{"id":57,"date":"2019-07-23T20:49:21","date_gmt":"2019-07-23T20:49:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-childdevelopment\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=57"},"modified":"2019-07-26T20:39:29","modified_gmt":"2019-07-26T20:39:29","slug":"assessing-reliability","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-childdevelopment\/chapter\/assessing-reliability\/","title":{"raw":"Assessing Reliability","rendered":"Assessing Reliability"},"content":{"raw":"<strong>Assessing Reliability<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThere is health information all around us.\u00a0 Children, in particular, are vulnerable to inaccurate or misleading health information.\u00a0 This is critical, as the information we utilize impacts the decisions and health behaviors that influence our level of health and wellness.\u00a0 As adults, we need to know how to assess health information for reliability so that we can guide children in healthy ways.\u00a0 We can teach young children about the various sources of health information they will encounter.\r\n\r\n<strong>What does Reliable mean?<\/strong>\u00a0 Reliable is an adjective that means capable of being relied on or dependable. It also means, yielding the same or comparable results in different clinical experiments.\r\n\r\n<strong>Potential hazards of not using reliable, evidence-based resources include financial loss, health risk, injury, disability or death.\u00a0 <\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Potential Issues with Reliability<\/strong>:\r\n\r\nAsk yourself the following questions to help determine reliability.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Does the headline\/article\/source contain enough information?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Is the information or author biased?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Who is the author?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Is the information subject to interpretation?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Has the information been distorted?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Has the information been replicated? Can you verify the info in more than one source?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Does the information contain proper references?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How current is the information?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nThere is a lot of unreliable health information in many places.\u00a0 Let's talk about people as sources of health information.\u00a0 Do you get your health information from friends and family members?\u00a0 Although it is most convenient to obtain health advice from people who are close to us, most friends and relatives are not the best sources of health information..............unless they utilize evidence based research information in a skeptical way!\r\n\r\n<strong>Assessing Publications and Posts - Which of the following would be most or least reliable and why?<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Book<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Newspaper<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Magazine<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Health-Related Blog<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Research Journal (Scholarly Journal)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Social Media Post<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nLet\u2019s talk about books. Anyone can write a <em>book. <\/em>If someone writes a book about their life experiences related to health, it may be very interesting, however, it is only one person\u2019s experience.\u00a0 We can't gain reliable health information by looking only at the life or perspective of <em>one<\/em> individual person. \u00a0If it\u2019s a book based on one person\u2019s experience or their opinions, then it\u2019s not reliable. Reliable health information involves looking at many, many individuals and then using the research process to control for factors that may have caused certain results by chance.\u00a0 Some people do write books that are based on solid research and provide good references, but this would be the minority of books.\r\n\r\n<em>Newspaper and magazine articles<\/em> related to health will generally have significant issues with reliability.\u00a0 They are usually written by someone who is taking the information from another source.\u00a0 This makes it subject to interpretation.\u00a0 If you've ever played the telephone game, you know that messages can get altered when they go through other sources.\u00a0 If the writer is taking the article directly from an original research article, then the interpretation problem probably isn't as big as it would be if they had taken it from another author who had already interpreted the study.\u00a0 News media, in particular, is known for wanting to grab attention and therefore will put out one-line attention grabbing statements that may be based on only one study. Also, critical information is often omitted, and frequently the original source is not provided for follow up.\u00a0 This also happens frequently with radio and TV news bits.\u00a0 Some people think they need to change a health behavior based on a one-sentence news flash.\u00a0 In reality, it may be information that defies the results of hundreds of other studies.\u00a0 Individuals listening to the news flash don't realize this, and don't realize that for health information to be reliable, you want to see it replicated, or repeated, in a number of studies.\r\n\r\nSometimes magazine or newspaper articles are written or sponsored by a for-profit entity and will be biased toward use of a product. \u00a0It is very important to look at who the author is or who the article is funded by. We should always be on the lookout for bias in advertising with every source of health information.\u00a0 Many times, the information used as a basis for sales is not reliable.\r\n\r\nThere are many <em>social media posts<\/em> about health that are not reliable information. Some are based on research, but individuals rarely check before sharing and having the information go viral.\u00a0 There are also numerous <em>blogs<\/em> on the internet.\u00a0 Do they provide reliable information?\u00a0 Generally, no.\u00a0 Blogs usually involve opinion without research backing.\u00a0 Could there be a reliable researcher who is providing research based information through a blog?\u00a0 Yes, but that would be unlikely.\r\n\r\n<strong>Research in a peer-reviewed journal<\/strong> is going to be one of the best sources of reliable health information that you can find.\u00a0 When original research is published in a research journal, it is first hand and a primary source.\u00a0 It is the raw data provided by the researchers. Therefore, the issue of interpretation, where another author may have interpreted something in a different way, is reduced.\u00a0 Review articles in peer-reviewed journals are a secondary source, however, the researcher(s) compiling the review are experts in the field and their work is critically scrutinized by other experts.\u00a0 (Peer-reviewed means that it has been critically reviewed by other professionals in the field. Peer-reviewed journal articles are not published unless they comply with rigorous standards, from the review of existing literature to the analysis of data and listing of possible limitations.)\u00a0 Also, any funders or conflicts of interest must be listed so the reader knows of potential bias.\r\n\r\nBe sure to note that just because a publication has the word \u201cjournal\u201d in it does not mean that it is a research journal.\u00a0 For example, you may have heard of \u201cThe Wall Street Journal\u201d or \u201cLadies Home Journal\u201d. These are not research journals and do not contain actual research studies.\u00a0 \u201cThe New England Journal of Medicine\u201d, however, is an example of a research journal that contains actual research studies.\u00a0 If you are questioning whether or not your source is a research journal, look for the characteristics of a research journal study article within.\r\n\r\n<strong>How do I know if an article is a study from a Scholarly Journal\/Research Journal?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nYou will usually find most all of the following elements in such an article, as well as a lengthy list of references:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Abstract<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Review of Literature<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Methods<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Data Analysis<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Results\/Discussion<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Limitations<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reference List (Usually Long!)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIf you have not spent time reading research journal articles, at first, the research articles may be difficult to read through.\u00a0 Key point - Do not expect to understand everything within the article, especially when it comes to the data analysis. It is very helpful to start by reading the abstract, as it is a simplified summary of the research. As you become more familiar with these types of articles, you will feel more comfortable.\r\n\r\n<strong>What about the INTERNET?\u00a0 <\/strong>\r\n\r\nThere is a lot of incorrect health information on the internet. The internet is full of information.\u00a0 We even have to watch out for \"fake news\"...........\"news\" that is posted with the intention of deception in order to sway the reader's viewpoint and\/or wallet.\r\n\r\nHeadlines, whether they are on the internet or from another source, can be very misleading.\u00a0 It\u2019s all about attention-grabbing and money making!\r\n\r\n<strong>True or False? <\/strong>_____ If the first five items that come up as a result of a Google search say the same thing, it must be true.\r\n\r\nFalse-\u00a0 Unfortunately, people may think this is true, but search engines are using a system of algorithms that sort and rank webpages, some of which contain inaccurate and\/or misleading information. These websites can appear to be reliable, but unfortunately those who are trying to deceive are very proficient at making false information appear true. Unfortunately, some individuals have carried out harmful behaviors as a result of believing false internet information. Luckily, we have tools we can use to evaluate information we find on the internet.\r\n\r\nAs previously discussed, there is a lot of health information on the web and the majority of what people see is not reliable.\u00a0 Much of the information is interpretation and\/or opinion.\u00a0 Typically, .edu and .gov sites are going to be more reliable than .coms. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) site can be very useful for reliable data regarding a number of US health topics. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.cdc.gov<\/a>\u00a0 Check the World Health Organization (WHO) site for global information\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.who.int\/en.<\/a>\u00a0The .org sites can go either way.\u00a0 Just because an organization has non-profit status, does not mean that their sources are sound.\u00a0 There are some exceptions, of course, but we need to be cautious. The .edu and .gov organizations are much more reputable overall.\u00a0 The institutions behind them tend to have familiarity with reliable research, the peer review process, have less bias, will not be involved with making a profit, and work with larger sample sizes.\r\n\r\nLook for peer-reviewed journal research.\u00a0 DO NOT just Google or do a regular search, as it is unlikely you will be able to access original research journal articles.\u00a0 Colleges have subscriptions to a number of research journals, which can be accessed by students.\u00a0 Peer-reviewed studies from scholarly journals can be accessed via the internet.\r\n\r\n<strong>Why is Research so Important?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIf we make our decisions based on only our individual experience or even a small group of people\u2019s experience, that would be extremely problematic.\u00a0 The experience of one person or a small group cannot be generalized or applied to other people, as the probability is low that the same outcome would be the result.\u00a0 If research is reliable and done well, it provides us with a much more educated view than we would otherwise have.\r\n\r\nFor example, if we are making a decision regarding dietary intake, taking a medication or whether or not to start smoking, it is very helpful for us to look at reliable research.\u00a0 We may have a close friend or relative who has had great success with a diet with no apparent negative effects.\u00a0 If we rely on individual experience, that may influence us to participate in an unhealthy behavior.\u00a0 If we look at some research, however, we will likely see a very different picture regarding the probability of having health issues.\u00a0 With the power of studying large numbers of people, we have much better information. If we see that out of thousands of people studied a large or \u201csignificant\u201d number had healthy outcomes, that would be good evidence to consider.\r\n\r\n<strong>How Does Research Work?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nResearch is done in various ways. In many cases, large groups of individuals are compared. The more individuals that are involved in the study, the stronger the outcomes, as that decreases the probability that the results were coincidental.\u00a0 Researchers must do their best to control for \u201cconfounding factors\u201d.\u00a0 This means that if the impact of physical exercise on ADHD were being studied and the children in the group with the physical exercise was showing a decrease in ADHD symptoms, researchers would need to make sure that other factors, such as diet or medications were not influencing that difference. Repeating the same study on additional individuals helps validate the results as well.","rendered":"<p><strong>Assessing Reliability<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There is health information all around us.\u00a0 Children, in particular, are vulnerable to inaccurate or misleading health information.\u00a0 This is critical, as the information we utilize impacts the decisions and health behaviors that influence our level of health and wellness.\u00a0 As adults, we need to know how to assess health information for reliability so that we can guide children in healthy ways.\u00a0 We can teach young children about the various sources of health information they will encounter.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What does Reliable mean?<\/strong>\u00a0 Reliable is an adjective that means capable of being relied on or dependable. It also means, yielding the same or comparable results in different clinical experiments.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Potential hazards of not using reliable, evidence-based resources include financial loss, health risk, injury, disability or death.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Potential Issues with Reliability<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>Ask yourself the following questions to help determine reliability.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Does the headline\/article\/source contain enough information?<\/li>\n<li>Is the information or author biased?<\/li>\n<li>Who is the author?<\/li>\n<li>Is the information subject to interpretation?<\/li>\n<li>Has the information been distorted?<\/li>\n<li>Has the information been replicated? Can you verify the info in more than one source?<\/li>\n<li>Does the information contain proper references?<\/li>\n<li>How current is the information?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>There is a lot of unreliable health information in many places.\u00a0 Let&#8217;s talk about people as sources of health information.\u00a0 Do you get your health information from friends and family members?\u00a0 Although it is most convenient to obtain health advice from people who are close to us, most friends and relatives are not the best sources of health information&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..unless they utilize evidence based research information in a skeptical way!<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assessing Publications and Posts &#8211; Which of the following would be most or least reliable and why?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Book<\/li>\n<li>Newspaper<\/li>\n<li>Magazine<\/li>\n<li>Health-Related Blog<\/li>\n<li>Research Journal (Scholarly Journal)<\/li>\n<li>Social Media Post<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Let\u2019s talk about books. Anyone can write a <em>book. <\/em>If someone writes a book about their life experiences related to health, it may be very interesting, however, it is only one person\u2019s experience.\u00a0 We can&#8217;t gain reliable health information by looking only at the life or perspective of <em>one<\/em> individual person. \u00a0If it\u2019s a book based on one person\u2019s experience or their opinions, then it\u2019s not reliable. Reliable health information involves looking at many, many individuals and then using the research process to control for factors that may have caused certain results by chance.\u00a0 Some people do write books that are based on solid research and provide good references, but this would be the minority of books.<\/p>\n<p><em>Newspaper and magazine articles<\/em> related to health will generally have significant issues with reliability.\u00a0 They are usually written by someone who is taking the information from another source.\u00a0 This makes it subject to interpretation.\u00a0 If you&#8217;ve ever played the telephone game, you know that messages can get altered when they go through other sources.\u00a0 If the writer is taking the article directly from an original research article, then the interpretation problem probably isn&#8217;t as big as it would be if they had taken it from another author who had already interpreted the study.\u00a0 News media, in particular, is known for wanting to grab attention and therefore will put out one-line attention grabbing statements that may be based on only one study. Also, critical information is often omitted, and frequently the original source is not provided for follow up.\u00a0 This also happens frequently with radio and TV news bits.\u00a0 Some people think they need to change a health behavior based on a one-sentence news flash.\u00a0 In reality, it may be information that defies the results of hundreds of other studies.\u00a0 Individuals listening to the news flash don&#8217;t realize this, and don&#8217;t realize that for health information to be reliable, you want to see it replicated, or repeated, in a number of studies.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes magazine or newspaper articles are written or sponsored by a for-profit entity and will be biased toward use of a product. \u00a0It is very important to look at who the author is or who the article is funded by. We should always be on the lookout for bias in advertising with every source of health information.\u00a0 Many times, the information used as a basis for sales is not reliable.<\/p>\n<p>There are many <em>social media posts<\/em> about health that are not reliable information. Some are based on research, but individuals rarely check before sharing and having the information go viral.\u00a0 There are also numerous <em>blogs<\/em> on the internet.\u00a0 Do they provide reliable information?\u00a0 Generally, no.\u00a0 Blogs usually involve opinion without research backing.\u00a0 Could there be a reliable researcher who is providing research based information through a blog?\u00a0 Yes, but that would be unlikely.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Research in a peer-reviewed journal<\/strong> is going to be one of the best sources of reliable health information that you can find.\u00a0 When original research is published in a research journal, it is first hand and a primary source.\u00a0 It is the raw data provided by the researchers. Therefore, the issue of interpretation, where another author may have interpreted something in a different way, is reduced.\u00a0 Review articles in peer-reviewed journals are a secondary source, however, the researcher(s) compiling the review are experts in the field and their work is critically scrutinized by other experts.\u00a0 (Peer-reviewed means that it has been critically reviewed by other professionals in the field. Peer-reviewed journal articles are not published unless they comply with rigorous standards, from the review of existing literature to the analysis of data and listing of possible limitations.)\u00a0 Also, any funders or conflicts of interest must be listed so the reader knows of potential bias.<\/p>\n<p>Be sure to note that just because a publication has the word \u201cjournal\u201d in it does not mean that it is a research journal.\u00a0 For example, you may have heard of \u201cThe Wall Street Journal\u201d or \u201cLadies Home Journal\u201d. These are not research journals and do not contain actual research studies.\u00a0 \u201cThe New England Journal of Medicine\u201d, however, is an example of a research journal that contains actual research studies.\u00a0 If you are questioning whether or not your source is a research journal, look for the characteristics of a research journal study article within.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How do I know if an article is a study from a Scholarly Journal\/Research Journal?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You will usually find most all of the following elements in such an article, as well as a lengthy list of references:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Abstract<\/li>\n<li>Review of Literature<\/li>\n<li>Methods<\/li>\n<li>Data Analysis<\/li>\n<li>Results\/Discussion<\/li>\n<li>Limitations<\/li>\n<li>Reference List (Usually Long!)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you have not spent time reading research journal articles, at first, the research articles may be difficult to read through.\u00a0 Key point &#8211; Do not expect to understand everything within the article, especially when it comes to the data analysis. It is very helpful to start by reading the abstract, as it is a simplified summary of the research. As you become more familiar with these types of articles, you will feel more comfortable.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What about the INTERNET?\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There is a lot of incorrect health information on the internet. The internet is full of information.\u00a0 We even have to watch out for &#8220;fake news&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..&#8221;news&#8221; that is posted with the intention of deception in order to sway the reader&#8217;s viewpoint and\/or wallet.<\/p>\n<p>Headlines, whether they are on the internet or from another source, can be very misleading.\u00a0 It\u2019s all about attention-grabbing and money making!<\/p>\n<p><strong>True or False? <\/strong>_____ If the first five items that come up as a result of a Google search say the same thing, it must be true.<\/p>\n<p>False-\u00a0 Unfortunately, people may think this is true, but search engines are using a system of algorithms that sort and rank webpages, some of which contain inaccurate and\/or misleading information. These websites can appear to be reliable, but unfortunately those who are trying to deceive are very proficient at making false information appear true. Unfortunately, some individuals have carried out harmful behaviors as a result of believing false internet information. Luckily, we have tools we can use to evaluate information we find on the internet.<\/p>\n<p>As previously discussed, there is a lot of health information on the web and the majority of what people see is not reliable.\u00a0 Much of the information is interpretation and\/or opinion.\u00a0 Typically, .edu and .gov sites are going to be more reliable than .coms. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) site can be very useful for reliable data regarding a number of US health topics. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.cdc.gov<\/a>\u00a0 Check the World Health Organization (WHO) site for global information\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.who.int\/en.<\/a>\u00a0The .org sites can go either way.\u00a0 Just because an organization has non-profit status, does not mean that their sources are sound.\u00a0 There are some exceptions, of course, but we need to be cautious. The .edu and .gov organizations are much more reputable overall.\u00a0 The institutions behind them tend to have familiarity with reliable research, the peer review process, have less bias, will not be involved with making a profit, and work with larger sample sizes.<\/p>\n<p>Look for peer-reviewed journal research.\u00a0 DO NOT just Google or do a regular search, as it is unlikely you will be able to access original research journal articles.\u00a0 Colleges have subscriptions to a number of research journals, which can be accessed by students.\u00a0 Peer-reviewed studies from scholarly journals can be accessed via the internet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why is Research so Important?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If we make our decisions based on only our individual experience or even a small group of people\u2019s experience, that would be extremely problematic.\u00a0 The experience of one person or a small group cannot be generalized or applied to other people, as the probability is low that the same outcome would be the result.\u00a0 If research is reliable and done well, it provides us with a much more educated view than we would otherwise have.<\/p>\n<p>For example, if we are making a decision regarding dietary intake, taking a medication or whether or not to start smoking, it is very helpful for us to look at reliable research.\u00a0 We may have a close friend or relative who has had great success with a diet with no apparent negative effects.\u00a0 If we rely on individual experience, that may influence us to participate in an unhealthy behavior.\u00a0 If we look at some research, however, we will likely see a very different picture regarding the probability of having health issues.\u00a0 With the power of studying large numbers of people, we have much better information. If we see that out of thousands of people studied a large or \u201csignificant\u201d number had healthy outcomes, that would be good evidence to consider.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How Does Research Work?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Research is done in various ways. In many cases, large groups of individuals are compared. The more individuals that are involved in the study, the stronger the outcomes, as that decreases the probability that the results were coincidental.\u00a0 Researchers must do their best to control for \u201cconfounding factors\u201d.\u00a0 This means that if the impact of physical exercise on ADHD were being studied and the children in the group with the physical exercise was showing a decrease in ADHD symptoms, researchers would need to make sure that other factors, such as diet or medications were not influencing that difference. Repeating the same study on additional individuals helps validate the results as well.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-57\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Specific attribution<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Foundations of Personal Health and Wellness. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Cristin Finch. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC: Attribution-NonCommercial<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":186456,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc-attribution\",\"description\":\"Foundations of Personal Health and Wellness\",\"author\":\"Cristin Finch\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-57","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":55,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-childdevelopment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/57","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-childdevelopment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-childdevelopment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-childdevelopment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/186456"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-childdevelopment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/57\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":192,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-childdevelopment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/57\/revisions\/192"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-childdevelopment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/55"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-childdevelopment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/57\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-childdevelopment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-childdevelopment\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=57"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-childdevelopment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=57"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-childdevelopment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=57"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}