{"id":663,"date":"2017-12-14T21:43:32","date_gmt":"2017-12-14T21:43:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-introductorychemistry\/chapter\/end-of-chapter-material-12\/"},"modified":"2017-12-14T21:43:32","modified_gmt":"2017-12-14T21:43:32","slug":"end-of-chapter-material-12","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-introductory-chemistry\/chapter\/end-of-chapter-material-12\/","title":{"raw":"End-of-Chapter Material","rendered":"End-of-Chapter Material"},"content":{"raw":"
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Additional Exercises<\/h3>\n
  1. \n
    \n

    What is the relationship between the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> expressions for a chemical reaction and its reverse chemical reaction?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  2. \n
    \n

    What is the relationship between the K<\/em>w<\/sub> value for H2<\/sub>O and its reverse chemical reaction?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  3. \n
    \n

    For the equilibrium<\/p>\nPCl3<\/sub>(g)\u00a0+\u00a0Cl2<\/sub>(g) \u21c4 PCl5<\/sub>(g)\u00a0+\u00a060\u00a0kJ<\/span>\n

    list four stresses that serve to increase the amount of PCl5<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  4. \n
    \n

    For the equilibrium<\/p>\nN2<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a057\u00a0kJ \u21c4 2 NO2<\/sub><\/span>\n

    list four stresses that serve to increase the amount of NO2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  5. \n
    \n

    Does a very large K<\/em>eq<\/sub> favor the reactants or the products? Explain your answer.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  6. \n
    \n

    Is the K<\/em>eq<\/sub> for reactions that favor reactants large or small? Explain your answer.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  7. \n
    \n

    Show that K<\/em>a<\/sub> \u00d7 K<\/em>b<\/sub> = K<\/em>w<\/sub> by determining the expressions for these two reactions and multiplying them together.<\/p>\nHX(aq) \u21c4 H+<\/sup>(aq)\u00a0+\u00a0X\u2013<\/sup>(aq)<\/span>\nX\u2013<\/sup>(aq)\u00a0+\u00a0H2<\/sub>O(\u2113) \u21c4 HX(aq)\u00a0+\u00a0OH\u2013<\/sup>(aq)<\/span>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  8. \n
    \n

    Is the conjugate base of a strong acid weak or strong? Explain your answer.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  9. \n
    \n

    What is the solubility in moles per liter of AgCl? Use data from Table 13.2 \"Solubility Product Constants for Slightly Soluble Ionic Compounds\"<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  10. \n
    \n

    What is the solubility in moles per liter of Ca(OH)2<\/sub>? Use data from Table 13.2 \"Solubility Product Constants for Slightly Soluble Ionic Compounds\"<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  11. \n
    \n

    Under what conditions is K<\/em>eq<\/sub> = K<\/em>P<\/sub>?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  12. \n
    \n

    Under what conditions is K<\/em>eq<\/sub> > K<\/em>P<\/sub> when the temperature is 298 K?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  13. \n
    \n

    What is the pH of a saturated solution of Mg(OH)2<\/sub>? Use data from Table 13.2 \"Solubility Product Constants for Slightly Soluble Ionic Compounds\"<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  14. \n
    \n

    What are the pH and the pOH of a saturated solution of Fe(OH)3<\/sub>? The K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of Fe(OH)3<\/sub> is 2.8 \u00d7 10\u221239<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  15. \n
    \n

    For a salt that has the general formula MX, an ICE chart shows that the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> is equal to x<\/em>2<\/sup>, where x<\/em> is the concentration of the cation. What is the appropriate formula for the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of a salt that has a general formula of MX2<\/sub>?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  16. \n
    \n

    Referring to Exercise 15, what is the appropriate formula for the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of a salt that has a general formula of M2<\/sub>X3<\/sub> if the concentration of the cation is defined as 2x<\/em>, rather than x<\/em>?<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\t

  17. \n
    \n

    Consider a saturated solution of PbBr2<\/sub>(s). If [Pb2+<\/sup>] is 1.33 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup> M, find each of the following.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ol>\na) \u00a0[Br\u2212<\/sup>]\n\nb) \u00a0the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of PbBr2<\/sub>(s)\n\n\u00a0\n

    \n

    18. \u00a0Consider a saturated solution of Pb3<\/sub>(PO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>(s). If [Pb2+<\/sup>] is 7.34 \u00d7 10\u221214<\/sup> M, find each of the following.<\/p>\na) [PO4<\/sub>3\u2212<\/sup>]\n\nb) \u00a0the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of Pb3<\/sub>(PO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>(s)\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    Answers<\/h3>\n
    \n\n1.<\/strong>\n\nThey are reciprocals of each other.\n\n3.<\/strong>\n\nincrease the pressure; decrease the temperature; add PCl3<\/sub>; add Cl2<\/sub>; remove PCl5<\/sub>5.<\/strong>\n\nfavor products because the numerator of the ratio for the K<\/em>eq<\/sub> is larger than the denominator\n\n7.<\/strong>\n\nKa<\/sub>\u00d7Kb\u00a0<\/sub>= ([H+<\/sup>][X\u2013<\/sup>])\/[HX] \u00d7 (([HX][OH\u2013<\/sup>])\/[X\u2013<\/sup>]) = [H+<\/sup>][OH\u2013<\/sup>] = Kw<\/sub>9.<\/strong>\n\n1.3 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup> mol\/L\n\n11.<\/strong>\n\nK<\/em>eq<\/sub> = K<\/em>P<\/sub> when the number of moles of gas on both sides of the reaction is the same.\n\n13.<\/strong>\n\n10.35\n\n15.<\/strong>\n\n4x<\/em>3<\/sup>17.<\/strong>\n\na) \u00a02.66 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup> M\n\nb) \u00a09.41 \u00d7 10\u221215<\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\u00a0\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","rendered":"
    \n
    \n
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    Additional Exercises<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \n

      What is the relationship between the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> expressions for a chemical reaction and its reverse chemical reaction?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n
      \n

      What is the relationship between the K<\/em>w<\/sub> value for H2<\/sub>O and its reverse chemical reaction?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n
      \n

      For the equilibrium<\/p>\n

      PCl3<\/sub>(g)\u00a0+\u00a0Cl2<\/sub>(g) \u21c4 PCl5<\/sub>(g)\u00a0+\u00a060\u00a0kJ<\/span><\/p>\n

      list four stresses that serve to increase the amount of PCl5<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    4. \n
      \n

      For the equilibrium<\/p>\n

      N2<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a057\u00a0kJ \u21c4 2 NO2<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n

      list four stresses that serve to increase the amount of NO2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    5. \n
      \n

      Does a very large K<\/em>eq<\/sub> favor the reactants or the products? Explain your answer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    6. \n
      \n

      Is the K<\/em>eq<\/sub> for reactions that favor reactants large or small? Explain your answer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    7. \n
      \n

      Show that K<\/em>a<\/sub> \u00d7 K<\/em>b<\/sub> = K<\/em>w<\/sub> by determining the expressions for these two reactions and multiplying them together.<\/p>\n

      HX(aq) \u21c4 H+<\/sup>(aq)\u00a0+\u00a0X\u2013<\/sup>(aq)<\/span>
      \nX\u2013<\/sup>(aq)\u00a0+\u00a0H2<\/sub>O(\u2113) \u21c4 HX(aq)\u00a0+\u00a0OH\u2013<\/sup>(aq)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    8. \n
      \n

      Is the conjugate base of a strong acid weak or strong? Explain your answer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    9. \n
      \n

      What is the solubility in moles per liter of AgCl? Use data from Table 13.2 “Solubility Product Constants for Slightly Soluble Ionic Compounds”<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    10. \n
      \n

      What is the solubility in moles per liter of Ca(OH)2<\/sub>? Use data from Table 13.2 “Solubility Product Constants for Slightly Soluble Ionic Compounds”<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    11. \n
      \n

      Under what conditions is K<\/em>eq<\/sub> = K<\/em>P<\/sub>?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    12. \n
      \n

      Under what conditions is K<\/em>eq<\/sub> > K<\/em>P<\/sub> when the temperature is 298 K?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    13. \n
      \n

      What is the pH of a saturated solution of Mg(OH)2<\/sub>? Use data from Table 13.2 “Solubility Product Constants for Slightly Soluble Ionic Compounds”<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    14. \n
      \n

      What are the pH and the pOH of a saturated solution of Fe(OH)3<\/sub>? The K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of Fe(OH)3<\/sub> is 2.8 \u00d7 10\u221239<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    15. \n
      \n

      For a salt that has the general formula MX, an ICE chart shows that the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> is equal to x<\/em>2<\/sup>, where x<\/em> is the concentration of the cation. What is the appropriate formula for the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of a salt that has a general formula of MX2<\/sub>?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    16. \n
      \n

      Referring to Exercise 15, what is the appropriate formula for the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of a salt that has a general formula of M2<\/sub>X3<\/sub> if the concentration of the cation is defined as 2x<\/em>, rather than x<\/em>?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n

    17. \n
      \n

      Consider a saturated solution of PbBr2<\/sub>(s). If [Pb2+<\/sup>] is 1.33 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup> M, find each of the following.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      a) \u00a0[Br\u2212<\/sup>]<\/p>\n

      b) \u00a0the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of PbBr2<\/sub>(s)<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n

      \n

      18. \u00a0Consider a saturated solution of Pb3<\/sub>(PO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>(s). If [Pb2+<\/sup>] is 7.34 \u00d7 10\u221214<\/sup> M, find each of the following.<\/p>\n

      a) [PO4<\/sub>3\u2212<\/sup>]<\/p>\n

      b) \u00a0the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of Pb3<\/sub>(PO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>(s)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      Answers<\/h3>\n
      \n

      1.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      They are reciprocals of each other.<\/p>\n

      3.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      increase the pressure; decrease the temperature; add PCl3<\/sub>; add Cl2<\/sub>; remove PCl5<\/sub>5.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      favor products because the numerator of the ratio for the K<\/em>eq<\/sub> is larger than the denominator<\/p>\n

      7.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Ka<\/sub>\u00d7Kb\u00a0<\/sub>= ([H+<\/sup>][X\u2013<\/sup>])\/[HX] \u00d7 (([HX][OH\u2013<\/sup>])\/[X\u2013<\/sup>]) = [H+<\/sup>][OH\u2013<\/sup>] = Kw<\/sub>9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      1.3 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup> mol\/L<\/p>\n

      11.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      K<\/em>eq<\/sub> = K<\/em>P<\/sub> when the number of moles of gas on both sides of the reaction is the same.<\/p>\n

      13.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      10.35<\/p>\n

      15.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      4x<\/em>3<\/sup>17.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      a) \u00a02.66 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup> M<\/p>\n

      b) \u00a09.41 \u00d7 10\u221215<\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t

      \n\t\t\t

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