Additional Exercises
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What is the relationship between the Ksp expressions for a chemical reaction and its reverse chemical reaction?
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What is the relationship between the Kw value for H2O and its reverse chemical reaction?
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For the equilibrium
PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ⇄ PCl5(g) + 60 kJ
list four stresses that serve to increase the amount of PCl5.
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For the equilibrium
N2O4 + 57 kJ ⇄ 2 NO2
list four stresses that serve to increase the amount of NO2.
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Does a very large Keq favor the reactants or the products? Explain your answer.
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Is the Keq for reactions that favor reactants large or small? Explain your answer.
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Show that Ka × Kb = Kw by determining the expressions for these two reactions and multiplying them together.
HX(aq) ⇄ H+(aq) + X–(aq)
X–(aq) + H2O(ℓ) ⇄ HX(aq) + OH–(aq) -
Is the conjugate base of a strong acid weak or strong? Explain your answer.
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What is the solubility in moles per liter of AgCl? Use data from Table 13.2 “Solubility Product Constants for Slightly Soluble Ionic Compounds”.
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What is the solubility in moles per liter of Ca(OH)2? Use data from Table 13.2 “Solubility Product Constants for Slightly Soluble Ionic Compounds”.
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Under what conditions is Keq = KP?
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Under what conditions is Keq > KP when the temperature is 298 K?
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What is the pH of a saturated solution of Mg(OH)2? Use data from Table 13.2 “Solubility Product Constants for Slightly Soluble Ionic Compounds”.
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What are the pH and the pOH of a saturated solution of Fe(OH)3? The Ksp of Fe(OH)3 is 2.8 × 10−39.
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For a salt that has the general formula MX, an ICE chart shows that the Ksp is equal to x2, where x is the concentration of the cation. What is the appropriate formula for the Ksp of a salt that has a general formula of MX2?
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Referring to Exercise 15, what is the appropriate formula for the Ksp of a salt that has a general formula of M2X3 if the concentration of the cation is defined as 2x, rather than x?
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Consider a saturated solution of PbBr2(s). If [Pb2+] is 1.33 × 10−5 M, find each of the following.
a) [Br−]
b) the Ksp of PbBr2(s)
18. Consider a saturated solution of Pb3(PO4)2(s). If [Pb2+] is 7.34 × 10−14 M, find each of the following.
a) [PO43−]
b) the Ksp of Pb3(PO4)2(s)
Answers
1.
They are reciprocals of each other.
3.
increase the pressure; decrease the temperature; add PCl3; add Cl2; remove PCl55.
favor products because the numerator of the ratio for the Keq is larger than the denominator
7.
Ka×Kb = ([H+][X–])/[HX] × (([HX][OH–])/[X–]) = [H+][OH–] = Kw9.
1.3 × 10−5 mol/L
11.
Keq = KP when the number of moles of gas on both sides of the reaction is the same.
13.
10.35
15.
4x317.
a) 2.66 × 10−5 M
b) 9.41 × 10−15