{"id":491,"date":"2017-10-26T14:15:15","date_gmt":"2017-10-26T14:15:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunynutrition\/?post_type=chapter&p=491"},"modified":"2017-11-13T19:45:10","modified_gmt":"2017-11-13T19:45:10","slug":"6-23-glycolysis","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-herkimer-nutritionflex\/chapter\/6-23-glycolysis\/","title":{"raw":"6.23 Glycolysis","rendered":"6.23 Glycolysis"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n\r\nIf a person is in a catabolic state or in need of energy, such as during fasting, most glucose-6-phosphate will be used for glycolysis.\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"682\"]\"\" Figure 6.231 The \"fork in the road\" for glucose-6-phosphate[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nGlycolysis is the breaking down of one glucose molecule (6 carbons) into two pyruvate molecules (3 carbons). During the process, a net of two ATPs and two NADHs are also produced.\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"800\"]\"\" Figure 6.232 Glycolysis1<\/sup>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe following animation, using ball-and-stick models, allows you to control the 3 steps of glycolysis.\r\n<\/colgroup>\r\n\r\n\r\n
Web Links<\/b>\r\n\r\nGlycolysis Animation<\/u><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n3 steps of Glycolysis<\/b>\r\n\r\n1. Energy investment step - 2 ATP are added to the 6 carbon molecule.\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1001\"]\"\" Figure 6.233 Glycolysis step 1, energy investment1<\/sup>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n2. Glucose Split - The 6 carbon molecule is split into two 3 carbon molecules.\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"941\"]\"\" Figure 6.234 Glycolysis step 2, glucose split1<\/sup>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n3. Energy harvesting step - 1 NADH and 2 ATPs are produced from each 3 carbon molecule (there are two 3 carbon molecules formed from each glucose).\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1008\"]\"\" Figure 6.235 Glycolysis step 3, energy harvesting1<\/sup>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nThus, from a molecule of glucose, the harvesting step produces a total of four ATPs and two NADHs. Subtracting the harvesting from the investment step, the net output from one molecule of glucose is two ATPs and two NADHs.\r\n\r\nThe figure below shows the stages of glycolysis, as well as the transition reaction, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain that are utilized by cells to produce energy. They are also the focus of the next 3 sections.\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"800\"]\"\" Figure 6.236 Glycolysis, transition reaction, citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain2<\/sup>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nReferences & Links<\/b>\r\n\r\n1. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Glycolysis.svg\r\n\r\n2. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:CellRespiration.svg\r\n\r\nLinks<\/b>\r\n\r\nGlycolysis Animation - http:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/departments\/Biology\/Bio231\/glycolysis.html\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"
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If a person is in a catabolic state or in need of energy, such as during fasting, most glucose-6-phosphate will be used for glycolysis.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 6.231 The “fork in the road” for glucose-6-phosphate<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Glycolysis is the breaking down of one glucose molecule (6 carbons) into two pyruvate molecules (3 carbons). During the process, a net of two ATPs and two NADHs are also produced.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 6.232 Glycolysis1<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

The following animation, using ball-and-stick models, allows you to control the 3 steps of glycolysis.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n
Web Links<\/b><\/p>\n

Glycolysis Animation<\/u><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3 steps of Glycolysis<\/b><\/p>\n

1. Energy investment step – 2 ATP are added to the 6 carbon molecule.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 6.233 Glycolysis step 1, energy investment1<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2. Glucose Split – The 6 carbon molecule is split into two 3 carbon molecules.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 6.234 Glycolysis step 2, glucose split1<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

3. Energy harvesting step – 1 NADH and 2 ATPs are produced from each 3 carbon molecule (there are two 3 carbon molecules formed from each glucose).<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 6.235 Glycolysis step 3, energy harvesting1<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Thus, from a molecule of glucose, the harvesting step produces a total of four ATPs and two NADHs. Subtracting the harvesting from the investment step, the net output from one molecule of glucose is two ATPs and two NADHs.<\/p>\n

The figure below shows the stages of glycolysis, as well as the transition reaction, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain that are utilized by cells to produce energy. They are also the focus of the next 3 sections.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 6.236 Glycolysis, transition reaction, citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain2<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

References & Links<\/b><\/p>\n

1. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Glycolysis.svg<\/p>\n

2. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:CellRespiration.svg<\/p>\n

Links<\/b><\/p>\n

Glycolysis Animation – http:\/\/www.science.smith.edu\/departments\/Biology\/Bio231\/glycolysis.html<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t

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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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