{"id":1506,"date":"2017-06-23T13:47:43","date_gmt":"2017-06-23T13:47:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-worldhistory\/?post_type=chapter&p=1506"},"modified":"2017-06-23T13:47:43","modified_gmt":"2017-06-23T13:47:43","slug":"the-peace-of-westphalia","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-worldhistory\/chapter\/the-peace-of-westphalia\/","title":{"raw":"The Peace of Westphalia","rendered":"The Peace of Westphalia"},"content":{"raw":"
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\r\n\r\nThe Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabr\u00fcck and M\u00fcnster that ended the Thirty Years' War.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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LEARNING OBJECTIVE<\/h4>\r\n
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  • Describe the terms of the Peace of Westphalia<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
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    KEY POINTS<\/h4>\r\n
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      • The end of the Thirty Years' War was not brought about by one treaty, but instead by a group of treaties, collectively named the Peace of Westphalia.<\/li>\r\n \t
      • The treaties did not restore peace throughout Europe, but they did create a basis for national self-determination.<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Along with several territorial adjustments, the terms of the Peace of Westphalia included a return to the principles in the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, in which each prince would have the right to determine the religion of his own state.<\/li>\r\n \t
      • The treaty also extended that tolerance to allow the minority religion of the territory to practice freely.<\/li>\r\n \t
      • The Peace of Westphalia established important political precedents for state sovereignty, inter-state diplomacy, and balance of power in Europe.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
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        TERMS<\/h4>\r\n
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        • fiefAn estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service.<\/li>\r\n \t
        • letters of marqueA government license authorizing a person (known as a privateer) to attack and capture enemy vessels and bring them before admiralty courts for condemnation and sale.<\/li>\r\n \t
        • Imperial DietThe legislative body of the Holy Roman Empire, theoretically superior to the emperor himself.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
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          FULL TEXT<\/h4>\r\n
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          Overview<\/h1>\r\nOver a four-year period, the warring parties of the Thirty Years' War (the Holy Roman Empire, France, and Sweden) were actively negotiating at Osnabr\u00fcck and M\u00fcnster in Westphalia. The end of the war was not brought about by one treaty, but instead by a group of treaties, collectively named the Peace of Westphalia. The three treaties involved were the Peace of M\u00fcnster (between the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of Spain), the Treaty of M\u00fcnster (between the Holy Roman Emperor and France and their respective allies), and the Treaty of Osnabr\u00fcck (between the Holy Roman Empire and Sweden and their respective allies).\r\n
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          The Ratification of the Treaty of M\u00fcnster, 1648<\/h2>\r\nThe Treaty of M\u00fcnster between the Holy Roman Emperor and France was one of three treaties that made up the Peace of Westphalia.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
          Painting of a large group of men overlooking a table containing the Treaty of M\u00fcnster.<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThese treaties ended both the Thirty Years' War (1618\u20131648) in the Holy Roman Empire and the Eighty Years' War (1568\u20131648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognizing the independence of the Dutch Republic.\r\n\r\nThe peace negotiations involved a total of 109 delegations representing European powers, including Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, Philip IV of Spain, the Kingdom of France, the Swedish Empire, the Dutch Republic, the princes of the Holy Roman Empire, and sovereigns of the free imperial cities.\r\n

          The Terms of the Peace Settlement<\/h1>\r\nAlong with ending open warfare between the belligerents, the Peace of Westphalia established several important tenets and agreements:\r\n