{"id":111,"date":"2015-07-21T20:15:30","date_gmt":"2015-07-21T20:15:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/styleforstudents\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=111"},"modified":"2015-07-21T20:15:30","modified_gmt":"2015-07-21T20:15:30","slug":"using-statistics-in-figures-and-tables","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-styleforstudents-1\/chapter\/using-statistics-in-figures-and-tables\/","title":{"raw":"Using Statistics in Figures and Tables","rendered":"Using Statistics in Figures and Tables"},"content":{"raw":"<div id=\"node-1941\" class=\"node\">\r\n\r\n  \r\n\r\n  <div class=\"content clear-block\">\r\n    <p>As you prepare figures and tables, remember how <em>not<\/em> to lie with statistics. One could accurately report that the real income of United States households was nearly the same in 1969 and 1992. However, according to an April 24, 1995, article in <em>Forbes<\/em> magazine, the real income per person grew by almost 40 percent in that span of time, because average family size and average household size declined. As this example demonstrates, effective data presentation and description often require you to set proper context.<\/p>\r\n<p>For an excellent review of how to achieve graphical excellence, chase down and study Edward R. Tufte\u2019s <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.edwardtufte.com\/tufte\/books_vdqi\" target=\"_blank\">The Visual Display of Quantitative Information<\/a><\/em>. To gain insight into how to avoid choosing statistics merely for the occasion, track down a copy of Darrell Huff\u2019s ironically titled classic, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/How-Lie-Statistics-Darrell-Huff\/dp\/0393310728\" target=\"_blank\">How to Lie with Statistics<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\r\n<div style=\"margin: 20px; padding: 10px; background: rgb(195, 171, 112) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;\">\r\n<h3>Self-Study<\/h3>\r\n<p>Entertaining webpages written by scientists on typical errors of data analysis reside at:<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.idi.ntnu.no\/grupper\/su\/publ\/pdf\/pitfalls.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\"Popular Pitfalls of Data Analysis\" page from a Research Fellow at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/my.execpc.com\/~helberg\/pitfalls\/\" target=\"_blank\">\"Pitfalls of Data Analysis\" article from the University of Wisconsin Schools of Nursing and Medicine<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<\/div>\r\n  \r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"clear-block\">\r\n    <div class=\"meta\">\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div id=\"node-1941\" class=\"node\">\n<div class=\"content clear-block\">\n<p>As you prepare figures and tables, remember how <em>not<\/em> to lie with statistics. One could accurately report that the real income of United States households was nearly the same in 1969 and 1992. However, according to an April 24, 1995, article in <em>Forbes<\/em> magazine, the real income per person grew by almost 40 percent in that span of time, because average family size and average household size declined. As this example demonstrates, effective data presentation and description often require you to set proper context.<\/p>\n<p>For an excellent review of how to achieve graphical excellence, chase down and study Edward R. Tufte\u2019s <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.edwardtufte.com\/tufte\/books_vdqi\" target=\"_blank\">The Visual Display of Quantitative Information<\/a><\/em>. To gain insight into how to avoid choosing statistics merely for the occasion, track down a copy of Darrell Huff\u2019s ironically titled classic, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/How-Lie-Statistics-Darrell-Huff\/dp\/0393310728\" target=\"_blank\">How to Lie with Statistics<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 20px; padding: 10px; background: rgb(195, 171, 112) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;\">\n<h3>Self-Study<\/h3>\n<p>Entertaining webpages written by scientists on typical errors of data analysis reside at:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.idi.ntnu.no\/grupper\/su\/publ\/pdf\/pitfalls.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Popular Pitfalls of Data Analysis&#8221; page from a Research Fellow at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/my.execpc.com\/~helberg\/pitfalls\/\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Pitfalls of Data Analysis&#8221; article from the University of Wisconsin Schools of Nursing and Medicine<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"clear-block\">\n<div class=\"meta\">\n        <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-111\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Style For Students Online. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Joe Schall. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: The Pennsylvania State University. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.e-education.psu.edu\/styleforstudents\/\">https:\/\/www.e-education.psu.edu\/styleforstudents\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Penn State&#039;s College of Earth and Mineral Sciences&#039; OER Initiative. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":9,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Style For Students Online\",\"author\":\"Joe Schall\",\"organization\":\"The Pennsylvania State University\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.e-education.psu.edu\/styleforstudents\/\",\"project\":\"Penn State\\'s College of Earth and Mineral Sciences\\' OER Initiative\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-111","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":104,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-styleforstudents-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-styleforstudents-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-styleforstudents-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-styleforstudents-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-styleforstudents-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/111\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":326,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-styleforstudents-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/111\/revisions\/326"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-styleforstudents-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/104"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-styleforstudents-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/111\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-styleforstudents-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-styleforstudents-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=111"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-styleforstudents-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=111"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-styleforstudents-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}