Transportation. \u201cAbout DOT.\u201d Last modified March 2, 2012. http:\/\/www.dot.gov\/about.<\/p>\n

<\/span>U.S. Department of Energy. \u201cEnergy.gov.\u201d http:\/\/energy.gov\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. \u201cAgency for Healthcare Research and Quality.\u201d http:\/\/www.ahrq.gov\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>United States Department of Agriculture. \u201cUSDA.\u201d http:\/\/www.usda.gov\/wps\/portal\/usda\/usdahome.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Schneider, Friedrich. Department of Economics. \u201cSize and Development of the Shadow Economy of 31 European and 5 other OECD Countries from 2003 to 2013: A Further Decline.\u201d Johannes Kepler University<\/em><\/span>. Last modified April 5, 2013. http:\/\/www.econ.jku.at\/members\/Schneider\/files\/publications\/2013\/ShadEcEurope31_Jan2013.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Tracking Real GDP over Time*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>The National Bureau of Economic Research. \u201cInformation on Recessions and Recoveries, the NBER Business Cycle Dating Committee, and related topics.\u201d http:\/\/www.nber.org\/cycles\/main.html.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Economic Growth<\/div>\n
\n
\n
The Relatively Recent Arrival of Economic Growth*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Bolt, Jutta, and Jan Luiten van Zanden. \u201cThe Maddison Project: The First Update of the Maddison Project Re-Estimating Growth Before 1820 (Maddison-Project Working Paper WP-4).\u201d University of Groningen: Groningen Growth and Development Centre<\/em><\/span>. Last modified January 2013. http:\/\/www.ggdc.net\/maddison\/publications\/pdf\/wp4.pdf.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Central Intelligence Agency. \u201cThe World Factbook: Country Comparison GDP (Purchasing Power Parity).\u201d https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/rankorder\/2001rank.html.<\/p>\n

<\/span>DeLong, Brad. \u201cLighting the Rocket of Growth and Lightening the Toil of Work: Another Outtake from My \u2018Slouching Towards Utopia\u2019 MS….\u201d This is Brad DeLong’s Grasping Reality<\/em><\/span> (blog). September 3, 2013. http:\/\/delong.typepad.com\/sdj\/2013\/09\/lighting-the-rocket-of-growth-and-lightening-the-toil-of-work-another-outtake-from-my-slouching-towards-utopia-ms.html.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Easterlin, Richard A. \u201cThe Worldwide Standard of Living since 1800.\u201d The Journal of Economic Perspectives<\/em><\/span>. no. 1 (2000): 7\u201326. http:\/\/pubs.aeaweb.org\/doi\/pdfplus\/10.1257\/jep.14.1.7.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Maddison, Angus. Contours of the World Economy 1-2030 AD: Essays in Macro-Economic History<\/em><\/span>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.<\/p>\n

<\/span>British Library. \u201cTreasures in Full: Magna Carta.\u201d http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/treasures\/magnacarta\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Rothbard, Murray N. Ludwig von Mises Institute. \u201cProperty Rights and the Theory of Contracts.\u201d The Ethics of Liberty<\/em><\/span>. Last modified June 22, 2007. http:\/\/mises.org\/daily\/2580.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Salois, Matthew J., J. Richard Tiffin, and Kelvin George Balcombe. IDEAS: Research Division of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. \u201cImpact of Income on Calorie and Nutrient Intakes: A Cross-Country Analysis.\u201d Presention at the annual meeting of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, Pittsburg, PA, July 24\u201326, 2011. http:\/\/ideas.repec.org\/p\/ags\/aaea11\/103647.html.<\/p>\n

<\/span>van Zanden, Jan Luiten. The Long Road to the Industrial Revolution: The European Economy in a Global Perspective, 1000\u20131800 (Global Economic History Series)<\/em><\/span>. Boston: Brill, 2009.<\/p>\n

<\/span>The World Bank. \u201cCPIA Property Rights and Rule-based Governance Rating (1=low to 6=high).\u201d http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/IQ.CPA.PROP.XQ.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Rex A. Hudson, ed. Brazil: A Country Study<\/em><\/span>. \u201cSpectacular Growth, 1968\u201373.\u201d Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1997. http:\/\/countrystudies.us\/brazil\/64.htm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Components of Economic Growth*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>\u201cWomen and the World Economy: A Guide to Womenomics.\u201d The Economist<\/em><\/span>, April 12, 2006. http:\/\/www.economist.com\/node\/6802551.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Farole, Thomas, and Gokhan Akinci, eds. Special Economic Zones: Progress, Emerging Challenges, and Future Directions<\/em><\/span>. Washington: The World Bank, 2011. http:\/\/publications.worldbank.org\/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=24138.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Garcia, Abraham, and Pierre Mohnen. United Nations University, Maastricht Economic and Social Research and Training Centre on Innovation and Technology: UNU-MERIT. \u201cImpact of Government Support on R&D and Innovation (Working Paper Series #2010-034).\u201d http:\/\/www.merit.unu.edu\/publications\/wppdf\/2010\/wp2010-034.pdf.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Heston, Alan, Robert Summers, and Bettina Aten. \u201cPenn World Table Version 7.1.\u201d Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices at the University of Pennsylvania<\/em><\/span>. Last modified July 2012. https:\/\/pwt.sas.upenn.edu\/php_site\/pwt71\/pwt71_form.php.<\/p>\n

<\/span>United States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cWomen at Work: A Visual Essay.\u201d Monthly Labor Review<\/em><\/span>, October 2003, 45\u201350. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/mlr\/2003\/10\/ressum3.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Economic Convergence*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Central Intelligence Agency. \u201cThe World Factbook: Country Comparison: GDP\u2013Real Growth Rate.\u201d https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/rankorder\/2003rank.html.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Sen, Amartya. \u201cHunger in the Contemporary World (Discussion Paper DEDPS\/8).\u201d
\nThe Suntory Centre: London School of Economics and Political Science<\/em><\/span>. Last modified November 1997. http:\/\/sticerd.lse.ac.uk\/dps\/de\/dedps8.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Unemployment<\/div>\n
\n
\n
What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Long Run*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Bureau of Labor Statistics. Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey. August 14, 2013<\/em><\/span> http:\/\/data.bls.gov\/timeseries\/LNS14000000.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Cappelli, P. (20 June 2012). \u201cWhy Good People Can\u2019t Get Jobs: Chasing After the Purple Squirrel.\u201d http:\/\/knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu\/article.cfm?articleid=3027.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Inflation<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Tracking Inflation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Sources for Table\u00a08.1<\/a>:<!–cnx.newline–><\/p>\n

http:\/\/data.bls.gov\/cgi-bin\/surveymost?ap<!–cnx.newline–><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/ro3\/apmw.htm<!–cnx.newline–><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/moneybuilder\/2012\/05\/10\/average-price-of-a-new-car\/<!–cnx.newline–><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.realtor.org\/topics\/existing-home-sales<!–cnx.newline–><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/empsit.t24.htm<!–cnx.newline–><\/p>\n

http:\/\/business.time.com\/2013\/02\/19\/movie-ticket-prices-hit-all-time-high-in-2012-why-thats-probably-good-for-moviegoers\/<!–cnx.newline–><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/ERP-2013\/pdf\/ERP-2013-table31.pdf<\/p>\n

<\/span> US Inflation Calculator. “Historical Inflation Rates: 1914-2013.” Accessed November, 2013. http:\/\/www.usinflationcalculator.com\/inflation\/historical-inflation-rates\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The Confusion Over Inflation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Shiller, Robert. \u201cWhy Do People Dislike Inflation?\u201d NBER Working Paper Series, National Bureau of Economic Research<\/em><\/span>, p. 52. 1996.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Indexing and Its Limitations*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Wines, Michael. \u201cHow Bad is Inflation in Zimbabwe?\u201d The New York Times<\/em><\/span>, May 2, 2006. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/05\/02\/world\/africa\/02zimbabwe.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Hanke, Steve H. \u201cR.I.P. Zimbabwe Dollar.\u201d CATO Institute<\/em><\/span>. Accessed December 31, 2013. http:\/\/www.cato.org\/zimbabwe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The International Trade and Capital Flows<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Measuring Trade Balances*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Central Intelligence Agency. \u201cThe World Factbook.\u201d Last modified October 31, 2013. https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/gm.html.<\/p>\n

<\/span>U.S. Department of Commerce. \u201cBureau of Economic Analysis.\u201d Last modified December 1, 2013. http:\/\/www.bea.gov\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>U.S. Department of Commerce. \u201cUnited States Census Bureau.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The Pros and Cons of Trade Deficits and Surpluses*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Tabuchi, Hiroko. \u201cJapan Reports a $78 Billion Trade Deficit for 2012.\u201d The New York Times<\/em><\/span>, January 23, 2013. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/01\/24\/business\/global\/japan-reports-a-78-billion-trade-deficit-for-2012.html?_r=0.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The Aggregate Supply\u2013Aggregate Demand Model<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Macroeconomic Perspectives on Demand and Supply*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Keynes, John Maynard. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money<\/em><\/span>. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1936.<\/p>\n

<\/span>U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cNew Residential Sales: Historical Data.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/construction\/nrs\/historical_data\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Shifts in Aggregate Supply*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Mercer. \u201cPay Increases for U.S. Employees Illustrate the \u201cNew Normal\u201d by Staying the Course: Employers\u2019 Focus Remains on Top Performer Pay and Employee Engagement.\u201d Last modified July 16, 2013. http:\/\/www.mercer.com\/press-releases\/1539840.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Shifts in Aggregate Demand*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>The Conference Board, Inc. \u201cConsumer Measures.\u201d Last modified November 2013. http:\/\/www.conference-board.org\/data\/consumerdata.cfm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
How the AS\u2013AD Model Incorporates Growth, Unemployment, and Inflation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Library of Economics and Liberty. \u201cThe Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Jean-Baptiste Say.\u201d http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/bios\/Say.html.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Library of Economics and Liberty. \u201cThe Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: John Maynard Keynes.\u201d http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/bios\/Keynes.html.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The Keynesian Perspective<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Aggregate Demand in Keynesian Analysis*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Mahapatra, Lisa. \u201cUS Exports To China Have Grown 294% Over The Past Decade.\u201d International Business Times<\/em><\/span>. Last modified July 09, 2013. http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/us-exports-china-have-grown-294-over-past-decade-1338693.<\/p>\n

<\/span>The Conference Board, Inc. \u201cGlobal Economic Outlook 2014, November 2013.\u201d http:\/\/www.conference-board.org\/data\/globaloutlook.cfm.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Thomas, G. Scott. \u201cRecession claimed 170,000 small businesses in two years.\u201d The Business Journals<\/em><\/span>. Last modified July 24, 2012. http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/bizjournals\/on-numbers\/scott-thomas\/2012\/07\/recession-claimed-170000-small.html.<\/p>\n

<\/span>United States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cTop Picks.\u201d http:\/\/data.bls.gov\/cgi-bin\/surveymost?bls.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The Building Blocks of Keynesian Analysis*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Harford, Tim. \u201cWhat Price Supply and Demand?\u201d http:\/\/timharford.com\/2014\/01\/what-price-supply-and-demand\/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter.<\/p>\n

<\/span>National Employment Law Project. \u201cJob Creation and Economic Recovery.\u201d http:\/\/www.nelp.org\/index.php\/content\/content_issues\/category\/job_creation_and_economic_recovery\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The Phillips Curve*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Hoover, Kevin. \u201cPhillips Curve.\u201d The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics<\/em><\/span>. http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/PhillipsCurve.html.<\/p>\n

<\/span>U.S. Government Printing Office. \u201cEconomic Report of the President.\u201d http:\/\/1.usa.gov\/1c3psdL.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The Keynesian Perspective on Market Forces*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Blinder, Alan S., and Mark Zandi. \u201cHow the Great Recession Was Brought to an End.\u201d Last modified July 27, 2010. http:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/~blinder\/End-of-Great-Recession.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The Neoclassical Perspective<\/div>\n
\n
\n
The Building Blocks of Neoclassical Analysis*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>The National Bureau of Economic Research. http:\/\/www.nber.org\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cThe 2012 Statistical Abstract.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/compendia\/statab\/cats\/education.html.<\/p>\n

<\/span>U.S. Department of the Treasury. \u201cTARP Programs.\u201d Last modified December 12, 2013. http:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/initiatives\/financial-stability\/TARP-Programs\/Pages\/default.aspx.<\/p>\n

<\/span>United States Government. \u201cRecovery.gov: Track the Money.\u201d Last modified October 30, 2013. http:\/\/www.recovery.gov\/Pages\/default.aspx.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The Policy Implications of the Neoclassical Perspective*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>American Statistical Association. \u201cASA Headlines.\u201d http:\/\/www.amstat.org\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Haubrich, Joseph G., George Pennacchi, and Peter Ritchken. \u201cWorking Paper 11-07: Inflation Expectations, Real Rates, and Risk Premia: Evidence from Inflation Swaps.\u201d Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland<\/em><\/span>. Last modified March 2011. http:\/\/www.clevelandfed.org\/research\/workpaper\/2011\/wp1107.pdf.<\/p>\n

<\/span>University of Michigan: Institute for Social Research. \u201cSurvey Research Center.\u201d http:\/\/www.src.isr.umich.edu\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Balancing Keynesian and Neoclassical Models*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Carvalho, Carlos, Stefano Eusepi, and Christian Grisse. \u201cPolicy Initiatives in the Global Recession: What Did Forecasters Expect?\u201d Federal Reserve Bank of New York: Current Issues in Economics and Finance<\/em><\/span>, 18, no. 2 (2012). http:\/\/www.newyorkfed.org\/research\/current_issues\/ci18-2.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Money and Banking<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Defining Money by Its Functions*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Hogendorn, Jan and Marion Johnson. The Shell Money of the Slave Trade<\/em><\/span>. Cambridge University Press, 2003. 6.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Measuring Money: Currency, M1, and M2*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Federal Reserve Statistical Release. November 23, 2013. http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/RELEASES\/h6\/current\/default.htm#t2tg1link.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The Role of Banks*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Richard W. Fisher. \u201cEnding ‘Too Big to Fail’: A Proposal for Reform Before It’s Too Late (With Reference to Patrick Henry, Complexity and Reality) Remarks before the Committee for the Republic, Washington, D.C. Dallas Federal Reserve. January 16, 2013.<\/p>\n

<\/span>\u201cCommercial Banks in the U.S.\u201d Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Accessed November 2013. http:\/\/research.stlouisfed.org\/fred2\/series\/USNUM.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
How Banks Create Money*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Bitcoin. 2013. www.bitcoin.org.<\/p>\n

<\/span>National Public Radio. Lawmakers and Regulators Take Closer Look at Bitcoin<\/em><\/span>. November 19, 2013. http:\/\/thedianerehmshow.org\/shows\/2013-11-19\/lawmakers-and-regulators-take-closer-look-bitcoin.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Monetary Policy and Bank Regulation<\/div>\n
\n
\n
The Federal Reserve Banking System and Central Banks*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Matthews, Dylan. \u201cNine amazing facts about Janet Yellen, our next Fed chair.\u201d Wonkblog. The Washington Post<\/em><\/span>. Posted October 09, 2013. http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/wonkblog\/wp\/2013\/10\/09\/nine-amazing-facts-about-janet-yellen-our-next-fed-chair\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Appelbaum, Binyamin. \u201cDivining the Regulatory Goals of Fed Rivals.\u201d The New York Times<\/em><\/span>. Posted August 14, 2013. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/08\/14\/business\/economy\/careers-of-2-fed-contenders-reveal-little-on-regulatory-approach.html?pagewanted=3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Bank Regulation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>U.S. Department of the Treasury. \u201cOffice of the Comptroller of the Currency.\u201d Accessed November 2013. http:\/\/www.occ.gov\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>National Credit Union Administration. \u201cAbout NCUA.\u201d Accessed November 2013. http:\/\/www.ncua.gov\/about\/Pages\/default.aspx.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
How a Central Bank Executes Monetary Policy*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. \u201cFederal Open Market Committee.\u201d Accessed September 3, 2013. http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/fomc.htm.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. \u201cReserve Requirements.\u201d Accessed November 5, 2013. http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/monetarypolicy\/reservereq.htm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Pitfalls for Monetary Policy*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Tobin, James. \u201cThe Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Monetary Policy.\u201d Library of Economics and Liberty<\/em><\/span>. Accessed November 2013. http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/MonetaryPolicy.html.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Federal Reserve Bank of New York. \u201cThe Founding of the Fed.\u201d Accessed November 2013. http:\/\/www.newyorkfed.org\/aboutthefed\/history_article.html.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Exchange Rates and International Capital Flows<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Exchange Rate Policies*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Friedman, Milton. Capitalism and Freedom<\/em><\/span>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Government Budgets and Fiscal Policy<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Government Spending*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Kramer, Mattea, et. al. A People’s Guide to the Federal Budget. <\/em><\/span> National Priorities Project. Northampton: Interlink Books, 2012.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Kurtzleben, Danielle. \u201c10 States With The Largest Budget Shortfalls.\u201d U.S. News & World Report<\/em><\/span>. Januray 14, 2011. http:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2011\/01\/14\/10-states-with-the-largest-budget-shortfalls.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Miller, Rich, and William Selway. \u201cU.S. Cities and States Start Spending Again.\u201d BloombergBusinessweek<\/em><\/span>, January 10, 2013. http:\/\/www.businessweek.com\/articles\/2013-01-10\/u-dot-s-dot-cities-and-states-start-spending-again.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Weisman, Jonathan. \u201cAfter Year of Working Around Federal Cuts, Agencies Face Fewer Options.\u201d The New York Times<\/em><\/span>, October 26, 2013. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/10\/27\/us\/politics\/after-year-of-working-around-federal-cuts-agencies-face-fewer-options.html?_r=0.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Chantrill, Christopher. USGovernmentSpending.com. \u201cGovernment Spending Details: United States Federal State and Local Government Spending, Fiscal Year 2013.\u201d http:\/\/www.usgovernmentspending.com\/year_spending_2013USbn_15bs2n_20.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Taxation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Burman, Leonard E., and Joel Selmrod. Taxes in America: What Everyone Needs to Know<\/em><\/span>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Hall, Robert E., and Alvin Rabushka. The Flat Tax (Hoover Classics)<\/em><\/span>. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 2007.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Kliff, Sarah. \u201cHow Congress Paid for Obamacare (in Two Charts).\u201d The Washington Post: WonkBlog <\/em><\/span> (blog), August 30, 2012. http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/wonkblog\/wp\/2012\/08\/30\/how-congress-paid-for-obamacare-in-two-charts\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Matthews, Dylan. \u201cAmerica\u2019s Taxes are the Most Progressive in the World. Its Government is Among the Least.\u201d The Washington Post: WonkBlog<\/em><\/span> (blog). April 5, 2013. http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/wonkblog\/wp\/2013\/04\/05\/americas-taxes-are-the-most-progressive-in-the-world-its-government-is-among-the-least\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Federal Deficits and the National Debt*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Eisner, Robert. The Great Deficit Scares: The Federal Budget, Trade, and Social Security<\/em><\/span>. New York: Priority Press Publications, 1997.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Weisman, Jonathan, and Ashley Parker. \u201cRepublicans Back Down, Ending Crisis Over Shutdown and Debt Limit.\u201d The New York Times<\/em><\/span>, October 16, 2013. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/10\/17\/us\/congress-budget-debate.html.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Wessel, David. Red Ink: Inside the High-Stakes Politics of Federal Budget<\/em><\/span>. New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2013.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Using Fiscal Policy to Fight Recession, Unemployment, and Inflation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Alesina, Alberto, and Francesco Giavazzi. Fiscal Policy after the Financial Crisis (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)<\/em><\/span>. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 2013.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Martin, Fernando M. \u201cFiscal Policy in the Great Recession and Lessons from the Past.\u201d Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: Economic Synopses<\/em><\/span>. no. 1 (2012). http:\/\/research.stlouisfed.org\/publications\/es\/12\/ES_2012-01-06.pdf.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Bivens, Josh, Andrew Fieldhouse, and Heidi Shierholz. \u201cFrom Free-fall to Stagnation: Five Years After the Start of the Great Recession, Extraordinary Policy Measures Are Still Needed, But Are Not Forthcoming.\u201d Economic Policy Institute<\/em><\/span>. Last modified February 14, 2013. http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/bp355-five-years-after-start-of-great-recession\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Lucking, Brian, and Dan Wilson. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, \u201cFRBSF Economic Letter\u2014U.S. Fiscal Policy: Headwind or Tailwind?\u201d Last modified July 2, 2012. http:\/\/www.frbsf.org\/economic-research\/publications\/economic-letter\/2012\/july\/us-fiscal-policy\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Greenstone, Michael, and Adam Looney. Brookings. \u201cThe Role of Fiscal Stimulus in the Ongoing Recovery.\u201d Last modified July 6, 2012. http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blogs\/jobs\/posts\/2012\/07\/06-jobs-greenstone-looney.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Practical Problems with Discretionary Fiscal Policy*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Leduc, Sylvain, and Daniel Wilson. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco: Working Paper Series. \u201cAre State Governments Roadblocks to Federal Stimulus? Evidence from Highway Grants in the 2009 Recovery Act. (Working Paper 2013-16).\u201d Last modified July 2013. http:\/\/www.frbsf.org\/economic-research\/files\/wp2013-16.pdf.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Lucking, Brian, and Daniel Wilson. \u201cFRBSF Economic Letter-Fiscal Headwinds: Is the Other Shoe About to Drop?\u201d Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco<\/em><\/span>. Last modified June 3, 2013. http:\/\/www.frbsf.org\/economic-research\/publications\/economic-letter\/2013\/june\/fiscal-headwinds-federal-budget-policy\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Recovery.gov. \u201cTrack the Money.\u201d http:\/\/www.recovery.gov\/Pages\/default.aspx.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Bastagli, Francesca, David Coady, and Sanjeev Gupta. International Monetary Fund. \u201cIMF Staff Discussion Note: Income Inequality and Fiscal Policy.\u201d Last modified June 28, 2012. http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/sdn\/2012\/sdn1208.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The Impacts of Government Borrowing<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Fiscal Policy, Investment, and Economic Growth*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of Economic Analysis. \u201cNational Data: National Income and Product Accounts Tables.\u201d Accessed December 1, 2013. http:\/\/www.bea.gov\/iTable\/iTable.cfm?ReqID=9&step=1#reqid=9&step=3&isuri=1&910=X&911=0&903=146&904=2008&905=2013&906=A.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, \u201cSelected Interest Rates (Daily) \u2013 H.15.\u201d Accessed December 10, 2013. http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/releases\/h15\/data.htm.<\/p>\n

<\/span>The White House. \u201cFiscal Year 2013 Historical Tables: Budget of the U.S. Government.\u201d Accessed December 12, 2013. http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/omb\/budget\/fy2013\/assets\/hist.pdf.<\/p>\n

<\/span>The National Science Foundation. Accessed December 19, 2013. http:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Fiscal Policy and the Trade Balance*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>The White House. \u201cThis is why it’s time to make college more affordable.\u201d Last modified August 20, 2013. http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/share\/college-affordability.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Rubin, Robert E., Peter R. Orszag, and Allen Sinai. \u201cSustained Budget Deficits: Longer-Run U.S. Economic Performance and the Risk of Financial and Fiscal Disarray.\u201d Last modified January 4, 2004. http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/~\/media\/research\/files\/papers\/2004\/1\/05budgetdeficit%20orszag\/20040105.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Macroeconomic Policy Around the World<\/div>\n
\n
\n
The Diversity of Countries and Economies across the World*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>International Labour Organization. \u201cGlobal Employment Trends for Youth 2013.\u201d http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/research\/global-reports\/global-employment-trends\/youth\/2013\/lang\u2014en\/index.htm.<\/p>\n

<\/span>International Monetary Fund. \u201cWorld Economic and Financial Surveys: World Economic Outlook\u2014Transitions and Tensions.\u201d Last modified October 2013. http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/weo\/2013\/02\/pdf\/text.pdf.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Nobelprize.org. \u201cThe Prize in Economics 1987 – Press Release.\u201d Nobel Media AB 2013<\/em><\/span>. Last modified October 21, 1987. http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/economic-sciences\/laureates\/1987\/press.html.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Redvers, Louise. BBC News Business. \u201cYouth unemployment: The big question and South Africa.\u201d Last modified October 31, 2012. http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/business-20125053.<\/p>\n

<\/span>The World Bank. \u201cThe Complete World Development Report Online.\u201d http:\/\/www.wdronline.worldbank.org\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>The World Bank. \u201cWorld DataBank.\u201d http:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/data\/home.aspx.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Todaro, Michael P., and Stephen C Smith. Economic Development (11th<\/sup>Edition)<\/em><\/span>. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley: Pearson, 2011, chap. 1\u20132.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Improving Countries\u2019 Standards of Living*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>\u201cShinzo Abe\u2019s Government Looks Likely to Disappoint on Fiscal Consolidation.\u201d The Economist<\/em><\/span>, May 4, 2013. http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/finance-and-economics\/21577080-shinzo-abes-government-looks-likely-disappoint-fiscal-consolidation-dont.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Banerjee, Abhijit V., and Esther Duflo. Poor Economics<\/em><\/span>. \u201cAbout the Book: Overview.\u201d http:\/\/pooreconomics.com\/about-book.<\/p>\n

<\/span>CARE International. \u201cAbout Us.\u201d Accessed January 14, 2014. http:\/\/www.care-international.org\/about-us.aspx.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Central Intelligence Agency. \u201cThe World Factbook: Africa, Burundi.\u201d Last modified November 12, 2013. https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/by.html.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Central Intelligence Agency. \u201cThe World Factbook: Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.\u201d Last modified November 12, 2013. https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/cg.html.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Easterly, William. The White Man\u2019s Burden: Why the West\u2019s Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good<\/em><\/span>. Penguin Group (USA), 2006.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Goel, Vindu. \u201cFacebook Leads an Effort to Lower Barriers to Internet Access,\u201d The New York Times.<\/em><\/span> Last modified August 20, 2013.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Google. \u201cProject Loon.\u201d http:\/\/www.google.com\/loon\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>GOV.UK. \u201cDepartment for International Development.\u201d https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/organisations\/department-for-international-development.<\/p>\n

<\/span>The World Bank. \u201cMillennium Development Goals.\u201d http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/mdgs\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Todaro, Michael P., and Stephen C Smith. Economic Development (11th<\/sup> Edition)<\/em><\/span>. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley: Pearson, 2011, chap. 3.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Vercillo, Siera. \u201cThe Failures of Canadian Foreign Aid: Tied, Mismanaged and Uncoordinated.\u201d The Attach\u00e9 Journal of International Affairs<\/em><\/span>. (2010). http:\/\/sieravercillo.wordpress.com\/2010\/04\/17\/published-article-the-failures-of-canadian-foreign-aid-tied-mismanaged-and-uncoordinated\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Causes of Unemployment around the World*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Viscusi, Gregory, and Mark Deen. \u201cWhy France Has So Many 49-Employee Companies.\u201d Business Week<\/em><\/span>. Last modified May 3, 2012. http:\/\/www.businessweek.com\/articles\/2012-05-03\/why-france-has-so-many-49-employee-companies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Balance of Trade Concerns*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Edwards, S. (n.d.). \u201cAmerica\u2019s Unsustainable Current Account Deficit.\u201d National Bureau of Economic Research Digest<\/em><\/span>. http:\/\/www.nber.org\/digest\/mar06\/w11541.html. http:\/\/www.ustr.gov\/trade-agreements\/free-trade-agreements\/north-american-free-trade-agreement-nafta.<\/p>\n

<\/span>New Country Classifications | Data. (n.d.). Accessed January 14, 2014. http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/news\/new-country-classifications.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Office of the United States Trade Representative: Executive Office of the President. \u201cNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/span>Why India\u2019s Labour Laws are a Problem. (2006, May 18). BBC<\/em><\/span>. May 18, 2006. http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/south_asia\/4984256.stm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
International Trade<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Absolute and Comparative Advantage*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Krugman, Paul R. Pop Internationalism<\/em><\/span>. The MIT Press, Cambridge. 1996.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Krugman, Paul R. \u201cWhat Do Undergrads Need to Know about Trade?\u201d American Economic Review<\/em><\/span> 83, no. 2. 1993. 23-26.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Ricardo, David. On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation<\/em><\/span>. London: John Murray, 1817.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Ricardo, David. \u201cOn the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation.\u201d Library of Economics and Liberty.<\/em><\/span> http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Ricardo\/ricP.html.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
What Happens When a Country Has an Absolute Advantage in All Goods*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Bernstein, William J. A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World<\/em><\/span>. Atlantic Monthly Press. New York. 2008.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Intra-industry Trade between Similar Economies*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Vernengo, Matias. \u201cWhat Do Undergraduates Really Need to Know About Trade and Finance?\u201d in Political Economy and Contemporary Capitalism: Radical Perspectives on Economic Theory and Policy<\/em><\/span>, ed. Ron Baiman, Heather Boushey, and Dawn Saunders. M. E. Sharpe Inc, 2000. Armonk. 177-183.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The Benefits of Reducing Barriers to International Trade*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>World Trade Organization. \u201cThe Doha Round.\u201d Accessed October 2013. http:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/tratop_e\/dda_e\/dda_e.htm.<\/p>\n

<\/span>The World Bank. \u201cData: World Development Indicators.\u201d Accessed October 2013. http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/data-catalog\/world-development-indicators.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Globalization and Protectionism<\/div>\n
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\n
Protectionism: An Indirect Subsidy from Consumers to Producers*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cIndustries at a Glance.\u201d Accessed December 31, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iag\/.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Oxfam International. Accessed January 6, 2014. http:\/\/www.oxfam.org\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
International Trade and Its Effects on Jobs, Wages, and Working Conditions*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cData Retrieval: Employment, Hours, and Earnings (CES).\u201d Last modified February 1, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/webapps\/legacy\/cesbtab1.htm.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Kristof, Nicholas. \u201cLet Them Sweat.\u201d The New York Times<\/em><\/span>, June 25, 2002. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2002\/06\/25\/opinion\/let-them-sweat.html.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Arguments in Support of Restricting Imports*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>Kohut, Andrew, Richard Wike, and Juliana Horowitz. \u201cThe Pew Global Attitudes Project.\u201d Pew Research Center<\/em><\/span>. Last modified October 4, 2007. http:\/\/www.pewglobal.org\/files\/pdf\/258.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
How Trade Policy Is Enacted: Globally, Regionally, and Nationally*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>United States Department of Commerce. \u201cAbout the Department of Commerce.\u201d Accessed January 6, 2014. http:\/\/www.commerce.gov\/about-department-commerce.<\/p>\n

<\/span>United States International Trade Commission. \u201cAbout the USITC.\u201d Accessed January 6, 2014. http:\/\/www.usitc.gov\/press_room\/about_usitc.htm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The Tradeoffs of Trade Policy*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

<\/span>E. Helpman, and O. Itskhoki, \u201cLabour Market Rigidities, Trade and Unemployment,\u201d The Review of Economic Studies<\/em><\/span>, 77. 3 (2010): 1100-1137.<\/p>\n

<\/span>M.J. Melitz, and D. Trefler. \u201cGains from Trade when Firms Matter.\u201d The Journal of Economic Perspectives<\/em><\/span>, 26.2 (2012): 91-118.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Rauch, J. \u201cWas Mancur Olson Wrong?\u201d The American<\/em><\/span>, February 15, 2013. http:\/\/www.american.com\/archive\/2013\/february\/was-mancur-olson-wrong.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Office of the United States Trade Representative. \u201cU.S. Trade Representative Froman Announces FY 2014 WTO Tariff-Rate Quota Allocations for Raw Cane Sugar, Refined and Specialty Sugar and Sugar-Containing Products.\u201dAccessed January 6, 2014. http:\/\/www.ustr.gov\/about-us\/press-office\/press-releases\/2013\/september\/WTO-trq-for-sugar.<\/p>\n

<\/span>The World Bank. \u201cMerchandise trade (% of GDP).\u201d Accessed January 4, 2014. http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/TG.VAL.TOTL.GD.ZS.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t

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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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