{"id":179,"date":"2016-05-12T15:12:35","date_gmt":"2016-05-12T15:12:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level2-english\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=179"},"modified":"2016-10-14T18:41:16","modified_gmt":"2016-10-14T18:41:16","slug":"text-context-clues","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-introtocollegecomp\/chapter\/text-context-clues\/","title":{"raw":"Context Clues","rendered":"Context Clues"},"content":{"raw":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">No matter what course or program you are taking, you will have new vocabulary and terminology to learn. While many people turn quickly to their dictionaries for the meanings of new words, this is not always a necessary strategy. Instead, it can be more meaningful to try to reason out the meaning of the word, based on what we already know about it. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">When authors write, they often give <\/span><span class=\"s2\"><b>context clues<\/b><\/span><span class=\"s1\"> to readers to suggest the meanings of new or difficult words. Context clues usually give you a sense of a word's meaning, so you can continue reading without referring to a dictionary. There are five main types of context clues that may be embedded in sentences.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"ol1\">\r\n \t<li class=\"li4\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Definitions or Restatements<\/b><\/span>\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n \t<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">The author directly defines the new word within the sentence. This strategy is commonly used in textbook material.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">e.g. \"When people contravene \u2013 break or violate \u2013 a law in Canada, they can expect to face legal consequences.\"<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li5\"><i><\/i><span class=\"s1\"><i>Explanation:<\/i> \"Break or violate\" is the definition of the word \"contravene\".<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li4\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Synonyms<\/b><\/span>\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n \t<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">The author uses a word or phrase with a similar meaning to suggest the meaning of the new word.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">e.g. \"Following his death by accidental drug overdose, actor Heath Ledger posthumously received an Oscar for best supporting actor for his portrayal of The Joker in The Dark Knight.\"<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li5\"><i><\/i><span class=\"s1\"><i>Explanation:<\/i> \"Following his death\" has a similar meaning to the word \"posthumously.\"<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li4\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Antonyms<\/b><\/span>\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n \t<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">The author uses a word or phrase with an opposite meaning to suggest the meaning of the new word.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">e.g. \"I really don't appreciate your duplicity. I expect you to give me an honest response from now on.\"<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li5\"><i><\/i><span class=\"s1\"><i>Explanation:<\/i> \"Honest response\" has the opposite meaning of \"duplicity\" since the speaker expects a different behaviour from the other person from that point on.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li4\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Examples<\/b><\/span>\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n \t<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">The author provides examples or illustrations of the new word to suggest its meaning.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">e.g. \"Bats, owls, raccoons, and crickets are chiefly nocturnal creatures.\"<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li5\"><i><\/i><span class=\"s1\"><i>Explanation:<\/i> \"Bats, owls, raccoons, and crickets\" are examples of \"nocturnal creatures\" (creatures of the night).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li4\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>General Inference<\/b><\/span>\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n \t<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">The author provides enough information in a sentence that the word's meaning can be inferred.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">e.g. \"It would be an egregious mistake to wear a dirty t-shirt and shabby blue jeans to a funeral.\"<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li5\"><i><\/i><span class=\"s1\"><i>Explanation:<\/i> Although \"egregious\" is not specifically defined, most people would infer that it is inappropriate or offensive to wear worn out clothing at a funeral.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Put It to Work<\/h3>\r\nFor some practice using context clues to understand new vocabulary, <a href=\"http:\/\/lethbridgecollege.net\/elearningcafe\/index.php\/studyskills\/vocabulary-development\/context-clues-exercises\" target=\"_blank\">try these <span class=\"s5\">activities<\/span><\/a>\u00a0from Lethbridge College.\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">No matter what course or program you are taking, you will have new vocabulary and terminology to learn. While many people turn quickly to their dictionaries for the meanings of new words, this is not always a necessary strategy. Instead, it can be more meaningful to try to reason out the meaning of the word, based on what we already know about it. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">When authors write, they often give <\/span><span class=\"s2\"><b>context clues<\/b><\/span><span class=\"s1\"> to readers to suggest the meanings of new or difficult words. Context clues usually give you a sense of a word&#8217;s meaning, so you can continue reading without referring to a dictionary. There are five main types of context clues that may be embedded in sentences.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol class=\"ol1\">\n<li class=\"li4\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Definitions or Restatements<\/b><\/span>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">The author directly defines the new word within the sentence. This strategy is commonly used in textbook material.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">e.g. &#8220;When people contravene \u2013 break or violate \u2013 a law in Canada, they can expect to face legal consequences.&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li5\"><i><\/i><span class=\"s1\"><i>Explanation:<\/i> &#8220;Break or violate&#8221; is the definition of the word &#8220;contravene&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"li4\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Synonyms<\/b><\/span>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">The author uses a word or phrase with a similar meaning to suggest the meaning of the new word.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">e.g. &#8220;Following his death by accidental drug overdose, actor Heath Ledger posthumously received an Oscar for best supporting actor for his portrayal of The Joker in The Dark Knight.&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li5\"><i><\/i><span class=\"s1\"><i>Explanation:<\/i> &#8220;Following his death&#8221; has a similar meaning to the word &#8220;posthumously.&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"li4\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Antonyms<\/b><\/span>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">The author uses a word or phrase with an opposite meaning to suggest the meaning of the new word.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">e.g. &#8220;I really don&#8217;t appreciate your duplicity. I expect you to give me an honest response from now on.&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li5\"><i><\/i><span class=\"s1\"><i>Explanation:<\/i> &#8220;Honest response&#8221; has the opposite meaning of &#8220;duplicity&#8221; since the speaker expects a different behaviour from the other person from that point on.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"li4\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Examples<\/b><\/span>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">The author provides examples or illustrations of the new word to suggest its meaning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">e.g. &#8220;Bats, owls, raccoons, and crickets are chiefly nocturnal creatures.&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li5\"><i><\/i><span class=\"s1\"><i>Explanation:<\/i> &#8220;Bats, owls, raccoons, and crickets&#8221; are examples of &#8220;nocturnal creatures&#8221; (creatures of the night).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"li4\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>General Inference<\/b><\/span>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">The author provides enough information in a sentence that the word&#8217;s meaning can be inferred.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li5\"><span class=\"s1\">e.g. &#8220;It would be an egregious mistake to wear a dirty t-shirt and shabby blue jeans to a funeral.&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li5\"><i><\/i><span class=\"s1\"><i>Explanation:<\/i> Although &#8220;egregious&#8221; is not specifically defined, most people would infer that it is inappropriate or offensive to wear worn out clothing at a funeral.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Put It to Work<\/h3>\n<p>For some practice using context clues to understand new vocabulary, <a href=\"http:\/\/lethbridgecollege.net\/elearningcafe\/index.php\/studyskills\/vocabulary-development\/context-clues-exercises\" target=\"_blank\">try these <span class=\"s5\">activities<\/span><\/a>\u00a0from Lethbridge College.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-179\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Revision and Adaptation. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Vocabulary Development: Context Clues. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lethbridge College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lethbridgecollege.net\/elearningcafe\/index.php\/studyskills\/vocabulary-development\">http:\/\/www.lethbridgecollege.net\/elearningcafe\/index.php\/studyskills\/vocabulary-development<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: eLearning Cafe. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":19,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Vocabulary Development: Context Clues\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lethbridge College\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.lethbridgecollege.net\/elearningcafe\/index.php\/studyskills\/vocabulary-development\",\"project\":\"eLearning Cafe\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Revision and Adaptation\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-179","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2001,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/179\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2042,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/179\/revisions\/2042"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2001"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/179\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=179"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=179"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}