{"id":395,"date":"2016-12-09T14:49:03","date_gmt":"2016-12-09T14:49:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-social-psychology\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=395"},"modified":"2016-12-09T14:49:03","modified_gmt":"2016-12-09T14:49:03","slug":"the-two-cardinal-rules","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-social-psychology\/chapter\/the-two-cardinal-rules\/","title":{"raw":"The Two Cardinal Rules","rendered":"The Two Cardinal Rules"},"content":{"raw":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 90%\"><span class=\"headingSpan\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 14.4027px\"><span class=\"highlightSpan\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 14.4027px\">The Two Cardinal Rules of discussions:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">A \"Cardinal Rule\" is a rule that is so important that, if you break it, there are<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><b style=\"font-weight: bold\">dire<\/b><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>(...evil in great degree; dreadful; dismal; horrible; terrible)<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><b style=\"font-weight: bold\">consequences<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">If you do not follow the instructions on this page you will probably not pass this course!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">When you are participating in a discussion, each response you post will have two fields that you must complete correctly in order to get credit for your response: the\u00a0<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">Message field<\/strong><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>and the<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">Subject<\/strong><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>field.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul style=\"margin: 1em 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">\r\n \t<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">No matter how terrific your message is, if your Post Title isn't acceptable, your post will not meet the criteria for full credit.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">I suggest that you write your message test first, then write the Subject.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Here are the 2 Cardinal Rules:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b style=\"font-weight: bold\">1. Cardinal Rule #1:<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b style=\"font-weight: bold\">Your<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: italic;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">Message<\/em><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>must teach us something new and relevant about the issue. \u00a0<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13px\">The purpose of a discussion post is to provide new information about issue being discussed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 60px\"><span style=\"font-size: 13px\">Ask yourself these questions before you submit your discussion post:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol style=\"margin: 1em 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">\r\n \t<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal\">\r\n \t<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Is your message<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">accurate<\/strong>?<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Is it<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">relevant<\/strong><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">\u00a0<\/span>to the issue under discussion?<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Have you<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">taught us anything new<\/strong>?<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Is your information<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">properly cited and\/or documented<\/strong>?<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p style=\"margin-left: 30px\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\"><b style=\"font-weight: bold\">2.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\"><b style=\"font-weight: bold\">Cardinal Rule #2: Your<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: italic;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">Subject<\/em><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>must be a complete sentence that summarizes the main point of your post. \u00a0<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;float: none\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal\">You are required to create a<\/span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u00a0<\/span>Subject<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;float: none\">for your discussion posts that conveys the main point of your message. It is<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><b style=\"font-weight: bold;color: #000000;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px\">not enough<\/b><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;float: none\"><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">\u00a0<\/span>to use just a \"keyword\" or \"key phrase\" as your subject - you must create a short sentence (a complete sentence with subject - verb - predicate - which summarizes the main point you are making in your message.<\/span><\/b><\/span>\u00a0 <span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;color: #000000;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">Note:<\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;color: #000000;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">\u00a0you<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;color: #000000;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">must not use<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;color: #000000;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>the Subject that is automatically created<\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;color: #000000;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"> for you<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;color: #000000;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">-<\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;color: #000000;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">\u00a0you must replace it with a complete sentence that you create.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em 60px;padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The goal here is to state the main point of your message in your Subject. Remember - you can't just mention the topic you are commenting on, you must summarize your main point in a sentence. This requirement is intended to accomplish 2 goals:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul style=\"margin: 1em 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">\r\n \t<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\">\r\n \t<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It requires the author to think about and clearly state the main point of his\/her message. To do this, the author must have a clear understanding of the material, and this aids in learning and memory.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It provides the reader with advance information which is helpful in organizing and learning the content of the message. The reader should be able to determine the essence of your message just by reading your Subject.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b style=\"font-weight: bold\">Important notes:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol style=\"margin: 1em 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">\r\n \t<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It is OK to sometimes respond with non-informative messages. In fact, sometimes it is a good idea to thank someone for their assistance or simply let them know that you agree with what they have said. Non-academic messages such as these can add valuable<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">social presence<\/span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>to the course, and help to create a sense of collegiality. However, messages that add<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">teaching presence<\/span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>(knowledge) to the course count the most when I evaluate your participation in the discussion.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">If you copy\/paste or closely paraphrase information from websites or other sources, you<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">must<\/span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>use quotes and provide the citation. The most valuable messages are written in your own words. The quality of your discussion post is determined by the original content, not by content from other sources.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Most Important Note: \u00a0You are participating in the discussion for the benefit of yourself and the other students - not for the benefit of the instructor. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul style=\"margin: 1em 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">\r\n \t<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It does little or no good to submit posts very late in the module. \u00a0It is likely that no one will even read your last minute posts, and for that reason they do not add to the teaching \/ learning value of the discussion.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Low quality posts pretty much just waste your colleagues time. \u00a0Do them a favor by not submitting low quality posts.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 90%\"><span class=\"headingSpan\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 14.4027px\"><span class=\"highlightSpan\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 14.4027px\">The Two Cardinal Rules of discussions:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">A &#8220;Cardinal Rule&#8221; is a rule that is so important that, if you break it, there are<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><b style=\"font-weight: bold\">dire<\/b><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>(&#8230;evil in great degree; dreadful; dismal; horrible; terrible)<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><b style=\"font-weight: bold\">consequences<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">If you do not follow the instructions on this page you will probably not pass this course!<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">When you are participating in a discussion, each response you post will have two fields that you must complete correctly in order to get credit for your response: the\u00a0<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">Message field<\/strong><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>and the<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">Subject<\/strong><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>field.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 1em 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">No matter how terrific your message is, if your Post Title isn&#8217;t acceptable, your post will not meet the criteria for full credit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">I suggest that you write your message test first, then write the Subject.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Here are the 2 Cardinal Rules:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b style=\"font-weight: bold\">1. Cardinal Rule #1:<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b style=\"font-weight: bold\">Your<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: italic;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">Message<\/em><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>must teach us something new and relevant about the issue. \u00a0<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13px\">The purpose of a discussion post is to provide new information about issue being discussed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 60px\"><span style=\"font-size: 13px\">Ask yourself these questions before you submit your discussion post:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin: 1em 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Is your message<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">accurate<\/strong>?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Is it<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">relevant<\/strong><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">\u00a0<\/span>to the issue under discussion?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Have you<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">taught us anything new<\/strong>?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Is your information<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">properly cited and\/or documented<\/strong>?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 30px\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\"><b style=\"font-weight: bold\">2.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\"><b style=\"font-weight: bold\">Cardinal Rule #2: Your<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: italic;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">Subject<\/em><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>must be a complete sentence that summarizes the main point of your post. \u00a0<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;float: none\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal\">You are required to create a<\/span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u00a0<\/span>Subject<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;float: none\">for your discussion posts that conveys the main point of your message. It is<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><b style=\"font-weight: bold;color: #000000;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px\">not enough<\/b><span style=\"color: #000000;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;float: none\"><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px\">\u00a0<\/span>to use just a &#8220;keyword&#8221; or &#8220;key phrase&#8221; as your subject &#8211; you must create a short sentence (a complete sentence with subject &#8211; verb &#8211; predicate &#8211; which summarizes the main point you are making in your message.<\/span><\/b><\/span>\u00a0 <span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;color: #000000;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">Note:<\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;color: #000000;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">\u00a0you<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;color: #000000;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">must not use<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;color: #000000;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>the Subject that is automatically created<\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;color: #000000;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"> for you<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;color: #000000;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;color: #000000;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">\u00a0you must replace it with a complete sentence that you create.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em 60px;padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The goal here is to state the main point of your message in your Subject. Remember &#8211; you can&#8217;t just mention the topic you are commenting on, you must summarize your main point in a sentence. This requirement is intended to accomplish 2 goals:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 1em 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It requires the author to think about and clearly state the main point of his\/her message. To do this, the author must have a clear understanding of the material, and this aids in learning and memory.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It provides the reader with advance information which is helpful in organizing and learning the content of the message. The reader should be able to determine the essence of your message just by reading your Subject.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b style=\"font-weight: bold\">Important notes:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin: 1em 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It is OK to sometimes respond with non-informative messages. In fact, sometimes it is a good idea to thank someone for their assistance or simply let them know that you agree with what they have said. Non-academic messages such as these can add valuable<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">social presence<\/span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>to the course, and help to create a sense of collegiality. However, messages that add<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">teaching presence<\/span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>(knowledge) to the course count the most when I evaluate your participation in the discussion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">If you copy\/paste or closely paraphrase information from websites or other sources, you<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">must<\/span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>use quotes and provide the citation. The most valuable messages are written in your own words. The quality of your discussion post is determined by the original content, not by content from other sources.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin: 0px 0px 1em;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Most Important Note: \u00a0You are participating in the discussion for the benefit of yourself and the other students &#8211; not for the benefit of the instructor. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 1em 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;border: 0px;font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: small;color: #000000;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: start;text-indent: 0px\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It does little or no good to submit posts very late in the module. \u00a0It is likely that no one will even read your last minute posts, and for that reason they do not add to the teaching \/ learning value of the discussion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;border: 0px;font-weight: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-family: inherit;font-size: 13px;list-style-type: inherit\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Low quality posts pretty much just waste your colleagues time. \u00a0Do them a favor by not submitting low quality posts.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-395\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>The Two Cardinal Rules. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: WIlliam Pelz. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Herkimer College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/herkimer.open.suny.edu\/webapps\/blackboard\/execute\/content\/blankPage?cmd=view&#038;content_id=_5812_1&#038;course_id=_75_1\">https:\/\/herkimer.open.suny.edu\/webapps\/blackboard\/execute\/content\/blankPage?cmd=view&#038;content_id=_5812_1&#038;course_id=_75_1<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Social Psychology - Achieving the Dream course. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Principles of Social Psychology - 1st International Edition. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Rajiv Jhangiani, Hammond Tarry, and Charles Stangor. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: BC Campus OpenEd. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/open.bccampus.ca\/find-open-textbooks\/?uuid=66c0cf64-c485-442c-8183-de75151f13f5&#038;contributor=&#038;keyword=&#038;subject=\">https:\/\/open.bccampus.ca\/find-open-textbooks\/?uuid=66c0cf64-c485-442c-8183-de75151f13f5&#038;contributor=&#038;keyword=&#038;subject=<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":60,"menu_order":12,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"The Two Cardinal Rules\",\"author\":\"WIlliam Pelz\",\"organization\":\"Herkimer College\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/herkimer.open.suny.edu\/webapps\/blackboard\/execute\/content\/blankPage?cmd=view&content_id=_5812_1&course_id=_75_1\",\"project\":\"Social Psychology - 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