{"id":1758,"date":"2014-10-21T22:06:39","date_gmt":"2014-10-21T22:06:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/apvccs\/?post_type=chapter&p=1758"},"modified":"2014-11-07T05:50:29","modified_gmt":"2014-11-07T05:50:29","slug":"glossary-the-tissue-level-of-organization","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-ap1\/chapter\/glossary-the-tissue-level-of-organization\/","title":{"raw":"Glossary: The Tissue Level of Organization","rendered":"Glossary: The Tissue Level of Organization"},"content":{"raw":"
<\/div>\r\n
adipocytes<\/dt>
lipid storage cells<\/dd>
adipose tissue<\/dt>
specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat<\/dd>
anchoring junction<\/dt>
mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane<\/dd>
apical<\/dt>
that part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space<\/dd>
apocrine secretion<\/dt>
release of a substance along with the apical portion of the cell<\/dd>
apoptosis<\/dt>
programmed cell death<\/dd>
areolar tissue<\/dt>
(also, loose connective tissue) a type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix<\/dd>
astrocyte<\/dt>
star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake and\/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier<\/dd>
atrophy<\/dt>
loss of mass and function<\/dd>
basal lamina<\/dt>
thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates them from other tissues<\/dd>
basement membrane<\/dt>
in epithelial tissue, a thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue; made up of the basal lamina and reticular lamina<\/dd>
cardiac muscle<\/dt>
heart muscle, under involuntary control, composed of striated cells that attach to form fibers, each cell contains a single nucleus, contracts autonomously<\/dd>
cell junction<\/dt>
point of cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another in a tissue<\/dd>
chondrocytes<\/dt>
cells of the cartilage<\/dd>
clotting<\/dt>
also called coagulation; complex process by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding<\/dd>
collagen fiber<\/dt>
flexible fibrous proteins that give connective tissue tensile strength<\/dd>
connective tissue membrane<\/dt>
connective tissue that encapsulates organs and lines movable joints<\/dd>
connective tissue proper<\/dt>
connective tissue containing a viscous matrix, fibers, and cells.<\/dd>
connective tissue<\/dt>
type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body\u2019s organs and systems<\/dd>
cutaneous membrane<\/dt>
skin; epithelial tissue made up of a stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body<\/dd>
dense connective tissue<\/dt>
connective tissue proper that contains many fibers that provide both elasticity and protection<\/dd>
ectoderm<\/dt>
outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and the nervous tissue derive<\/dd>
elastic cartilage<\/dt>
type of cartilage, with elastin as the major protein, characterized by rigid support as well as elasticity<\/dd>
elastic fiber<\/dt>
fibrous protein within connective tissue that contains a high percentage of the protein elastin that allows the fibers to stretch and return to original size<\/dd>
endocrine gland<\/dt>
groups of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood<\/dd>
endoderm<\/dt>
innermost embryonic germ layer from which most of the digestive system and lower respiratory system derive<\/dd>
endothelium<\/dt>
tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, made up of a simple squamous epithelium<\/dd>
epithelial membrane<\/dt>
epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue<\/dd>
epithelial tissue<\/dt>
type of tissue that serves primarily as a covering or lining of body parts, protecting the body; it also functions in absorption, transport, and secretion<\/dd>
exocrine gland<\/dt>
group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to the skin or to internal body surfaces that lead to the exterior of the body<\/dd>
fibroblast<\/dt>
most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into the extracellular space<\/dd>
fibrocartilage<\/dt>
tough form of cartilage, made of thick bundles of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate ground substance<\/dd>
fibrocyte<\/dt>
less active form of fibroblast<\/dd>
fluid connective tissue<\/dt>
specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins<\/dd>
gap junction<\/dt>
allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells<\/dd>
goblet cell<\/dt>
unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous<\/dd>
ground substance<\/dt>
fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix<\/dd>
histamine<\/dt>
chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability<\/dd>
histology<\/dt>
microscopic study of tissue architecture, organization, and function<\/dd>
holocrine secretion<\/dt>
release of a substance caused by the rupture of a gland cell, which becomes part of the secretion<\/dd>
hyaline cartilage<\/dt>
most common type of cartilage, smooth and made of short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance<\/dd>
inflammation<\/dt>
response of tissue to injury<\/dd>
lacunae<\/dt>
(singular = lacuna) small spaces in bone or cartilage tissue that cells occupy<\/dd>
lamina propria<\/dt>
areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane<\/dd>
loose connective tissue<\/dt>
(also, areolar tissue) type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix<\/dd>
matrix<\/dt>
extracellular material which is produced by the cells embedded in it, containing ground substance and fibers<\/dd>
merocrine secretion<\/dt>
release of a substance from a gland via exocytosis<\/dd>
mesenchymal cell<\/dt>
adult stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived<\/dd>
mesenchyme<\/dt>
embryonic tissue from which connective tissue cells derive<\/dd>
mesoderm<\/dt>
middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive<\/dd>
mesothelium<\/dt>
simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes<\/dd>
mucous connective tissue<\/dt>
specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord<\/dd>
mucous gland<\/dt>
group of cells that secrete mucous, a thick, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as a lubricant<\/dd>
mucous membrane<\/dt>
tissue membrane that is covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to the outside environment<\/dd>
muscle tissue<\/dt>
type of tissue that is capable of contracting and generating tension in response to stimulation; produces movement.<\/dd>
myelin<\/dt>
layer of lipid inside some neuroglial cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons<\/dd>
myocyte<\/dt>
muscle cells<\/dd>
necrosis<\/dt>
accidental death of cells and tissues<\/dd>
nervous tissue<\/dt>
type of tissue that is capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals.<\/dd>
neuroglia<\/dt>
supportive neural cells<\/dd>
neuron<\/dt>
excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses<\/dd>
oligodendrocyte<\/dt>
neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain<\/dd>
parenchyma<\/dt>
functional cells of a gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ<\/dd>
primary union<\/dt>
edges of a wound are close enough together to promote healing without the use of stitches to hold them close<\/dd>
pseudostratified columnar epithelium<\/dt>
tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract<\/dd>
reticular fiber<\/dt>
fine fibrous protein, made of collagen subunits, which cross-link to form supporting \u201cnets\u201d within connective tissue<\/dd>
reticular lamina<\/dt>
matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue; a component of the basement membrane<\/dd>
reticular tissue<\/dt>
type of loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymphatic tissue, spleen, and the liver<\/dd>
Schwann cell<\/dt>
neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system<\/dd>
secondary union<\/dt>
wound healing facilitated by wound contraction<\/dd>
serous gland<\/dt>
group of cells within the serous membrane that secrete a lubricating substance onto the surface<\/dd>
serous membrane<\/dt>
type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid<\/dd>
simple columnar epithelium<\/dt>
tissue that consists of a single layer of column-like cells; promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs<\/dd>
simple cuboidal epithelium<\/dt>
tissue that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells; promotes secretion and absorption in ducts and tubules<\/dd>
simple squamous epithelium<\/dt>
tissue that consists of a single layer of flat scale-like cells; promotes diffusion and filtration across surface<\/dd>
skeletal muscle<\/dt>
usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleated and striated<\/dd>
smooth muscle<\/dt>
under involuntary control, moves internal organs, cells contain a single nucleus, are spindle-shaped, and do not appear striated; each cell is a fiber<\/dd>
stratified columnar epithelium<\/dt>
tissue that consists of two or more layers of column-like cells, contains glands and is found in some ducts<\/dd>
stratified cuboidal epithelium<\/dt>
tissue that consists of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts<\/dd>
stratified squamous epithelium<\/dt>
tissue that consists of multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale-like cells; protects surfaces from abrasion<\/dd>
striation<\/dt>
alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern<\/dd>
supportive connective tissue<\/dt>
type of connective tissue that provides strength to the body and protects soft tissue<\/dd>
synovial membrane<\/dt>
connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication<\/dd>
tight junction<\/dt>
forms an impermeable barrier between cells<\/dd>
tissue membrane<\/dt>
thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities<\/dd>
tissue<\/dt>
group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions<\/dd>
totipotent<\/dt>
embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in the body<\/dd>
transitional epithelium<\/dt>
form of stratified epithelium found in the urinary tract, characterized by an apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine<\/dd>
vasodilation<\/dt>
widening of blood vessels<\/dd>
wound contraction<\/dt>
process whereby the borders of a wound are physically drawn together<\/dd><\/dl><\/div>","rendered":"
<\/div>\n
\n
\n
adipocytes<\/dt>\n
lipid storage cells<\/dd>\n
adipose tissue<\/dt>\n
specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat<\/dd>\n
anchoring junction<\/dt>\n
mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane<\/dd>\n
apical<\/dt>\n
that part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space<\/dd>\n
apocrine secretion<\/dt>\n
release of a substance along with the apical portion of the cell<\/dd>\n
apoptosis<\/dt>\n
programmed cell death<\/dd>\n
areolar tissue<\/dt>\n
(also, loose connective tissue) a type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix<\/dd>\n
astrocyte<\/dt>\n
star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake and\/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier<\/dd>\n
atrophy<\/dt>\n
loss of mass and function<\/dd>\n
basal lamina<\/dt>\n
thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates them from other tissues<\/dd>\n
basement membrane<\/dt>\n
in epithelial tissue, a thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue; made up of the basal lamina and reticular lamina<\/dd>\n
cardiac muscle<\/dt>\n
heart muscle, under involuntary control, composed of striated cells that attach to form fibers, each cell contains a single nucleus, contracts autonomously<\/dd>\n
cell junction<\/dt>\n
point of cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another in a tissue<\/dd>\n
chondrocytes<\/dt>\n
cells of the cartilage<\/dd>\n
clotting<\/dt>\n
also called coagulation; complex process by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding<\/dd>\n
collagen fiber<\/dt>\n
flexible fibrous proteins that give connective tissue tensile strength<\/dd>\n
connective tissue membrane<\/dt>\n
connective tissue that encapsulates organs and lines movable joints<\/dd>\n
connective tissue proper<\/dt>\n
connective tissue containing a viscous matrix, fibers, and cells.<\/dd>\n
connective tissue<\/dt>\n
type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body\u2019s organs and systems<\/dd>\n
cutaneous membrane<\/dt>\n
skin; epithelial tissue made up of a stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body<\/dd>\n
dense connective tissue<\/dt>\n
connective tissue proper that contains many fibers that provide both elasticity and protection<\/dd>\n
ectoderm<\/dt>\n
outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and the nervous tissue derive<\/dd>\n
elastic cartilage<\/dt>\n
type of cartilage, with elastin as the major protein, characterized by rigid support as well as elasticity<\/dd>\n
elastic fiber<\/dt>\n
fibrous protein within connective tissue that contains a high percentage of the protein elastin that allows the fibers to stretch and return to original size<\/dd>\n
endocrine gland<\/dt>\n
groups of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood<\/dd>\n
endoderm<\/dt>\n
innermost embryonic germ layer from which most of the digestive system and lower respiratory system derive<\/dd>\n
endothelium<\/dt>\n
tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, made up of a simple squamous epithelium<\/dd>\n
epithelial membrane<\/dt>\n
epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue<\/dd>\n
epithelial tissue<\/dt>\n
type of tissue that serves primarily as a covering or lining of body parts, protecting the body; it also functions in absorption, transport, and secretion<\/dd>\n
exocrine gland<\/dt>\n
group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to the skin or to internal body surfaces that lead to the exterior of the body<\/dd>\n
fibroblast<\/dt>\n
most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into the extracellular space<\/dd>\n
fibrocartilage<\/dt>\n
tough form of cartilage, made of thick bundles of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate ground substance<\/dd>\n
fibrocyte<\/dt>\n
less active form of fibroblast<\/dd>\n
fluid connective tissue<\/dt>\n
specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins<\/dd>\n
gap junction<\/dt>\n
allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells<\/dd>\n
goblet cell<\/dt>\n
unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous<\/dd>\n
ground substance<\/dt>\n
fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix<\/dd>\n
histamine<\/dt>\n
chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability<\/dd>\n
histology<\/dt>\n
microscopic study of tissue architecture, organization, and function<\/dd>\n
holocrine secretion<\/dt>\n
release of a substance caused by the rupture of a gland cell, which becomes part of the secretion<\/dd>\n
hyaline cartilage<\/dt>\n
most common type of cartilage, smooth and made of short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance<\/dd>\n
inflammation<\/dt>\n
response of tissue to injury<\/dd>\n
lacunae<\/dt>\n
(singular = lacuna) small spaces in bone or cartilage tissue that cells occupy<\/dd>\n
lamina propria<\/dt>\n
areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane<\/dd>\n
loose connective tissue<\/dt>\n
(also, areolar tissue) type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix<\/dd>\n
matrix<\/dt>\n
extracellular material which is produced by the cells embedded in it, containing ground substance and fibers<\/dd>\n
merocrine secretion<\/dt>\n
release of a substance from a gland via exocytosis<\/dd>\n
mesenchymal cell<\/dt>\n
adult stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived<\/dd>\n
mesenchyme<\/dt>\n
embryonic tissue from which connective tissue cells derive<\/dd>\n
mesoderm<\/dt>\n
middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive<\/dd>\n
mesothelium<\/dt>\n
simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes<\/dd>\n
mucous connective tissue<\/dt>\n
specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord<\/dd>\n
mucous gland<\/dt>\n
group of cells that secrete mucous, a thick, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as a lubricant<\/dd>\n
mucous membrane<\/dt>\n
tissue membrane that is covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to the outside environment<\/dd>\n
muscle tissue<\/dt>\n
type of tissue that is capable of contracting and generating tension in response to stimulation; produces movement.<\/dd>\n
myelin<\/dt>\n
layer of lipid inside some neuroglial cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons<\/dd>\n
myocyte<\/dt>\n
muscle cells<\/dd>\n
necrosis<\/dt>\n
accidental death of cells and tissues<\/dd>\n
nervous tissue<\/dt>\n
type of tissue that is capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals.<\/dd>\n
neuroglia<\/dt>\n
supportive neural cells<\/dd>\n
neuron<\/dt>\n
excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses<\/dd>\n
oligodendrocyte<\/dt>\n
neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain<\/dd>\n
parenchyma<\/dt>\n
functional cells of a gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ<\/dd>\n
primary union<\/dt>\n
edges of a wound are close enough together to promote healing without the use of stitches to hold them close<\/dd>\n
pseudostratified columnar epithelium<\/dt>\n
tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract<\/dd>\n
reticular fiber<\/dt>\n
fine fibrous protein, made of collagen subunits, which cross-link to form supporting \u201cnets\u201d within connective tissue<\/dd>\n
reticular lamina<\/dt>\n
matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue; a component of the basement membrane<\/dd>\n
reticular tissue<\/dt>\n
type of loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymphatic tissue, spleen, and the liver<\/dd>\n
Schwann cell<\/dt>\n
neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system<\/dd>\n
secondary union<\/dt>\n
wound healing facilitated by wound contraction<\/dd>\n
serous gland<\/dt>\n
group of cells within the serous membrane that secrete a lubricating substance onto the surface<\/dd>\n
serous membrane<\/dt>\n
type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid<\/dd>\n
simple columnar epithelium<\/dt>\n
tissue that consists of a single layer of column-like cells; promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs<\/dd>\n
simple cuboidal epithelium<\/dt>\n
tissue that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells; promotes secretion and absorption in ducts and tubules<\/dd>\n
simple squamous epithelium<\/dt>\n
tissue that consists of a single layer of flat scale-like cells; promotes diffusion and filtration across surface<\/dd>\n
skeletal muscle<\/dt>\n
usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleated and striated<\/dd>\n
smooth muscle<\/dt>\n
under involuntary control, moves internal organs, cells contain a single nucleus, are spindle-shaped, and do not appear striated; each cell is a fiber<\/dd>\n
stratified columnar epithelium<\/dt>\n
tissue that consists of two or more layers of column-like cells, contains glands and is found in some ducts<\/dd>\n
stratified cuboidal epithelium<\/dt>\n
tissue that consists of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts<\/dd>\n
stratified squamous epithelium<\/dt>\n
tissue that consists of multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale-like cells; protects surfaces from abrasion<\/dd>\n
striation<\/dt>\n
alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern<\/dd>\n
supportive connective tissue<\/dt>\n
type of connective tissue that provides strength to the body and protects soft tissue<\/dd>\n
synovial membrane<\/dt>\n
connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication<\/dd>\n
tight junction<\/dt>\n
forms an impermeable barrier between cells<\/dd>\n
tissue membrane<\/dt>\n
thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities<\/dd>\n
tissue<\/dt>\n
group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions<\/dd>\n
totipotent<\/dt>\n
embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in the body<\/dd>\n
transitional epithelium<\/dt>\n
form of stratified epithelium found in the urinary tract, characterized by an apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine<\/dd>\n
vasodilation<\/dt>\n
widening of blood vessels<\/dd>\n
wound contraction<\/dt>\n
process whereby the borders of a wound are physically drawn together<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t
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