{"id":172,"date":"2017-10-27T17:10:47","date_gmt":"2017-10-27T17:10:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunynutrition\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=172"},"modified":"2017-11-10T17:49:48","modified_gmt":"2017-11-10T17:49:48","slug":"2-26-amino-acid-structures","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-herkimer-nutritionflex\/chapter\/2-26-amino-acid-structures\/","title":{"raw":"2.26 Amino Acid Structures","rendered":"2.26 Amino Acid Structures"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"__UNKNOWN__\">\r\n\r\nIt is a good idea to have a general idea of the structure of the different amino acids and to be able to recognize them as amino acids. You are not expected to memorize these structures. Often I say the name of amino acids and not all students understand that I am talking about an amino acid. Each amino acid differs only by its side group, which is circled in red in each figure below. Also, the more familiar you become with chemical structures, the more prepared you will be for later classes.\r\n<table><colgroup> <col span=\"3\" \/><\/colgroup>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193602\/100000000000014A000000A24481E8DC.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nHistidine<sup>1<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193604\/1000000000000131000000AE7F62B11F.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nIsoleucine<sup>2<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193605\/10000000000000FD000000E078B05179.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nLeucine<sup>3<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193606\/1000000000000128000000D8D9A26463.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nLysine<sup>4<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193607\/1000000000000157000000A70B3B77B0.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nMethionine<sup>5<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193608\/100000000000014F000000AF6871F92E.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nPhenylalanine<sup>6<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193609\/1000000000000104000000A8BE207B07.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nThreonine<sup>7<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193610\/10000000000000F0000000EEB05053E9.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nTryptophan<sup>8<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193611\/10000000000000D5000000B97DADC10A.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nValine<sup>9<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nFigure 2.261 Essential amino acids\r\n\r\nYou may hear someone talk about the branch chain amino acids, which are all essential amino acids, but they are singled out in the figure below.\r\n<div><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193611\/10000000000000D5000000B97DADC10A.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<div><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193605\/10000000000000FD000000E078B05179.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"305\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193604\/1000000000000131000000AE7F62B11F.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"305\" height=\"174\" \/> Figure 2.262 Branched chain amino acids; Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<table><colgroup> <col \/> <col \/> <col \/><\/colgroup>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193612\/10000201000000B40000004C447CDB78.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nArginine<sup>10<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193612\/100002010000008D000000449443555F.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nCysteine<sup>11<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193613\/10000201000000A000000044862787BA.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nGlutamine<sup>12<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193613\/100002010000009900000053E0EA5092.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nGlycine<sup>13<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193614\/100002010000008900000068E0FB76FD.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nProline<sup>14<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193615\/10000201000000A800000065CB65BC9D.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nTyrosine<sup>15<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nFigure 2.263 Conditionally essential amino acids\r\n<table><colgroup> <col \/> <col \/> <col \/><\/colgroup>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193616\/100002010000008F000000520070ABF7.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nAlanine<sup>16<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193616\/1000020100000088000000689A121832.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nAsparagine<sup>17<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193616\/10000201000000B80000005A5943EF5E.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nAspartate (aspartic acid)<sup>18<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193618\/10000201000000AA00000058CF17FC66.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nGlutamate (glutamic acid)<sup>19<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193618\/10000201000000900000007450CE7AC1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\nSerine<sup>20<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nFigure 2.264 Nonessential amino acids\r\n\r\n<b>References &amp; Links<\/b>\r\n\r\n1. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Histidine#\/media\/File:Histidin_-_Histidine.svg\r\n\r\n2. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isoleucine#\/media\/File:L-Isoleucin_-_L-Isoleucine.svg\r\n\r\n3. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leucine#\/media\/File:Leucine_Nonionic.svg\r\n\r\n4. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lysine#\/media\/File:L-lysine-monocation-2D-skeletal.png\r\n\r\n5. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Methionine#\/media\/File:Methionin_-_Methionine.svg\r\n\r\n6. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phenylalanine#\/media\/File:L-Phenylalanin_-_L-Phenylalanine.svg\r\n\r\n7. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Threonine#\/media\/File:Threonineasdf.png\r\n\r\n8. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tryptophan#\/media\/File:L-Tryptophan_-_L-Tryptophan.svg\r\n\r\n9. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valine#\/media\/File:ValinenotatpH7.4.png\r\n\r\n10. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arginine#\/media\/File:Arginin_-_Arginine.svg\r\n\r\n11. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cysteine#\/media\/File:L-Cystein_-_L-Cysteine.svg\r\n\r\n12. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glutamine#\/media\/File:L-Glutamin_-_L-Glutamine.svg\r\n\r\n13. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glycine#\/media\/File:Glycin_-_Glycine.svg\r\n\r\n14. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proline#\/media\/File:Prolin_-_Proline.svg\r\n\r\n15. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tyrosine#\/media\/File:L-Tyrosin_-_L-Tyrosine.svg\r\n\r\n16. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alanine#\/media\/File:L-Alanin_-_L-Alanine.svg\r\n\r\n17. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asparagine#\/media\/File:L-Asparagin_-_L-Asparagine.svg\r\n\r\n18. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aspartic_acid#\/media\/File:Aspartic_Acidph.png\r\n\r\n19. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glutamic_acid#\/media\/File:Glutamic_Non-ionic.png\r\n\r\n20. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serine#\/media\/File:L-Serin_-_L-Serine.svg\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"__UNKNOWN__\">\n<p>It is a good idea to have a general idea of the structure of the different amino acids and to be able to recognize them as amino acids. You are not expected to memorize these structures. Often I say the name of amino acids and not all students understand that I am talking about an amino acid. Each amino acid differs only by its side group, which is circled in red in each figure below. Also, the more familiar you become with chemical structures, the more prepared you will be for later classes.<\/p>\n<table>\n<colgroup>\n<col span=\"3\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193602\/100000000000014A000000A24481E8DC.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Histidine<sup>1<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193604\/1000000000000131000000AE7F62B11F.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Isoleucine<sup>2<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193605\/10000000000000FD000000E078B05179.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Leucine<sup>3<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193606\/1000000000000128000000D8D9A26463.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Lysine<sup>4<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193607\/1000000000000157000000A70B3B77B0.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Methionine<sup>5<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193608\/100000000000014F000000AF6871F92E.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Phenylalanine<sup>6<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193609\/1000000000000104000000A8BE207B07.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Threonine<sup>7<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193610\/10000000000000F0000000EEB05053E9.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Tryptophan<sup>8<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193611\/10000000000000D5000000B97DADC10A.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Valine<sup>9<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Figure 2.261 Essential amino acids<\/p>\n<p>You may hear someone talk about the branch chain amino acids, which are all essential amino acids, but they are singled out in the figure below.<\/p>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193611\/10000000000000D5000000B97DADC10A.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193605\/10000000000000FD000000E078B05179.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div style=\"width: 315px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193604\/1000000000000131000000AE7F62B11F.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"305\" height=\"174\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2.262 Branched chain amino acids; Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<table>\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193612\/10000201000000B40000004C447CDB78.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Arginine<sup>10<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193612\/100002010000008D000000449443555F.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Cysteine<sup>11<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193613\/10000201000000A000000044862787BA.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Glutamine<sup>12<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193613\/100002010000009900000053E0EA5092.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Glycine<sup>13<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193614\/100002010000008900000068E0FB76FD.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Proline<sup>14<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193615\/10000201000000A800000065CB65BC9D.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Tyrosine<sup>15<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Figure 2.263 Conditionally essential amino acids<\/p>\n<table>\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193616\/100002010000008F000000520070ABF7.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Alanine<sup>16<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193616\/1000020100000088000000689A121832.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Asparagine<sup>17<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193616\/10000201000000B80000005A5943EF5E.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Aspartate (aspartic acid)<sup>18<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193618\/10000201000000AA00000058CF17FC66.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Glutamate (glutamic acid)<sup>19<\/sup><\/td>\n<td>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/23193618\/10000201000000900000007450CE7AC1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Serine<sup>20<\/sup><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Figure 2.264 Nonessential amino acids<\/p>\n<p><b>References &amp; Links<\/b><\/p>\n<p>1. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Histidine#\/media\/File:Histidin_-_Histidine.svg<\/p>\n<p>2. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isoleucine#\/media\/File:L-Isoleucin_-_L-Isoleucine.svg<\/p>\n<p>3. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leucine#\/media\/File:Leucine_Nonionic.svg<\/p>\n<p>4. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lysine#\/media\/File:L-lysine-monocation-2D-skeletal.png<\/p>\n<p>5. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Methionine#\/media\/File:Methionin_-_Methionine.svg<\/p>\n<p>6. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phenylalanine#\/media\/File:L-Phenylalanin_-_L-Phenylalanine.svg<\/p>\n<p>7. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Threonine#\/media\/File:Threonineasdf.png<\/p>\n<p>8. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tryptophan#\/media\/File:L-Tryptophan_-_L-Tryptophan.svg<\/p>\n<p>9. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valine#\/media\/File:ValinenotatpH7.4.png<\/p>\n<p>10. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arginine#\/media\/File:Arginin_-_Arginine.svg<\/p>\n<p>11. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cysteine#\/media\/File:L-Cystein_-_L-Cysteine.svg<\/p>\n<p>12. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glutamine#\/media\/File:L-Glutamin_-_L-Glutamine.svg<\/p>\n<p>13. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glycine#\/media\/File:Glycin_-_Glycine.svg<\/p>\n<p>14. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proline#\/media\/File:Prolin_-_Proline.svg<\/p>\n<p>15. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tyrosine#\/media\/File:L-Tyrosin_-_L-Tyrosine.svg<\/p>\n<p>16. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alanine#\/media\/File:L-Alanin_-_L-Alanine.svg<\/p>\n<p>17. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asparagine#\/media\/File:L-Asparagin_-_L-Asparagine.svg<\/p>\n<p>18. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aspartic_acid#\/media\/File:Aspartic_Acidph.png<\/p>\n<p>19. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glutamic_acid#\/media\/File:Glutamic_Non-ionic.png<\/p>\n<p>20. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serine#\/media\/File:L-Serin_-_L-Serine.svg<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-172\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Kansas State University Human Nutrition Flexbook. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Brian Lindshield. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Kansas State University. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/goo.gl\/vOAnR\">http:\/\/goo.gl\/vOAnR<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":311,"menu_order":17,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Kansas State University Human Nutrition Flexbook\",\"author\":\"Brian Lindshield\",\"organization\":\"Kansas State 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