{"id":121,"date":"2021-02-04T16:25:42","date_gmt":"2021-02-04T16:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-healthpsychology\/?post_type=chapter&p=121"},"modified":"2021-02-09T14:48:59","modified_gmt":"2021-02-09T14:48:59","slug":"changing-health-behaviors-through-social-engineering","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-healthpsychology\/chapter\/changing-health-behaviors-through-social-engineering\/","title":{"raw":"Changing health behaviors through social engineering","rendered":"Changing health behaviors through social engineering"},"content":{"raw":"Social Engineering<\/strong> refers to modifying the environment in ways that affect an individual\u2019s ability to\r\npractice a health behavior. Social engineering solutions include providing purified water to people or\r\nbanning smoking in public places and banning drugs like cocaine and heroin, lowering the speed limit,\r\nhelmet safety laws, preventing advertising of tobacco and alcohol, regulations regarding seat belt use. In\r\nthis case the individual is left with very little choice or responsibility, the behavior becomes the default\r\nbehavior.\r\nAt the level of the nation or the community \u2013 legislation can be passed to make the environment\r\nhealthier and help people lead more healthy lives. The media can be used to influence people towards\r\nmaking healthier choices especially children who are suggestible and vulnerable to advertising.\r\nInformation resources on health can be made available to all. Facilities that facilitate development of\r\nhealth habits such as open spaces and parks that encourage people to exercise, relatively cheap fruits\r\nand vegetables which are organic, minimal marketing of tobacco and alcohol. And most important of all,\r\nthe provision of good health care for all.\r\n

Venues for Health Habit Modification<\/span><\/h1>\r\n
\r\n

\u00a0<\/span>Work Site Interventions<\/span><\/h2>\r\n\u2022<\/span>Optimal site for reaching adults<\/span>\r\n

\u2013<\/span>70% are employed<\/span><\/p>\r\n\u2022<\/span>On the job health promotion programs<\/span>\r\n\r\n\u2022<\/span>Structured environment to promote health<\/span>\r\n

\u2013<\/span>Banning smoking at the workplace<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u2013<\/span>Healthy meals served in employee health clubs.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\u2022<\/span>Special incentives may be given for successful <\/span>modification of behaviors<\/span>\r\n

\u00a0<\/span>Community-Based Interventions<\/span><\/h2>\r\n

\u2022<\/span>Approaches may include:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u2013<\/span>Door-to-door campaigns<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u2013<\/span>Media blitz about health risks<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u2013<\/span>Interventions in community institutions<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u2022<\/span>Large-scale expensive programs have been <\/span>controversial<\/span><\/p>\r\n

<\/span>\u2013<\/span>North Karelia project, Multiple Risk Factor Intervention <\/span>Trial, Stanford Heart Disease Prevention<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u2022<\/span>More modest efforts are likely to continue<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

The Mass Media<\/span><\/h3>\r\n\u2022<\/span>Benefit <\/span>\r\n

\u2013 large numbers of individuals can be <\/span>reached at once<\/span><\/p>\r\n\u2022<\/span>Generally modest attitude change, but less <\/span>long-term behavior change occur<\/span>\r\n\r\n\u2022<\/span>Most effective in alerting people to health risks <\/span>that they would not otherwise have known <\/span>about<\/span>\r\n\r\n\u2022<\/span>Can have a cumulative effect on changing <\/span>values associated with health practices<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe Internet<\/span>\r\n\r\n\u2022<\/span>Promising but underutilized tool<\/span>\r\n\r\n\u2022<\/span>Health screening Web site<\/span>\r\n

\u2013<\/span>Could inform about health habits that a person <\/span>should be undertaking<\/span><\/p>\r\n\u2022<\/span>Enables researchers to <\/span>\r\n

\u2013<\/span>Recruit participants<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u2013<\/span>Collect data related to health habits<\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n

How Effective are Health Education <\/span>Campaigns?<\/span><\/h1>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

\u2013<\/span>Campaigns that merely inform people <\/span>of the hazards of certain behaviors <\/span>(e.g., anti-smoking messages) are <\/span>typically ineffective<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u2013<\/span>Multifaceted campaigns that present <\/span>information on several fronts are <\/span>generally more effective than \u201csingle-<\/span>shot\u201d campaigns<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

Message Framing<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

\u2022<\/span>Gain-Framed Message<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u2013<\/span>A health message that focuses on attaining <\/span>positive outcomes, or avoiding undesirable <\/span>ones, by adopting a health-promoting <\/span>behavior<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u2022<\/span>Loss-Framed Message<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u2013<\/span>A health message that focuses on a negative <\/span>outcome from failing to perform a health-<\/span>promoting behavior<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n \r\n

Loss-Framed Fear Appeals<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

\u2022<\/span>Scare tactics that arouse fear may backfire <\/span>and decrease a person\u2019s likelihood of <\/span>changing his or her beliefs and behavior<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u2022<\/span>A key factor in determining in the <\/span>effectiveness of threatening health <\/span>messages is the recipient\u2019s perceived <\/span>self-efficacy\u00a0<\/span>regarding the behavior<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n\r\n\"Image\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

Social Engineering<\/strong> refers to modifying the environment in ways that affect an individual\u2019s ability to
\npractice a health behavior. Social engineering solutions include providing purified water to people or
\nbanning smoking in public places and banning drugs like cocaine and heroin, lowering the speed limit,
\nhelmet safety laws, preventing advertising of tobacco and alcohol, regulations regarding seat belt use. In
\nthis case the individual is left with very little choice or responsibility, the behavior becomes the default
\nbehavior.
\nAt the level of the nation or the community \u2013 legislation can be passed to make the environment
\nhealthier and help people lead more healthy lives. The media can be used to influence people towards
\nmaking healthier choices especially children who are suggestible and vulnerable to advertising.
\nInformation resources on health can be made available to all. Facilities that facilitate development of
\nhealth habits such as open spaces and parks that encourage people to exercise, relatively cheap fruits
\nand vegetables which are organic, minimal marketing of tobacco and alcohol. And most important of all,
\nthe provision of good health care for all.<\/p>\n

Venues for Health Habit Modification<\/span><\/h1>\n
\n

\u00a0<\/span>Work Site Interventions<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u2022<\/span>Optimal site for reaching adults<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013<\/span>70% are employed<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span>On the job health promotion programs<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span>Structured environment to promote health<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013<\/span>Banning smoking at the workplace<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013<\/span>Healthy meals served in employee health clubs.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span>Special incentives may be given for successful <\/span>modification of behaviors<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Community-Based Interventions<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u2022<\/span>Approaches may include:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013<\/span>Door-to-door campaigns<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013<\/span>Media blitz about health risks<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013<\/span>Interventions in community institutions<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span>Large-scale expensive programs have been <\/span>controversial<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>\u2013<\/span>North Karelia project, Multiple Risk Factor Intervention <\/span>Trial, Stanford Heart Disease Prevention<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span>More modest efforts are likely to continue<\/span><\/p>\n

The Mass Media<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u2022<\/span>Benefit <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 large numbers of individuals can be <\/span>reached at once<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span>Generally modest attitude change, but less <\/span>long-term behavior change occur<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span>Most effective in alerting people to health risks <\/span>that they would not otherwise have known <\/span>about<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span>Can have a cumulative effect on changing <\/span>values associated with health practices<\/span><\/p>\n

The Internet<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span>Promising but underutilized tool<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span>Health screening Web site<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013<\/span>Could inform about health habits that a person <\/span>should be undertaking<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span>Enables researchers to <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013<\/span>Recruit participants<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013<\/span>Collect data related to health habits<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

How Effective are Health Education <\/span>Campaigns?<\/span><\/h1>\n
\n
\n

\u2013<\/span>Campaigns that merely inform people <\/span>of the hazards of certain behaviors <\/span>(e.g., anti-smoking messages) are <\/span>typically ineffective<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013<\/span>Multifaceted campaigns that present <\/span>information on several fronts are <\/span>generally more effective than \u201csingle-<\/span>shot\u201d campaigns<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

Message Framing<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u2022<\/span>Gain-Framed Message<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013<\/span>A health message that focuses on attaining <\/span>positive outcomes, or avoiding undesirable <\/span>ones, by adopting a health-promoting <\/span>behavior<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span>Loss-Framed Message<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013<\/span>A health message that focuses on a negative <\/span>outcome from failing to perform a health-<\/span>promoting behavior<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

Loss-Framed Fear Appeals<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u2022<\/span>Scare tactics that arouse fear may backfire <\/span>and decrease a person\u2019s likelihood of <\/span>changing his or her beliefs and behavior<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022<\/span>A key factor in determining in the <\/span>effectiveness of threatening health <\/span>messages is the recipient\u2019s perceived <\/span>self-efficacy\u00a0<\/span>regarding the behavior<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\"Image<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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All rights reserved content<\/div>