{"id":161,"date":"2021-02-09T16:06:31","date_gmt":"2021-02-09T16:06:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-healthpsychology\/?post_type=chapter&p=161"},"modified":"2021-03-01T17:19:58","modified_gmt":"2021-03-01T17:19:58","slug":"brief-interventions-for-physical-activity","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-healthpsychology\/chapter\/brief-interventions-for-physical-activity\/","title":{"raw":"Brief Interventions for Physical Activity","rendered":"Brief Interventions for Physical Activity"},"content":{"raw":"Regular\u00a0physical activity<\/a>\u00a0is associated with enhanced health and reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Beyond the effects on mortality, physical activity has many health benefits, including reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, ischaemic stroke, non\u2013insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes, colon cancers, osteoporosis, depression, and fall-related injuries.\r\n\r\nDespite the benefits of regular physical activity; only 25% of adults in the United States report engaging in the recommended amounts of physical activity (i.e., 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity on 5 or more days per week, or 20 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity on 3 or more days per week); 29% report no leisure-time regular physical activity; and only 27% of students (grades 9 through 12) engage in moderate-intensity physical activity (30 minutes, 5 or more days per week).[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0According to Healthy People 2010, physical activity is ranked as a leading health indicator. The Physical Activity objectives for Healthy People 2020\u00a0is to improve health fitness and quality of life through daily physical activity.[2]<\/a><\/sup>\r\n\r\nRecommendations to increase physical activity have been made for individuals and clinical settings but not for community settings. Increased physical activity has been linked to behavioural, physical, social and environmental correlates. Therefore, community-based interventions have an important role in promoting physical activity behaviour among the people[1]<\/a><\/sup>.\r\n

Strategies to Increase Physical Activity[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/h2>\r\n

Informational Approaches to Increasing Physical Activity:[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/h3>\r\nInformation is provided to motivate and enable people to change their behaviour, as well as to maintain that change over time. The interventions use primarily\u00a0educational approaches<\/u>\u00a0to present both general health information (including information about cardiovascular disease prevention and risk reduction) as well as specific information about physical activity and exercise. The focus is mainly on the cognitive skills thought to precede behaviour. The provision of information is intended to change knowledge about the benefits of physical activity, increase awareness of opportunities within a community for increasing physical activity, explain methods for overcoming barriers and negative attitudes about physical activity, and increase participation in community-based activities.\r\n
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<\/div>\r\nSigns placed by elevator\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\u201cPoint-of-decision\u201d prompts:<\/span><\/h4>\r\nAre the signs placed by elevators and escalators to encourage the use of stairs for health benefits.\r\n

Community-wide education campaigns and mass media campaigns:<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\r\nCampaign messages are directed to large and relatively undifferentiated audiences through\u00a0diverse media<\/u>, including television, radio, newspaper columns and inserts, social media, direct mailings, billboards, advertisements in transit outlets, and trailers in movie theatres.\r\n

Classroom-based health education:<\/span><\/h4>\r\nFocuses on information provision and skills related to decision making.\u00a0Health education classes<\/u>, taught in elementary, middle, or high schools, are designed to the effect behavior change through personal and behavioral factors that provide students with the skills they need for rational decision making.\r\n\r\nA systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of mass media campaigns on physical activity in adults indicated that mass media campaigns may promote walking, but may not reduce sedentary behavior or lead to achieving sufficient physical activity. Further research is required to examine the effect of mass media campaigns on other measures and types of physical activity.[3]<\/a><\/sup>\r\n

Behavioral and Social Approaches to Increasing Physical Activity:<\/span><\/h3>\r\nThis approach focuses on teaching widely applicable behavioral management skills and structuring the social environment to provide support for people trying to initiate or maintain behavior change. Interventions often involve\u00a0individual or group behavioral\u00a0counselling<\/u>\u00a0and typically include the friends or family members that constitute an individual\u2019s social environment. Interventions also involve making changes in the home, family, school, and work environments.\r\n\r\nSkills focus on recognizing cues and opportunities for physical activity, ways to manage high-risk situations, and ways to\u00a0maintain behavior\u00a0and prevent relapse<\/u>. These interventions are made through:\r\n

School-based physical education (PE):<\/span><\/h4>\r\n
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<\/div>\r\nSchool-based PE\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThis can be done in a variety of ways, including:\r\n