{"id":268,"date":"2018-09-24T15:16:20","date_gmt":"2018-09-24T15:16:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-osintrobus\/chapter\/international-banking\/"},"modified":"2018-10-12T18:59:10","modified_gmt":"2018-10-12T18:59:10","slug":"international-banking","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-herkimer-osintrobus\/chapter\/international-banking\/","title":{"raw":"International Banking","rendered":"International Banking"},"content":{"raw":"
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  1. What roles do U.S. banks play in the international marketplace?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

    The financial marketplace spans the globe, with money routinely flowing across international borders. U.S. banks play an important role in global business by providing loans to foreign governments and businesses. Multinational corporations need many special banking services, such as foreign-currency exchange and funding for overseas investments. U.S. banks also offer trade-related services, such as global cash management, that help firms manage their cash flows, improve their payment efficiency, and reduce their exposure to operational risks. Sometimes consumers in other nations have a need for banking services that banks in their own countries don\u2019t provide. Therefore, large banks often look beyond their national borders for profitable banking opportunities.<\/p>\r\n

    Many U.S. banks have expanded into overseas markets by opening offices in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. They often provide better customer service than local banks and have access to more sources of funding. Citibank<\/span>, for example, was the first bank to offer banking by phone and 24-hour-a-day ATM service in Japan.<\/p>\r\n

    For U.S. banks, expanding internationally can be difficult. Banks in other nations are often subject to fewer regulations than U.S. banks, making it easier for them to undercut American banks on the pricing of loans and services. Some governments also protect their banks against foreign competition. For example, the Chinese government imposes high fees and limits the amount of deposits that foreign banks can accept from customers. It also controls foreign-bank deposit and loan interest rates, limiting the ability of foreign banks to compete with government-owned Chinese banks. Despite the banking restrictions for foreign banks in China, many of the large U.S. banking institutions continue to do business there.[footnote]James Passeri, \u201cCitigroup Tops List of U.S. Banks with Exposure to China: Update,\u201d http:\/\/realmoney.thestreet.com, January 13, 2016.[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n

    International banks operating within the United States also have a substantial impact on the economy through job creation\u2014they employ thousands of people in the United States, and most workers are U.S. citizens\u2014operating and capital expenditures, taxes, and other contributions. According to March 2017 Federal Reserve data, the combined banking and nonbanking assets of the U.S. operations of foreign banks total more than $24 trillion.[footnote]\u201cAssets and Liabilities of U.S. Branches and Agencies of Foreign Banks,\u201d https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov, accessed September 8, 2017.[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    Table 15.7 Source: \u201cThe World\u2019s Biggest Banks in 2017: The American Bull Market Strengthens,\u201d Forbes,<\/em> http:\/\/www.forbes.com, May 24, 2017.<\/caption>\r\n
    The World\u2019s Biggest Banks, 2017<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
    Industrial and Commercial Bank of China<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    China Construction Bank<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    JPMorgan Chase & Co. (USA)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Wells Fargo & Co. (USA)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Agricultural Bank of China<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Bank of America Corp. (USA)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Bank of China Ltd.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Citigroup (USA)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    BNP Paribas (France)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (Japan)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

    The United States has four banks listed in the top 10 world\u2019s biggest banks, as shown in (Figure)<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

    Political and economic uncertainty in other countries can make international banking a high-risk venture. European and Asian banks were not immune to the financial crisis of 2007\u20132009. In fact, several countries, including Greece, Portugal, Spain, and Ireland, continue to rebound slowly from the near-collapse of their economic and financial systems they experienced a decade ago. Financial bailouts spearheaded by the European Union<\/span> and the International Monetary Fund<\/span> have helped stabilize the European and global economy. It is unclear at this writing, however, whether the impending \u201cBrexit<\/span>\u201d move by the United Kingdom (leaving the European Union) will impact international banking, as many of the world\u2019s top financial institutions seek to move their global operations out of London and shift them to other financial capitals within the eurozone.[footnote]Thomas Colson, \u201cAt Least 12 Banks Are Moving Some Operations from London to Dublin after Brexit,\u201d Business Insider, http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com, June 30, 2017; Peter S. Goodman, \u201cEurope\u2019s Economy, After 8-Year Detour, Is Fitfully Back on Track,\u201d The New York Times, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com, April 29, 2016.[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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    Key Takeaways<\/h3>\r\n
    \r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. What is the role of U.S. banks in international banking?<\/li>\r\n \t
    2. What challenges do U.S. banks face in foreign markets?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nSummary of Learning Outcomes<\/span>\r\n
      \r\n
        \r\n \t
      1. What role do U.S. banks play in the international marketplace?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

        U.S. banks provide loans and trade-related services to foreign governments and businesses. They also offer specialized services such as cash management and foreign-currency exchange.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

          \n
        1. What roles do U.S. banks play in the international marketplace?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          The financial marketplace spans the globe, with money routinely flowing across international borders. U.S. banks play an important role in global business by providing loans to foreign governments and businesses. Multinational corporations need many special banking services, such as foreign-currency exchange and funding for overseas investments. U.S. banks also offer trade-related services, such as global cash management, that help firms manage their cash flows, improve their payment efficiency, and reduce their exposure to operational risks. Sometimes consumers in other nations have a need for banking services that banks in their own countries don\u2019t provide. Therefore, large banks often look beyond their national borders for profitable banking opportunities.<\/p>\n

          Many U.S. banks have expanded into overseas markets by opening offices in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. They often provide better customer service than local banks and have access to more sources of funding. Citibank<\/span>, for example, was the first bank to offer banking by phone and 24-hour-a-day ATM service in Japan.<\/p>\n

          For U.S. banks, expanding internationally can be difficult. Banks in other nations are often subject to fewer regulations than U.S. banks, making it easier for them to undercut American banks on the pricing of loans and services. Some governments also protect their banks against foreign competition. For example, the Chinese government imposes high fees and limits the amount of deposits that foreign banks can accept from customers. It also controls foreign-bank deposit and loan interest rates, limiting the ability of foreign banks to compete with government-owned Chinese banks. Despite the banking restrictions for foreign banks in China, many of the large U.S. banking institutions continue to do business there.[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

          International banks operating within the United States also have a substantial impact on the economy through job creation\u2014they employ thousands of people in the United States, and most workers are U.S. citizens\u2014operating and capital expenditures, taxes, and other contributions. According to March 2017 Federal Reserve data, the combined banking and nonbanking assets of the U.S. operations of foreign banks total more than $24 trillion.[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Table 15.7 Source: \u201cThe World\u2019s Biggest Banks in 2017: The American Bull Market Strengthens,\u201d Forbes,<\/em> http:\/\/www.forbes.com, May 24, 2017.<\/caption>\n
          The World\u2019s Biggest Banks, 2017<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          Industrial and Commercial Bank of China<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          China Construction Bank<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          JPMorgan Chase & Co. (USA)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Wells Fargo & Co. (USA)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Agricultural Bank of China<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Bank of America Corp. (USA)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Bank of China Ltd.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Citigroup (USA)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          BNP Paribas (France)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (Japan)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          The United States has four banks listed in the top 10 world\u2019s biggest banks, as shown in (Figure)<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

          Political and economic uncertainty in other countries can make international banking a high-risk venture. European and Asian banks were not immune to the financial crisis of 2007\u20132009. In fact, several countries, including Greece, Portugal, Spain, and Ireland, continue to rebound slowly from the near-collapse of their economic and financial systems they experienced a decade ago. Financial bailouts spearheaded by the European Union<\/span> and the International Monetary Fund<\/span> have helped stabilize the European and global economy. It is unclear at this writing, however, whether the impending \u201cBrexit<\/span>\u201d move by the United Kingdom (leaving the European Union) will impact international banking, as many of the world\u2019s top financial institutions seek to move their global operations out of London and shift them to other financial capitals within the eurozone.[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

          \n

          Key Takeaways<\/h3>\n
          \n
            \n
          1. What is the role of U.S. banks in international banking?<\/li>\n
          2. What challenges do U.S. banks face in foreign markets?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

            Summary of Learning Outcomes<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
              \n
            1. What role do U.S. banks play in the international marketplace?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              U.S. banks provide loans and trade-related services to foreign governments and businesses. They also offer specialized services such as cash management and foreign-currency exchange.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t

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