{"id":1719,"date":"2014-10-21T04:12:57","date_gmt":"2014-10-21T04:12:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/apvccs\/?post_type=chapter&p=1719"},"modified":"2014-10-23T22:16:00","modified_gmt":"2014-10-23T22:16:00","slug":"glossary-introduction","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-ap1\/chapter\/glossary-introduction\/","title":{"raw":"Glossary: Introduction","rendered":"Glossary: Introduction"},"content":{"raw":"
<\/div>\r\n
abdominopelvic cavity<\/dt>
division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera<\/dd>
anabolism<\/dt>
assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules<\/dd>
anatomical position<\/dt>
standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body<\/dd>
anatomy<\/dt>
science that studies the form and composition of the body\u2019s structures<\/dd>
anterior cavity<\/dt>
larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as ventral cavity<\/dd>
anterior<\/dt>
describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as ventral<\/dd>
catabolism<\/dt>
breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules<\/dd>
caudal<\/dt>
describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as inferior<\/dd>
cell<\/dt>
smallest independently functioning unit of\u00a0all\u00a0organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles<\/dd>
computed tomography (CT)<\/dt>
medical imaging technique in which a\u00a0computer-enhanced cross-sectional X-ray image is obtained<\/dd>
control center<\/dt>
compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector<\/dd>
cranial cavity<\/dt>
division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain<\/dd>
cranial<\/dt>
describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as superior<\/dd>
deep<\/dt>
describes a position farther from the surface of the body<\/dd>
development<\/dt>
changes an organism goes through during its life<\/dd>
differentiation<\/dt>
process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function<\/dd>
distal<\/dt>
describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body<\/dd>
dorsal cavity<\/dt>
posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to the posterior body cavity<\/dd>
dorsal<\/dt>
describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as posterior<\/dd>
effector<\/dt>
organ that can cause a change in a value<\/dd>
frontal plane<\/dt>
two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions<\/dd>
gross anatomy<\/dt>
study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to macroscopic anatomy<\/dd>
growth<\/dt>
process of increasing in size<\/dd>
homeostasis<\/dt>
steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain<\/dd>
inferior<\/dt>
describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as caudal<\/dd>
lateral<\/dt>
describes the side or direction toward the side of the body<\/dd>
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)<\/dt>
medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field to obtain detailed sectional images of the internal structures of the body<\/dd>
medial<\/dt>
describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body<\/dd>
metabolism<\/dt>
sum of all of the body\u2019s chemical reactions<\/dd>
microscopic anatomy<\/dt>
study of very small structures of the body using magnification<\/dd>
negative feedback<\/dt>
homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body\u2019s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed<\/dd>
normal range<\/dt>
range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center<\/dd>
nutrient<\/dt>
chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival<\/dd>
organ system<\/dt>
group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function<\/dd>
organism<\/dt>
living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life<\/dd>
organ<\/dt>
functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues<\/dd>
pericardium<\/dt>
sac that encloses the heart<\/dd>
peritoneum<\/dt>
serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there<\/dd>
physiology<\/dt>
science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body\u2019s functions<\/dd>
plane<\/dt>
imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body<\/dd>
pleura<\/dt>
serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs<\/dd>
positive feedback<\/dt>
mechanism that intensifies a change in the body\u2019s physiological condition in response to a stimulus<\/dd>
positron emission tomography (PET)<\/dt>
medical imaging technique in which radiopharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiological functions in tissues<\/dd>
posterior cavity<\/dt>
posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as dorsal cavity<\/dd>
posterior<\/dt>
describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal<\/dd>
pressure<\/dt>
force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance<\/dd>
prone<\/dt>
face down<\/dd>
proximal<\/dt>
describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body<\/dd>
regional anatomy<\/dt>
study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions<\/dd>
renewal<\/dt>
process by which worn-out cells are replaced<\/dd>
reproduction<\/dt>
process by which new organisms are generated<\/dd>
responsiveness<\/dt>
ability of an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditions<\/dd>
sagittal plane<\/dt>
two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides<\/dd>
section<\/dt>
in anatomy, a single flat surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut through<\/dd>
sensor<\/dt>
(also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center<\/dd>
serosa<\/dt>
membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serous membrane<\/dd>
serous membrane<\/dt>
membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serosa<\/dd>
set point<\/dt>
ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostasis<\/dd>
spinal cavity<\/dt>
division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; also referred to as vertebral cavity<\/dd>
superficial<\/dt>
describes a position nearer to the surface of the body<\/dd>
superior<\/dt>
describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as cranial<\/dd>
supine<\/dt>
face up<\/dd>
systemic anatomy<\/dt>
study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems<\/dd>
thoracic cavity<\/dt>
division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea<\/dd>
tissue<\/dt>
group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function<\/dd>
transverse plane<\/dt>
two-dimensional, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions<\/dd>
ultrasonography<\/dt>
application of ultrasonic waves to visualize subcutaneous body structures such as tendons and organs<\/dd>
ventral cavity<\/dt>
larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as anterior body cavity<\/dd>
ventral<\/dt>
describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as anterior<\/dd>
X-ray<\/dt>
form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases; used in medicine as a diagnostic aid to visualize body structures such as bones<\/dd><\/dl>","rendered":"
<\/div>\n
\n
abdominopelvic cavity<\/dt>\n
division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera<\/dd>\n
anabolism<\/dt>\n
assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules<\/dd>\n
anatomical position<\/dt>\n
standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body<\/dd>\n
anatomy<\/dt>\n
science that studies the form and composition of the body\u2019s structures<\/dd>\n
anterior cavity<\/dt>\n
larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as ventral cavity<\/dd>\n
anterior<\/dt>\n
describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as ventral<\/dd>\n
catabolism<\/dt>\n
breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules<\/dd>\n
caudal<\/dt>\n
describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as inferior<\/dd>\n
cell<\/dt>\n
smallest independently functioning unit of\u00a0all\u00a0organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles<\/dd>\n
computed tomography (CT)<\/dt>\n
medical imaging technique in which a\u00a0computer-enhanced cross-sectional X-ray image is obtained<\/dd>\n
control center<\/dt>\n
compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector<\/dd>\n
cranial cavity<\/dt>\n
division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain<\/dd>\n
cranial<\/dt>\n
describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as superior<\/dd>\n
deep<\/dt>\n
describes a position farther from the surface of the body<\/dd>\n
development<\/dt>\n
changes an organism goes through during its life<\/dd>\n
differentiation<\/dt>\n
process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function<\/dd>\n
distal<\/dt>\n
describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body<\/dd>\n
dorsal cavity<\/dt>\n
posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to the posterior body cavity<\/dd>\n
dorsal<\/dt>\n
describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as posterior<\/dd>\n
effector<\/dt>\n
organ that can cause a change in a value<\/dd>\n
frontal plane<\/dt>\n
two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions<\/dd>\n
gross anatomy<\/dt>\n
study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to macroscopic anatomy<\/dd>\n
growth<\/dt>\n
process of increasing in size<\/dd>\n
homeostasis<\/dt>\n
steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain<\/dd>\n
inferior<\/dt>\n
describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as caudal<\/dd>\n
lateral<\/dt>\n
describes the side or direction toward the side of the body<\/dd>\n
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)<\/dt>\n
medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field to obtain detailed sectional images of the internal structures of the body<\/dd>\n
medial<\/dt>\n
describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body<\/dd>\n
metabolism<\/dt>\n
sum of all of the body\u2019s chemical reactions<\/dd>\n
microscopic anatomy<\/dt>\n
study of very small structures of the body using magnification<\/dd>\n
negative feedback<\/dt>\n
homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body\u2019s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed<\/dd>\n
normal range<\/dt>\n
range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center<\/dd>\n
nutrient<\/dt>\n
chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival<\/dd>\n
organ system<\/dt>\n
group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function<\/dd>\n
organism<\/dt>\n
living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life<\/dd>\n
organ<\/dt>\n
functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues<\/dd>\n
pericardium<\/dt>\n
sac that encloses the heart<\/dd>\n
peritoneum<\/dt>\n
serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there<\/dd>\n
physiology<\/dt>\n
science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body\u2019s functions<\/dd>\n
plane<\/dt>\n
imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body<\/dd>\n
pleura<\/dt>\n
serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs<\/dd>\n
positive feedback<\/dt>\n
mechanism that intensifies a change in the body\u2019s physiological condition in response to a stimulus<\/dd>\n
positron emission tomography (PET)<\/dt>\n
medical imaging technique in which radiopharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiological functions in tissues<\/dd>\n
posterior cavity<\/dt>\n
posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as dorsal cavity<\/dd>\n
posterior<\/dt>\n
describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal<\/dd>\n
pressure<\/dt>\n
force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance<\/dd>\n
prone<\/dt>\n
face down<\/dd>\n
proximal<\/dt>\n
describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body<\/dd>\n
regional anatomy<\/dt>\n
study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions<\/dd>\n
renewal<\/dt>\n
process by which worn-out cells are replaced<\/dd>\n
reproduction<\/dt>\n
process by which new organisms are generated<\/dd>\n
responsiveness<\/dt>\n
ability of an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditions<\/dd>\n
sagittal plane<\/dt>\n
two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides<\/dd>\n
section<\/dt>\n
in anatomy, a single flat surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut through<\/dd>\n
sensor<\/dt>\n
(also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center<\/dd>\n
serosa<\/dt>\n
membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serous membrane<\/dd>\n
serous membrane<\/dt>\n
membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serosa<\/dd>\n
set point<\/dt>\n
ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostasis<\/dd>\n
spinal cavity<\/dt>\n
division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; also referred to as vertebral cavity<\/dd>\n
superficial<\/dt>\n
describes a position nearer to the surface of the body<\/dd>\n
superior<\/dt>\n
describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as cranial<\/dd>\n
supine<\/dt>\n
face up<\/dd>\n
systemic anatomy<\/dt>\n
study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems<\/dd>\n
thoracic cavity<\/dt>\n
division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea<\/dd>\n
tissue<\/dt>\n
group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function<\/dd>\n
transverse plane<\/dt>\n
two-dimensional, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions<\/dd>\n
ultrasonography<\/dt>\n
application of ultrasonic waves to visualize subcutaneous body structures such as tendons and organs<\/dd>\n
ventral cavity<\/dt>\n
larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as anterior body cavity<\/dd>\n
ventral<\/dt>\n
describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as anterior<\/dd>\n
X-ray<\/dt>\n
form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases; used in medicine as a diagnostic aid to visualize body structures such as bones<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n\n\t\t\t
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