{"id":245,"date":"2015-04-07T17:48:56","date_gmt":"2015-04-07T17:48:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/biology2xmaster\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=245"},"modified":"2015-07-06T22:59:54","modified_gmt":"2015-07-06T22:59:54","slug":"introduction-to-invertebrates","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-biology2\/chapter\/introduction-to-invertebrates\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to Invertebrates","rendered":"Introduction to Invertebrates"},"content":{"raw":"A brief look at any magazine pertaining to our natural world, such as\u00a0<em data-effect=\"italics\">National Geographic<\/em>, would show a rich variety of vertebrates, especially mammals and birds. To most people, these are the animals that attract our attention. Concentrating on vertebrates, however, gives us a rather biased and limited view of biodiversity, because it ignores nearly 97 percent of the animal kingdom, namely the invertebrates. Invertebrate animals are those without a cranium and defined vertebral column or spine. In addition to lacking a spine, most invertebrates also lack an endoskeleton. A large number of invertebrates are aquatic animals, and scientific research suggests that many of the world\u2019s species are aquatic invertebrates that have not yet been documented.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"700\"]<img src=\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/resources\/2b8c6e256e2fc0172eb36db4a24a58c0\/Figure_28_00_01.jpg\" alt=\"The photo shows a purple and orange starfish on a sandy flat beach.\" width=\"700\" data-media-type=\"image\/jpg\" \/> Figure 1. Nearly 97 percent of animal species are invertebrates, including this sea star (Astropecten articulates) common to the eastern and southern coasts of the United States (credit: modification of work by Mark Walz)[\/caption]","rendered":"<p>A brief look at any magazine pertaining to our natural world, such as\u00a0<em data-effect=\"italics\">National Geographic<\/em>, would show a rich variety of vertebrates, especially mammals and birds. To most people, these are the animals that attract our attention. Concentrating on vertebrates, however, gives us a rather biased and limited view of biodiversity, because it ignores nearly 97 percent of the animal kingdom, namely the invertebrates. Invertebrate animals are those without a cranium and defined vertebral column or spine. In addition to lacking a spine, most invertebrates also lack an endoskeleton. A large number of invertebrates are aquatic animals, and scientific research suggests that many of the world\u2019s species are aquatic invertebrates that have not yet been documented.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/resources\/2b8c6e256e2fc0172eb36db4a24a58c0\/Figure_28_00_01.jpg\" alt=\"The photo shows a purple and orange starfish on a sandy flat beach.\" width=\"700\" data-media-type=\"image\/jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1. Nearly 97 percent of animal species are invertebrates, including this sea star (Astropecten articulates) common to the eastern and southern coasts of the United States (credit: modification of work by Mark Walz)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-245\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Biology. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: OpenStax. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@9.44:1\/Biology\">http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@9.44:1\/Biology<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":923,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Biology\",\"author\":\"OpenStax\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax College\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@9.44:1\/Biology\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-245","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":148,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/923"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/245\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":782,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/245\/revisions\/782"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/148"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/245\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-biology2\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=245"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=245"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-biology2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}