{"id":79,"date":"2015-07-21T18:58:02","date_gmt":"2015-07-21T18:58:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/styleforstudents\/?post_type=chapter&p=79"},"modified":"2015-07-21T18:58:02","modified_gmt":"2015-07-21T18:58:02","slug":"e-g-i-e-et-al","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-styleforstudents-1\/chapter\/e-g-i-e-et-al\/","title":{"raw":"e.g. \/ i.e. \/ et al.","rendered":"e.g. \/ i.e. \/ et al."},"content":{"raw":"
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\r\n\r\nIt is important to use these abbreviations literally and to punctuate them correctly. Many writers confuse \u201ce.g.\u201d and \u201ci.e.,\u201d and many type \u201cet al.\u201d improperly or do not properly recognize what words it represents.\r\n\r\nThe abbreviation \u201ce.g.\u201d is from the Latin exempli gratia<\/em> and means, literally, \u201cfor example.\u201d Periods come after each letter and a comma normally follows unless the example is a single word and no pause is natural:\r\n
Any facial response (e.g., a surprised blink of both eyes) was recorded.<\/blockquote>\r\nThe abbreviation \u201ci.e.\u201d is from the Latin id est<\/em>, meaning \u201cthat is.\u201d Loosely, \u201ci.e.\u201d is used to mean \u201ctherefore\u201d or \u201cin other words.\u201d Periods come after each letter and a comma normally follows, depending on whether the wording following the abbreviation dictates a natural pause:\r\n
In every case Angle 1 was greater than Angle 2\u2014i.e., every viewer perceived a circle.<\/blockquote>\r\nThe phrase \u201cet al.\u201d\u2014from the Latin et alii,<\/em> which literally means \u201cand others\u201d\u2014must always be typed with a space between the two words and with a period after the \u201cl\u201d (since the \u201cal.\u201d is an abbreviation). A comma does not follow the abbreviation unless the sentence\u2019s grammar requires it. Some journals italicize the phrase because it comes from the Latin, but most do not.\r\n
Schweiger et al. applied the neural network method.<\/blockquote>\r\nNever begin a sentence with any of these three abbreviations; if you want to begin a sentence with \u201cfor example\u201d or \u201ctherefore,\u201d always write the words out.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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It is important to use these abbreviations literally and to punctuate them correctly. Many writers confuse \u201ce.g.\u201d and \u201ci.e.,\u201d and many type \u201cet al.\u201d improperly or do not properly recognize what words it represents.<\/p>\n

The abbreviation \u201ce.g.\u201d is from the Latin exempli gratia<\/em> and means, literally, \u201cfor example.\u201d Periods come after each letter and a comma normally follows unless the example is a single word and no pause is natural:<\/p>\n

Any facial response (e.g., a surprised blink of both eyes) was recorded.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The abbreviation \u201ci.e.\u201d is from the Latin id est<\/em>, meaning \u201cthat is.\u201d Loosely, \u201ci.e.\u201d is used to mean \u201ctherefore\u201d or \u201cin other words.\u201d Periods come after each letter and a comma normally follows, depending on whether the wording following the abbreviation dictates a natural pause:<\/p>\n

In every case Angle 1 was greater than Angle 2\u2014i.e., every viewer perceived a circle.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The phrase \u201cet al.\u201d\u2014from the Latin et alii,<\/em> which literally means \u201cand others\u201d\u2014must always be typed with a space between the two words and with a period after the \u201cl\u201d (since the \u201cal.\u201d is an abbreviation). A comma does not follow the abbreviation unless the sentence\u2019s grammar requires it. Some journals italicize the phrase because it comes from the Latin, but most do not.<\/p>\n

Schweiger et al. applied the neural network method.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Never begin a sentence with any of these three abbreviations; if you want to begin a sentence with \u201cfor example\u201d or \u201ctherefore,\u201d always write the words out.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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