Attributions

Microeconomics

Except where expressly noted otherwise, the contents of this course are based on materials published by OpenStax College. These materials were originally published freely under a Creative Commons Attribution License (you can review the license at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The original version of the materials as published by OpenStax College may be accessed for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11613/1.2.

Collection edited by: OpenStax College
Content authors: OpenStax College and OpenStax College
Based on: Principles of Economics <http://cnx.org/content/col11613/1.2>.
Online: <http://cnx.org/content/col11627/1.5>
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Attributions

Cover: CC-BY 2.0 Tile pattern by Lauren Manning http://www.flickr.com/photos/laurenmanning/2318922360

Collection: Microeconomics
Edited by: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/col11627/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Based on: Principles of Economics <http://cnx.org/content/col11613/1.2> arranged by OpenStax College.

 

Module: Preface
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m49463/1.2/
Copyright: OpenStax College
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48590/1.8/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: What Is Economics, and Why Is It Important?
Used here as: What Economics Is and Why It’s Important
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48591/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48592/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: How Economists Use Theories and Models to Understand Economic Issues
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48593/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: How Economies Can Be Organized: An Overview of Economic Systems
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48594/1.9/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Choice in a World of Scarcity
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48602/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: How Individuals Make Choices Based on Their Budget Constraint
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48605/1.6/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: The Production Possibilities Frontier and Social Choices
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48607/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Confronting Objections to the Economic Approach
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48608/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Demand and Supply
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48628/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium in Markets for Goods and Services
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48629/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Shifts in Demand and Supply for Goods and Services
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48630/1.7/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Changes in Equilibrium Price and Quantity: The Four-Step Process
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48631/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Price Ceilings and Price Floors
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48632/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Labor and Financial Markets
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48636/1.7/
Copyright: OpenStax College and Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Demand and Supply at Work in Labor Markets
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48637/1.7/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Demand and Supply in Financial Markets
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48638/1.7/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: The Market System as an Efficient Mechanism for Information
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48639/1.8/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Elasticity
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48611/1.7/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Price Elasticity of Demand and Price Elasticity of Supply
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48614/1.7/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Polar Cases of Elasticity and Constant Elasticity
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48616/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

 

Module: Elasticity and Pricing
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48618/1.7/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Elasticity in Areas Other Than Price
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48619/1.10/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Consumer Choices
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48640/1.8/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Consumption Choices
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48641/1.9/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: How Changes in Income and Prices Affect Consumption Choices
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48642/1.7/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Labor-Leisure Choices
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48643/1.7/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Intertemporal Choices in Financial Capital Markets
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48644/1.7/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Cost and Industry Structure
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48620/1.8/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Explicit and Implicit Costs, and Accounting and Economic Profit
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48621/1.6/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: The Structure of Costs in the Short Run
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48625/1.7/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: The Structure of Costs in the Long Run
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48626/1.7/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Perfect Competition
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48645/1.6/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Perfect Competition and Why It Matters
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48646/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

 

Module: How Perfectly Competitive Firms Make Output Decisions
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48647/1.7/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Entry and Exit Decisions in the Long Run
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48648/1.3/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

 

Module: Efficiency in Perfectly Competitive Markets
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48649/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to a Monopoly
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48650/1.6/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: How Monopolies Form: Barriers to Entry
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48651/1.6/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: How a Profit-Maximizing Monopoly Chooses Output and Price
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48652/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48658/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Monopolistic Competition
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48659/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Oligopoly
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48660/1.6/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48661/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Corporate Mergers
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48662/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

 

Module: Regulating Anticompetitive Behavior
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48663/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Regulating Natural Monopolies
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48666/1.6/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: The Great Deregulation Experiment
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48667/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Environmental Protection and Negative Externalities
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48668/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: The Economics of Pollution
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48669/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Command-and-Control Regulation
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48670/1.3/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

 

Module: Market-Oriented Environmental Tools
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48671/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: The Benefits and Costs of U.S. Environmental Laws
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48672/1.6/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: International Environmental Issues
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48673/1.9/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: The Tradeoff between Economic Output and Environmental Protection
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48674/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Positive Externalities and Public Goods
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48675/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Why the Private Sector Under Invests in Innovation
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48676/1.6/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: How Governments Can Encourage Innovation
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48678/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Public Goods
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48680/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Poverty and Economic Inequality
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48681/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Drawing the Poverty Line
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48683/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: The Poverty Trap
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48684/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: The Safety Net
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48685/1.2/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Income Inequality: Measurement and Causes
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48686/1.7/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Government Policies to Reduce Income Inequality
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48687/1.6/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Issues in Labor Markets: Unions, Discrimination, Immigration
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48689/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Unions
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48691/1.6/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Employment Discrimination
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48692/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Immigration
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48693/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Information, Risk, and Insurance
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48694/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: The Problem of Imperfect Information and Asymmetric Information
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48695/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

 

Module: Insurance and Imperfect Information
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48696/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Financial Markets
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48697/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: How Businesses Raise Financial Capital
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48698/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: How Households Supply Financial Capital
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48699/1.6/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: How to Accumulate Personal Wealth
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48700/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Introduction to Public Choice
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48701/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Voter Participation and Costs of Elections
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48702/1.3/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Special Interest Politics
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48703/1.4/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Flaws in the Democratic System of Government
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48704/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: The Use of Mathematics in Principles of Economics
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48831/1.7/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Demand, Supply, and Efficiency
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48832/1.7/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

 

Module: Indifference Curves
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48833/1.6/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

 

Module: Present Discounted Value
By: OpenStax College
URL: http://cnx.org/content/m48834/1.5/
Copyright: Rice University
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

About Connexions

Since 1999, Connexions has been pioneering a global system where anyone can create course materials and make them fully accessible and easily reusable free of charge. We are a Web-based authoring, teaching and learning environment open to anyone interested in education, including students, teachers, professors and lifelong learners. We connect ideas and facilitate educational communities. Connexions’s modular, interactive courses are in use worldwide by universities, community colleges, K-12 schools, distance learners, and lifelong learners. Connexions materials are in many languages, including English, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Italian, Vietnamese, French, Portuguese, and Thai.