To “compose” or “constitute” is “to form” or “to make up”:
Smog is composed of smoke and fog.
Three parts constitute the whole.
“Include” indicates a selective, incomplete listing of constituents, implying the presence of other constituents as well:
The formation includes limestone and shale. (Other constituents are implied.)
Candela Citations
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- Style For Students Online. Authored by: Joe Schall. Provided by: The Pennsylvania State University. Located at: https://www.e-education.psu.edu/styleforstudents/. Project: Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences' OER Initiative. License: CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike