{"id":3436,"date":"2016-12-21T15:45:13","date_gmt":"2016-12-21T15:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-psychology\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=3436"},"modified":"2021-07-11T15:42:33","modified_gmt":"2021-07-11T15:42:33","slug":"how-to-read-research","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-psychology-1\/chapter\/how-to-read-research\/","title":{"raw":"How to Read Research","rendered":"How to Read Research"},"content":{"raw":"In this course and throughout your academic career, you'll be reading journal articles (meaning they were published by experts in a peer-reviewed journal) and reports that explain psychological research. It's important to understand the format of these articles so that you can read them strategically and understand the information presented. Scientific articles vary in content or structure, depending on the type of journal to which they will be submitted. Psychological articles and many papers in the social sciences follow the writing guidelines and format dictated by the <a href=\"https:\/\/owl.english.purdue.edu\/owl\/section\/2\/10\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Psychological Association<\/a> (APA). In general, the structure follows: abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Abstract<\/strong>: the abstract is the concise summary of the article. It summarizes the most important features of the manuscript, providing the reader with a global first impression on the article. It is generally just one paragraph that explains the experiment as well as a short synopsis of the results.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Introduction<\/strong>: this section provides background information about the origin and purpose of performing the experiment or study. It reviews previous research and presents existing theories on the topic.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Method<\/strong>: this section covers the methodologies used to investigate the research question, including the identification of <em>participants<\/em>, <em>procedures<\/em>, and\u00a0<em>materials<\/em>\u00a0as well as a description of the actual <em>procedure<\/em>. It should be sufficiently detailed to allow for replication.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Results<\/strong>: the results section presents key findings of the research, including reference to indicators of statistical significance.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Discussion<\/strong>: this section provides an interpretation of the findings, states their significance for current research, and derives implications for theory and practice. Alternative interpretations for findings are also provided, particularly when it is not possible to conclude for the directionality of the effects. In the discussion, authors also acknowledge the strengths and limitations\/weaknesses of the study and offer concrete directions about for future research.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/2749\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/2750\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Video 1.<\/strong> Watch this video for an explanation on how to read scholarly articles. Look closely at the example article shared just before the two minute mark.\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/27119325[\/embed]\r\n\r\nPractice identifying these key components in the following experiment:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0167462\">Food-Induced Emotional Resonance Improves Emotion Recognition<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<p>In this course and throughout your academic career, you&#8217;ll be reading journal articles (meaning they were published by experts in a peer-reviewed journal) and reports that explain psychological research. It&#8217;s important to understand the format of these articles so that you can read them strategically and understand the information presented. Scientific articles vary in content or structure, depending on the type of journal to which they will be submitted. Psychological articles and many papers in the social sciences follow the writing guidelines and format dictated by the <a href=\"https:\/\/owl.english.purdue.edu\/owl\/section\/2\/10\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Psychological Association<\/a> (APA). In general, the structure follows: abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Abstract<\/strong>: the abstract is the concise summary of the article. It summarizes the most important features of the manuscript, providing the reader with a global first impression on the article. It is generally just one paragraph that explains the experiment as well as a short synopsis of the results.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Introduction<\/strong>: this section provides background information about the origin and purpose of performing the experiment or study. It reviews previous research and presents existing theories on the topic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Method<\/strong>: this section covers the methodologies used to investigate the research question, including the identification of <em>participants<\/em>, <em>procedures<\/em>, and\u00a0<em>materials<\/em>\u00a0as well as a description of the actual <em>procedure<\/em>. It should be sufficiently detailed to allow for replication.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Results<\/strong>: the results section presents key findings of the research, including reference to indicators of statistical significance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Discussion<\/strong>: this section provides an interpretation of the findings, states their significance for current research, and derives implications for theory and practice. Alternative interpretations for findings are also provided, particularly when it is not possible to conclude for the directionality of the effects. In the discussion, authors also acknowledge the strengths and limitations\/weaknesses of the study and offer concrete directions about for future research.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"lumen_assessment_2749\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/load?assessment_id=2749&#38;embed=1&#38;external_user_id=&#38;external_context_id=&#38;iframe_resize_id=lumen_assessment_2749\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:400px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"lumen_assessment_2750\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/load?assessment_id=2750&#38;embed=1&#38;external_user_id=&#38;external_context_id=&#38;iframe_resize_id=lumen_assessment_2750\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:400px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Video 1.<\/strong> Watch this video for an explanation on how to read scholarly articles. Look closely at the example article shared just before the two minute mark.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/27119325\">https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/27119325<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Practice identifying these key components in the following experiment:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0167462\">Food-Induced Emotional Resonance Improves Emotion Recognition<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-3436\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Modification, adaptation, and original content. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Brain Imaging and Messy Science. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Patrick Carroll for Lumen Learning. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Reading a Scientific Paper for Psychology and the Social Sciences: A Critical Guide. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Pedro Cordeiro, Victor E. C. Ortuu00f1o, Maria Paula Paixu00e3o, Jou00e3o Maru00f4co. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/pch.psychopen.eu\/article\/view\/136\/html\">http:\/\/pch.psychopen.eu\/article\/view\/136\/html<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>What is a Scholarly Article? video. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Coastal Carolina University. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.coastal.edu\/intranet\/library\/videos\/browse.html\">http:\/\/www.coastal.edu\/intranet\/library\/videos\/browse.html<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>The Replication Crisis. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Colin Thomas William. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Ivy Tech Community College. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Seeing is believing: The effect of brain images on judgments of scientific reasoning. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: David P. McCabe &amp; Alan D. Castel (2008). <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Cognition. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Used with permission from Alan Castel<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Reading a Scientific Paper for Psychology and the Social Sciences: A Critical Guide\",\"author\":\"Pedro Cordeiro, Victor E. C. Ortuu00f1o, Maria Paula Paixu00e3o, Jou00e3o Maru00f4co\",\"organization\":\"Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/pch.psychopen.eu\/article\/view\/136\/html\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Modification, adaptation, and original content\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"What is a Scholarly Article? video\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Coastal Carolina University\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.coastal.edu\/intranet\/library\/videos\/browse.html\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Brain Imaging and Messy Science\",\"author\":\"Patrick Carroll for Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Seeing is believing: The effect of brain images on judgments of scientific reasoning\",\"author\":\"David P. McCabe & Alan D. Castel (2008)\",\"organization\":\"Cognition\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Used with permission from Alan Castel\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"The Replication Crisis\",\"author\":\"Colin Thomas William\",\"organization\":\"Ivy Tech Community College\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"62d46b45-bd2b-4ea1-b8fd-5f0626f1474e, ce43a016-7221-4393-bdbb-8fc709d2edf3","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-3436","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":511,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-psychology-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-psychology-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-psychology-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-psychology-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-psychology-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3436\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6045,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-psychology-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3436\/revisions\/6045"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-psychology-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/511"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-psychology-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3436\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-psychology-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-psychology-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=3436"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-psychology-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=3436"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hvcc-psychology-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=3436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}