{"id":1063,"date":"2016-06-28T18:23:40","date_gmt":"2016-06-28T18:23:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level2-english\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1063"},"modified":"2016-11-08T00:27:42","modified_gmt":"2016-11-08T00:27:42","slug":"text-pronouns","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-introtocollegecomp\/chapter\/text-pronouns\/","title":{"raw":"Pronouns","rendered":"Pronouns"},"content":{"raw":"A pronoun stands in the place of a noun. Like nouns, pronouns can serve as the subject or object of a sentence: they are the things sentences are about.\u00a0Pronouns include words like\u00a0<em>he<\/em>,\u00a0<em>she<\/em>, and\u00a0<em>I<\/em>, but they also include words like <em>this<\/em>, <em>that<\/em>, <em>which<\/em>, <em>who<\/em>, <em>anybody<\/em>, and\u00a0<em>everyone<\/em>. Before we get into the different\u00a0types of pronouns, let's look at how they work in sentences.\r\n\r\nBecause a pronoun is replacing a noun, its meaning is dependent on the noun that it is replacing. This noun\u00a0is called the\u00a0<strong>antecedent<\/strong>. Let's look at the first sentence of this paragraph\u00a0again:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Because a pronoun is replacing a noun, <strong>its<\/strong> meaning is dependent on the noun that <strong>it<\/strong>\u00a0is replacing.<\/p>\r\nThere are two\u00a0pronouns here:\u00a0<em>its <\/em>and\u00a0<em>it<\/em>.\u00a0<em>Its<\/em> and\u00a0<em>it<\/em>\u00a0both have the same antecedent: \"a pronoun.\" Whenever you use a pronoun,\u00a0you must also include its antecedent. Without the antecedent, your readers (or listeners) won't be able to figure out what the pronoun is referring to. Let's look at a couple of examples:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Jason likes it\u00a0when\u00a0people look to him for leadership.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Trini does\u00a0her hair and make up every\u00a0day\u2014with no exceptions.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Billy often has to clean his glasses.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Kimberly is a gymnast. She has earned several medals in different competitions.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSo, what are the antecedents and pronouns in these sentences?\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Jason<\/em> is the antecedent for the pronoun <em>him<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Trini<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<em>her<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Billy<\/em> is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<em>his<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Kimberly<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent for the pronoun <em>she<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\nIdentify the antecedents and pronouns in the following\u00a0examples:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>\u00a0Itzel and\u00a0Camila were the top ranking\u00a0doubles team\u00a0at OSU.\u00a0They hadn't been defeated\u00a0all year.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>People asked\u00a0Jorge\u00a0to review their papers so often that he started a\u00a0small editing business.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Henry called his parents every week.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"554891\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"554891\"]\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><strong>Itzel and\u00a0Camila<\/strong>\u00a0is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<strong>They<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>There are two pronoun\/antecedent pairs in this sentence. <strong>People<\/strong>\u00a0is the antecedent for <strong>their<\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong>Jorge<\/strong>\u00a0is the antecedent for <strong>he<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Henry<\/strong>\u00a0is the\u00a0antecedent for\u00a0<strong>his<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nSo far, we've only looked at\u00a0personal pronouns, but there are a lot of other types, including demonstrative, and indefinite pronouns. Let's discuss each of these types in further depth:\r\n<h2>Personal Pronouns<\/h2>\r\nThe following sentences give examples of\u00a0personal\u00a0pronouns used with antecedents:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><b><img class=\"alignright wp-image-1189\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2016\/07\/11210355\/people-e1468271064362.png\" alt=\"an icon showing three people\" width=\"150\" height=\"153\" \/>That poor man<\/b> looks as if <b>he<\/b> needs a new coat. (the noun phrase <em>that poor man<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>he<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><b>Kat<\/b>\u00a0arrived yesterday. I met <b>her<\/b> at the station. (<em>Kat<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent of <em>her<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When <b>they<\/b> saw us, <b>the lions<\/b> began roaring (<em>the lions<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>they<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><b>Adam\u00a0and I<\/b> were hoping no-one would find <b>us<\/b>. (<em>Adam\u00a0and I<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>us<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><b>You and Aisha<\/b>\u00a0can come if <b>you<\/b> like. (<em>you and Aisha<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent of the second, plural,\u00a0<em>you<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\"><strong>Note:<\/strong>\u00a0First- and\u00a0second-person pronouns don't always require an explicitly stated antecedent. When a speaker\u00a0says something like \"I told you the zoo was closed today,\" it's implied that the speaker is the antecedent for\u00a0<em>I<\/em> and the listener is the antecedent for\u00a0<em>you<\/em>.<\/div>\r\nReflexive pronouns are a specific type of personal pronoun. This video will give you an introduction to them:\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/Zoh8XpfcF-c\r\n\r\nHere's two examples with the pronoun and antecedents indicated:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><b>Jason<\/b>\u00a0hurt <b>himself<\/b>. (<em>Jason<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent of <em>himself<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><b>We<\/b> were teasing <b>each other<\/b>. (<em>we<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>each other<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Demonstrative Pronouns<\/h2>\r\nDemonstrative pronouns substitute for things being pointed out. They\u00a0include\u00a0<em>this<\/em>,\u00a0<em>that<\/em>, <em>these<\/em>, and <em>those<\/em>. <em>This<\/em>\u00a0and <em>that<\/em>\u00a0are singular;\u00a0<em>these\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0<em>those<\/em> are plural.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"wp-image-2295 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/06\/21152833\/Screen-Shot-2016-06-21-at-11.26.19-AM-300x276.png\" alt=\"Icon of two location symbols connected by dotted line\" width=\"150\" \/>The difference between\u00a0<em>this<\/em> and\u00a0<em>that<\/em> and between\u00a0<em>these<\/em> and\u00a0<em>those<\/em> is a little more subtle.\u00a0<em>This<\/em> and\u00a0<em>these<\/em> refer to something that is \"close\" to the speaker, whether this closeness is physical, emotional, or temporal.\u00a0<em>That<\/em> and\u00a0<em>those<\/em> are the opposite: they refer to something that is \"far.\"\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Do I actually have to read all of <em>this<\/em>?\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The speaker is indicating a text that is close to her, by using \"this.\"<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>That<\/em>\u00a0is not coming anywhere near me.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The speaker is distancing himself from the object in question, which he doesn't want to get any closer. The far pronoun helps indicate that.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>You're telling me you sewed all of <em>these<\/em>?\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The speaker and her audience are likely looking directly at the clothes in question, so the close pronoun is appropriate.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Those\u00a0<\/em>are all gross.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The speaker wants to remain away from the gross items in question, by using the far \"those.\"<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Note:<\/strong> these pronouns\u00a0are often combined with a noun. When this happens, they act as a kind of adjective instead of as a pronoun.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Do I actually have to read all of<em> this\u00a0<\/em>contract?<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>That<\/em> thing is not coming anywhere near me.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>You're telling me you sewed all of <em>these<\/em> dresses?<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Those<\/em>\u00a0recipes are all gross.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe antecedents of\u00a0demonstrative\u00a0pronouns can be\u00a0more complex than those of\u00a0personal pronouns:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Animal Planet's\u00a0puppy cam has been taken down for maintenance.<\/strong> I never wanted <em>this<\/em> to happen.<\/p>\r\nThe antecedent for\u00a0<em>this<\/em> is the concept of the puppy cam being taken down.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Note:<\/strong>\u00a0The pronoun\u00a0<em>it<\/em> can also have more complex antecedents:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">I love Animal Planet's panda cam. <strong>I watched a panda eat bamboo for half an hour.<\/strong>\u00a0<em>It<\/em>\u00a0was amazing.<\/p>\r\nThe antecedent for\u00a0<em>it<\/em>\u00a0in this sentence is the experience of watching the panda. That antecedent isn't explicitly stated in the sentence, but comes through in the intention and meaning of the speaker.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\nIdentify the antecedents and pronouns in the following examples:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>I can see forty bracelets. Are you telling me you made all of these?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>I can't get rid of my country-shaped mugs. Tommy\u00a0gave those to me for my birthday!<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The video of\u00a0a skateboard-riding bulldog?\u00a0I showed that to you\u00a0last week!<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Jordan has\u00a0been talking for over two hours.\u00a0This is unbearable.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"727295\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"727295\"]\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>The pronouns <strong>I<\/strong> and\u00a0<strong>you<\/strong> don't have antecedents. It's implied that the speaker is \"I\" and the listener is the \"you.\" <strong>Forty bracelets<\/strong> is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<strong>these<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The pronouns <strong>I<\/strong>, <strong>my<\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong>me<\/strong>\u00a0don't have antecedents. It's implied that the speaker is \"I.\" <strong>Country-shaped mugs <\/strong>is the antecedent for\u00a0<strong>those<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>The video of a skateboard-riding bulldog<\/strong> is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<strong>that<\/strong>.\u00a0The pronouns <strong>I<\/strong> and\u00a0<strong>you<\/strong> don't have antecedents. It's implied that the speaker is \"I\" and the listener is the \"you.\"<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Jordan\u00a0talking for over two hours<\/strong> is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<strong>this<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Indefinite Pronouns<\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"wp-image-1191 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2016\/07\/11214353\/indefinite-e1468273472997.png\" alt=\"dotted outline of a person\" width=\"150\" height=\"152\" \/>\r\n\r\nIndefinite pronouns, the largest group of pronouns, refer to one or more unspecified persons or things,\u00a0for example: <i><b>Anyone<\/b> can do that.<\/i>\r\n\r\nThese pronouns can be\u00a0used in a couple of different ways:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>They can\u00a0refer to members of a group separately rather than collectively. (<i>To <b>each<\/b> his or her own.<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>They can\u00a0indicate the non-existence of people or things. (<i><b>Nobody<\/b> thinks that.<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>They can\u00a0refer to a person, but are not specific as to first, second or third person in the way that the personal pronouns are. (<i><b>One<\/b> does not clean <b>one's<\/b> own windows.<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nPlease note that\u00a0all of these pronouns are singular. Look back at the example \"To\u00a0<strong>each<\/strong> his or her own.\" Saying \"To each their own\" would be incorrect, since <em>their<\/em> is a plural pronoun and <em>each\u00a0<\/em>is singular.\u00a0We'll discuss this in further depth in <a href=\".\/chapter\/text-pronoun-antecedents\/\" target=\"_blank\">Text:\u00a0Pronoun Antecedents<\/a>.\u00a0The\u00a0table below shows the most common indefinite pronouns:\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>anybody<\/td>\r\n<td>anyone<\/td>\r\n<td>anything<\/td>\r\n<td>each<\/td>\r\n<td>either<\/td>\r\n<td>every<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>everybody<\/td>\r\n<td>everyone<\/td>\r\n<td>everything<\/td>\r\n<td>neither<\/td>\r\n<td>no one<\/td>\r\n<td>nobody<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>nothing<\/td>\r\n<td>one<\/td>\r\n<td>somebody<\/td>\r\n<td>someone<\/td>\r\n<td>something<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Note:<\/strong> Sometimes\u00a0third-person personal pronouns are sometimes used without antecedents\u2014this applies to special uses such as dummy pronouns and generic <i>they<\/i>, as well as cases where the referent is implied by the context.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>You know what\u00a0<em>they<\/em> say.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>It's<\/em> a nice day today.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\nIdentify the indefinite pronouns in the following sentences:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Everyone\u00a0should take the time to critically think about what he or she\u00a0wants out of life.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If I had to choose between singing in public\u00a0and swimming with leeches, I would choose neither.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Yasmin&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;4&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:15389148}}\">Yasmin<\/span> knew something was wrong, but she couldn't figure out what.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If nobody else enrolls in this class, it will be cancelled this semester.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"565632\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"565632\"]\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><strong>Everyone<\/strong> is the indefinite pronoun.\u00a0<em>He or she<\/em> is a pronoun with the antecedent\u00a0<em>everyone<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Neither<\/strong> is the indefinite pronoun. Its antecedents are\u00a0<em>singing in public<\/em> and\u00a0<em>swimming with leeches<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Something<\/strong>\u00a0is the indefinite pronoun.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Nobody else<\/strong>\u00a0is the indefinite pronoun.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Relative Pronouns<\/h2>\r\nThere are five relative pronouns in English:\u00a0<em>who<\/em>,\u00a0<em>whom<\/em>,\u00a0<em>whose<\/em>, <em>that<\/em>,\u00a0and\u00a0<em>which. <\/em>These pronouns are used to connect different clauses together. For example:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Belen, <strong>who<\/strong> had starred in six plays before she turned seventeen, knew that she wanted to act on Broadway someday.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The word\u00a0<em>who<\/em> connects the phrase \"had starred in six plays before she turned seventeen\" to the rest of the sentence.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>My daughter wants to adopt the\u00a0dog <strong>that<\/strong>\u00a0doesn't have\u00a0a tail.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The word\u00a0<em>that<\/em> connects the phrase \"doesn't have a tail\" to the rest of the sentence.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThese pronouns behave differently from the other categories we've seen. However, they are pronouns, and it's important to learn how they work.\r\n\r\nTwo\u00a0of the biggest confusions with these pronouns are\u00a0<em>that<\/em> vs.\u00a0<em>which<\/em> and\u00a0<em>who<\/em> vs.\u00a0<em>whom<\/em>. The two following videos help with these:\r\n<h3>That vs. Which<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/6Js8tBCfbWk\r\n<h3>Who vs. Whom<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/bPqMLKXoEac\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\nDoes the following paragraph\u00a0use\u00a0relative pronouns correctly? Explain why or why not for each relative pronoun.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Katerina, whom had taken biology\u00a0once\u00a0already, was still struggling to keep\u00a0the steps of cellular respiration straight. She knew the process took place in animals, which take in oxygen and put out carbon dioxide. She also knew that plants underwent the process of photosynthesis. However, the individual steps of the process seemed beyond her understanding.<\/p>\r\n[practice-area rows=\"4\"][\/practice-area]\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"35641\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"35641\"]There are three relative pronouns in this passage:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Katerina, <strong>whom<\/strong> had taken biology\u00a0once\u00a0already, was still struggling to keep\u00a0the steps of cellular respiration straight. She knew the process took place in animals, <strong>which<\/strong> take in oxygen and put out carbon dioxide. She also knew <strong>that<\/strong> plants underwent the process of photosynthesis. However, the individual steps of the process seemed beyond her understanding.<\/p>\r\n<em>Whom<\/em> is incorrect; the object case is not needed here. The sentence should\u00a0start with \"Katerina, who had taken biology once already. . . .\"\u00a0<em>Which\u00a0<\/em>is used correctly. <em>Which<\/em> is appropriate to use with the noun <em>animals<\/em>, and\u00a0the clause is set off with commas.\u00a0<em>That<\/em> is used correctly. It connects\u00a0<em>knew<\/em> with what she knew.\r\n\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<p>A pronoun stands in the place of a noun. Like nouns, pronouns can serve as the subject or object of a sentence: they are the things sentences are about.\u00a0Pronouns include words like\u00a0<em>he<\/em>,\u00a0<em>she<\/em>, and\u00a0<em>I<\/em>, but they also include words like <em>this<\/em>, <em>that<\/em>, <em>which<\/em>, <em>who<\/em>, <em>anybody<\/em>, and\u00a0<em>everyone<\/em>. Before we get into the different\u00a0types of pronouns, let&#8217;s look at how they work in sentences.<\/p>\n<p>Because a pronoun is replacing a noun, its meaning is dependent on the noun that it is replacing. This noun\u00a0is called the\u00a0<strong>antecedent<\/strong>. Let&#8217;s look at the first sentence of this paragraph\u00a0again:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Because a pronoun is replacing a noun, <strong>its<\/strong> meaning is dependent on the noun that <strong>it<\/strong>\u00a0is replacing.<\/p>\n<p>There are two\u00a0pronouns here:\u00a0<em>its <\/em>and\u00a0<em>it<\/em>.\u00a0<em>Its<\/em> and\u00a0<em>it<\/em>\u00a0both have the same antecedent: &#8220;a pronoun.&#8221; Whenever you use a pronoun,\u00a0you must also include its antecedent. Without the antecedent, your readers (or listeners) won&#8217;t be able to figure out what the pronoun is referring to. Let&#8217;s look at a couple of examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jason likes it\u00a0when\u00a0people look to him for leadership.<\/li>\n<li>Trini does\u00a0her hair and make up every\u00a0day\u2014with no exceptions.<\/li>\n<li>Billy often has to clean his glasses.<\/li>\n<li>Kimberly is a gymnast. She has earned several medals in different competitions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So, what are the antecedents and pronouns in these sentences?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Jason<\/em> is the antecedent for the pronoun <em>him<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>Trini<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<em>her<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>Billy<\/em> is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<em>his<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>Kimberly<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent for the pronoun <em>she<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p>Identify the antecedents and pronouns in the following\u00a0examples:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00a0Itzel and\u00a0Camila were the top ranking\u00a0doubles team\u00a0at OSU.\u00a0They hadn&#8217;t been defeated\u00a0all year.<\/li>\n<li>People asked\u00a0Jorge\u00a0to review their papers so often that he started a\u00a0small editing business.<\/li>\n<li>Henry called his parents every week.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q554891\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q554891\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Itzel and\u00a0Camila<\/strong>\u00a0is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<strong>They<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>There are two pronoun\/antecedent pairs in this sentence. <strong>People<\/strong>\u00a0is the antecedent for <strong>their<\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong>Jorge<\/strong>\u00a0is the antecedent for <strong>he<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Henry<\/strong>\u00a0is the\u00a0antecedent for\u00a0<strong>his<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>So far, we&#8217;ve only looked at\u00a0personal pronouns, but there are a lot of other types, including demonstrative, and indefinite pronouns. Let&#8217;s discuss each of these types in further depth:<\/p>\n<h2>Personal Pronouns<\/h2>\n<p>The following sentences give examples of\u00a0personal\u00a0pronouns used with antecedents:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1189\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2016\/07\/11210355\/people-e1468271064362.png\" alt=\"an icon showing three people\" width=\"150\" height=\"153\" \/>That poor man<\/b> looks as if <b>he<\/b> needs a new coat. (the noun phrase <em>that poor man<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>he<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><b>Kat<\/b>\u00a0arrived yesterday. I met <b>her<\/b> at the station. (<em>Kat<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent of <em>her<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>When <b>they<\/b> saw us, <b>the lions<\/b> began roaring (<em>the lions<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>they<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><b>Adam\u00a0and I<\/b> were hoping no-one would find <b>us<\/b>. (<em>Adam\u00a0and I<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>us<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><b>You and Aisha<\/b>\u00a0can come if <b>you<\/b> like. (<em>you and Aisha<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent of the second, plural,\u00a0<em>you<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\"><strong>Note:<\/strong>\u00a0First- and\u00a0second-person pronouns don&#8217;t always require an explicitly stated antecedent. When a speaker\u00a0says something like &#8220;I told you the zoo was closed today,&#8221; it&#8217;s implied that the speaker is the antecedent for\u00a0<em>I<\/em> and the listener is the antecedent for\u00a0<em>you<\/em>.<\/div>\n<p>Reflexive pronouns are a specific type of personal pronoun. This video will give you an introduction to them:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Reflexive pronouns | The parts of speech | Grammar | Khan Academy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Zoh8XpfcF-c?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s two examples with the pronoun and antecedents indicated:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Jason<\/b>\u00a0hurt <b>himself<\/b>. (<em>Jason<\/em>\u00a0is the antecedent of <em>himself<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><b>We<\/b> were teasing <b>each other<\/b>. (<em>we<\/em> is the antecedent of <em>each other<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Demonstrative Pronouns<\/h2>\n<p>Demonstrative pronouns substitute for things being pointed out. They\u00a0include\u00a0<em>this<\/em>,\u00a0<em>that<\/em>, <em>these<\/em>, and <em>those<\/em>. <em>This<\/em>\u00a0and <em>that<\/em>\u00a0are singular;\u00a0<em>these\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0<em>those<\/em> are plural.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2295 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/06\/21152833\/Screen-Shot-2016-06-21-at-11.26.19-AM-300x276.png\" alt=\"Icon of two location symbols connected by dotted line\" width=\"150\" \/>The difference between\u00a0<em>this<\/em> and\u00a0<em>that<\/em> and between\u00a0<em>these<\/em> and\u00a0<em>those<\/em> is a little more subtle.\u00a0<em>This<\/em> and\u00a0<em>these<\/em> refer to something that is &#8220;close&#8221; to the speaker, whether this closeness is physical, emotional, or temporal.\u00a0<em>That<\/em> and\u00a0<em>those<\/em> are the opposite: they refer to something that is &#8220;far.&#8221;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Do I actually have to read all of <em>this<\/em>?\n<ul>\n<li>The speaker is indicating a text that is close to her, by using &#8220;this.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>That<\/em>\u00a0is not coming anywhere near me.\n<ul>\n<li>The speaker is distancing himself from the object in question, which he doesn&#8217;t want to get any closer. The far pronoun helps indicate that.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>You&#8217;re telling me you sewed all of <em>these<\/em>?\n<ul>\n<li>The speaker and her audience are likely looking directly at the clothes in question, so the close pronoun is appropriate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><em>Those\u00a0<\/em>are all gross.\n<ul>\n<li>The speaker wants to remain away from the gross items in question, by using the far &#8220;those.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> these pronouns\u00a0are often combined with a noun. When this happens, they act as a kind of adjective instead of as a pronoun.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Do I actually have to read all of<em> this\u00a0<\/em>contract?<\/li>\n<li><em>That<\/em> thing is not coming anywhere near me.<\/li>\n<li>You&#8217;re telling me you sewed all of <em>these<\/em> dresses?<\/li>\n<li><em>Those<\/em>\u00a0recipes are all gross.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>The antecedents of\u00a0demonstrative\u00a0pronouns can be\u00a0more complex than those of\u00a0personal pronouns:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Animal Planet&#8217;s\u00a0puppy cam has been taken down for maintenance.<\/strong> I never wanted <em>this<\/em> to happen.<\/p>\n<p>The antecedent for\u00a0<em>this<\/em> is the concept of the puppy cam being taken down.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong>\u00a0The pronoun\u00a0<em>it<\/em> can also have more complex antecedents:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">I love Animal Planet&#8217;s panda cam. <strong>I watched a panda eat bamboo for half an hour.<\/strong>\u00a0<em>It<\/em>\u00a0was amazing.<\/p>\n<p>The antecedent for\u00a0<em>it<\/em>\u00a0in this sentence is the experience of watching the panda. That antecedent isn&#8217;t explicitly stated in the sentence, but comes through in the intention and meaning of the speaker.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p>Identify the antecedents and pronouns in the following examples:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>I can see forty bracelets. Are you telling me you made all of these?<\/li>\n<li>I can&#8217;t get rid of my country-shaped mugs. Tommy\u00a0gave those to me for my birthday!<\/li>\n<li>The video of\u00a0a skateboard-riding bulldog?\u00a0I showed that to you\u00a0last week!<\/li>\n<li>Jordan has\u00a0been talking for over two hours.\u00a0This is unbearable.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q727295\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q727295\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li>The pronouns <strong>I<\/strong> and\u00a0<strong>you<\/strong> don&#8217;t have antecedents. It&#8217;s implied that the speaker is &#8220;I&#8221; and the listener is the &#8220;you.&#8221; <strong>Forty bracelets<\/strong> is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<strong>these<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The pronouns <strong>I<\/strong>, <strong>my<\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong>me<\/strong>\u00a0don&#8217;t have antecedents. It&#8217;s implied that the speaker is &#8220;I.&#8221; <strong>Country-shaped mugs <\/strong>is the antecedent for\u00a0<strong>those<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The video of a skateboard-riding bulldog<\/strong> is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<strong>that<\/strong>.\u00a0The pronouns <strong>I<\/strong> and\u00a0<strong>you<\/strong> don&#8217;t have antecedents. It&#8217;s implied that the speaker is &#8220;I&#8221; and the listener is the &#8220;you.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jordan\u00a0talking for over two hours<\/strong> is the antecedent for the pronoun\u00a0<strong>this<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Indefinite Pronouns<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1191 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2016\/07\/11214353\/indefinite-e1468273472997.png\" alt=\"dotted outline of a person\" width=\"150\" height=\"152\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Indefinite pronouns, the largest group of pronouns, refer to one or more unspecified persons or things,\u00a0for example: <i><b>Anyone<\/b> can do that.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>These pronouns can be\u00a0used in a couple of different ways:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>They can\u00a0refer to members of a group separately rather than collectively. (<i>To <b>each<\/b> his or her own.<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li>They can\u00a0indicate the non-existence of people or things. (<i><b>Nobody<\/b> thinks that.<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li>They can\u00a0refer to a person, but are not specific as to first, second or third person in the way that the personal pronouns are. (<i><b>One<\/b> does not clean <b>one&#8217;s<\/b> own windows.<\/i>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Please note that\u00a0all of these pronouns are singular. Look back at the example &#8220;To\u00a0<strong>each<\/strong> his or her own.&#8221; Saying &#8220;To each their own&#8221; would be incorrect, since <em>their<\/em> is a plural pronoun and <em>each\u00a0<\/em>is singular.\u00a0We&#8217;ll discuss this in further depth in <a href=\".\/chapter\/text-pronoun-antecedents\/\" target=\"_blank\">Text:\u00a0Pronoun Antecedents<\/a>.\u00a0The\u00a0table below shows the most common indefinite pronouns:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>anybody<\/td>\n<td>anyone<\/td>\n<td>anything<\/td>\n<td>each<\/td>\n<td>either<\/td>\n<td>every<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>everybody<\/td>\n<td>everyone<\/td>\n<td>everything<\/td>\n<td>neither<\/td>\n<td>no one<\/td>\n<td>nobody<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>nothing<\/td>\n<td>one<\/td>\n<td>somebody<\/td>\n<td>someone<\/td>\n<td>something<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> Sometimes\u00a0third-person personal pronouns are sometimes used without antecedents\u2014this applies to special uses such as dummy pronouns and generic <i>they<\/i>, as well as cases where the referent is implied by the context.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You know what\u00a0<em>they<\/em> say.<\/li>\n<li><em>It&#8217;s<\/em> a nice day today.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p>Identify the indefinite pronouns in the following sentences:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Everyone\u00a0should take the time to critically think about what he or she\u00a0wants out of life.<\/li>\n<li>If I had to choose between singing in public\u00a0and swimming with leeches, I would choose neither.<\/li>\n<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Yasmin&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:3,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;4&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:15389148}}\">Yasmin<\/span> knew something was wrong, but she couldn&#8217;t figure out what.<\/li>\n<li>If nobody else enrolls in this class, it will be cancelled this semester.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q565632\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q565632\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Everyone<\/strong> is the indefinite pronoun.\u00a0<em>He or she<\/em> is a pronoun with the antecedent\u00a0<em>everyone<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Neither<\/strong> is the indefinite pronoun. Its antecedents are\u00a0<em>singing in public<\/em> and\u00a0<em>swimming with leeches<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Something<\/strong>\u00a0is the indefinite pronoun.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nobody else<\/strong>\u00a0is the indefinite pronoun.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Relative Pronouns<\/h2>\n<p>There are five relative pronouns in English:\u00a0<em>who<\/em>,\u00a0<em>whom<\/em>,\u00a0<em>whose<\/em>, <em>that<\/em>,\u00a0and\u00a0<em>which. <\/em>These pronouns are used to connect different clauses together. For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Belen, <strong>who<\/strong> had starred in six plays before she turned seventeen, knew that she wanted to act on Broadway someday.\n<ul>\n<li>The word\u00a0<em>who<\/em> connects the phrase &#8220;had starred in six plays before she turned seventeen&#8221; to the rest of the sentence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>My daughter wants to adopt the\u00a0dog <strong>that<\/strong>\u00a0doesn&#8217;t have\u00a0a tail.\n<ul>\n<li>The word\u00a0<em>that<\/em> connects the phrase &#8220;doesn&#8217;t have a tail&#8221; to the rest of the sentence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These pronouns behave differently from the other categories we&#8217;ve seen. However, they are pronouns, and it&#8217;s important to learn how they work.<\/p>\n<p>Two\u00a0of the biggest confusions with these pronouns are\u00a0<em>that<\/em> vs.\u00a0<em>which<\/em> and\u00a0<em>who<\/em> vs.\u00a0<em>whom<\/em>. The two following videos help with these:<\/p>\n<h3>That vs. Which<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"That versus which | The parts of speech | Grammar | Khan Academy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6Js8tBCfbWk?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Who vs. Whom<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-3\" title=\"Who versus whom | The parts of speech | Grammar | Khan Academy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bPqMLKXoEac?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p>Does the following paragraph\u00a0use\u00a0relative pronouns correctly? Explain why or why not for each relative pronoun.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Katerina, whom had taken biology\u00a0once\u00a0already, was still struggling to keep\u00a0the steps of cellular respiration straight. She knew the process took place in animals, which take in oxygen and put out carbon dioxide. She also knew that plants underwent the process of photosynthesis. However, the individual steps of the process seemed beyond her understanding.<\/p>\n<p><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q35641\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q35641\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">There are three relative pronouns in this passage:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Katerina, <strong>whom<\/strong> had taken biology\u00a0once\u00a0already, was still struggling to keep\u00a0the steps of cellular respiration straight. She knew the process took place in animals, <strong>which<\/strong> take in oxygen and put out carbon dioxide. She also knew <strong>that<\/strong> plants underwent the process of photosynthesis. However, the individual steps of the process seemed beyond her understanding.<\/p>\n<p><em>Whom<\/em> is incorrect; the object case is not needed here. The sentence should\u00a0start with &#8220;Katerina, who had taken biology once already. . . .&#8221;\u00a0<em>Which\u00a0<\/em>is used correctly. <em>Which<\/em> is appropriate to use with the noun <em>animals<\/em>, and\u00a0the clause is set off with commas.\u00a0<em>That<\/em> is used correctly. It connects\u00a0<em>knew<\/em> with what she knew.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1063\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Revision and Adaptation. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Practice Exercises. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Text: Demonstrative Pronouns. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Text: Relative Pronouns. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Pronouns. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pronoun\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pronoun<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Basic Patterns and Elements of the Sentence. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: David McMurrey. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/twsent.html\">https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/twsent.html<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Reflexive pronouns. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: David Rheinstrom. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Khan Academy. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/grammar\/partsofspeech\/the-pronoun\/v\/reflexive-pronouns-the-parts-of-speech-grammar\">https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/grammar\/partsofspeech\/the-pronoun\/v\/reflexive-pronouns-the-parts-of-speech-grammar<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>People. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Mark Claus. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: The Noun Project. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=people&#038;i=408350\">https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=people&#038;i=408350<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Image of location icons. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: icon 54. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: The Noun Project. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=far&#038;i=223118\">https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=far&#038;i=223118<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>That versus which. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: David Rheinstrom. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Khan Academy. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/grammar\/partsofspeech\/the-pronoun\/v\/that-versus-which-the-parts-of-speech-grammar\">https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/grammar\/partsofspeech\/the-pronoun\/v\/that-versus-which-the-parts-of-speech-grammar<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Who versus whom. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: David Rheinstrom. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Khan Academy. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/grammar\/partsofspeech\/the-pronoun\/v\/who-versus-whom-the-parts-of-speech-grammar\">https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/grammar\/partsofspeech\/the-pronoun\/v\/who-versus-whom-the-parts-of-speech-grammar<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Vacancy. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Pablo Rozenberg. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: The Noun Project. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=nobody&#038;i=105997\">https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=nobody&#038;i=105997<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Pronouns\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pronoun\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Basic Patterns and Elements of the Sentence\",\"author\":\"David McMurrey\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/twsent.html\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Revision and Adaptation\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Reflexive pronouns\",\"author\":\"David Rheinstrom\",\"organization\":\"Khan 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