Approximately 200 enzymes require NAD or NADP+. We will go through some selected functions of NAD and NADP+. The following figures and legends show and describe the functions of NAD and NADP+.

Figure 10.511 NAD is required for glycolysis¹

Figure 10.512 NAD is required for the transition reaction and at three different points in the citric acid cycle²

Figure 10.513 NAD is required for fatty acid oxidation

Figure 10.514 Alcohol oxidation; NAD is required by alcohol dehydrogenase, and the MEOS uses NADPH^3,4

Figure 10.515 Fatty acid synthesis uses NADPH⁵

HMG CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, uses NADPH. NADPH is also used by the antioxidant enzyme glutathione reductase as shown in the link below⁶.

References & Links

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CellRespiration.svg

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Citric_acid_cycle_with_aconitate_2.svg

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ethanol_flat_structure.png

4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetaldehyde#/media/File:Acetaldehyde-2D-flat.svg

5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrion

6. Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. (2008) Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.

Links

The Glutathione Oxidation Reduction (Redox) Cycle – http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/minerals/selenium/gsh.html