{"id":222,"date":"2016-03-25T20:44:20","date_gmt":"2016-03-25T20:44:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level1-english\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=222"},"modified":"2016-08-18T23:24:16","modified_gmt":"2016-08-18T23:24:16","slug":"research-tips","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-college-composition\/chapter\/research-tips\/","title":{"raw":"Source Analysis","rendered":"Source Analysis"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>identify the relationship between a potential source and the writing task<\/li>\r\n \t<li>identify strategies for evaluating the rhetorical context (author, purpose, audience) of a source<\/li>\r\n \t<li>identify strategies for evaluating the authority, reliability, and effectiveness of a source (the C.R.A.A.P. method)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>identify strategies for comparison and synthesis between multiple sources<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-1163 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/04\/22142959\/3056047060_1fb34a6209_o.jpg\" alt=\"Drawing of a figure with a cigar in its mouth, saying &quot;rubbish!&quot;\" width=\"189\" height=\"140\" \/>Good researchers and writers examine their sources critically and actively. They do not just compile and summarize these research sources in their writing, but use them to create their own ideas, theories, and, ultimately, their own, new understanding of the topic they are researching. Such an approach means not taking the information and opinions that the sources contain at face value and for granted, but to investigate, test, and even doubt every claim, every example, every story, and every conclusion.\r\n\r\nIn this section you'll learn about analyzing sources and how to utilize the C.R.A.A.P test to verify that your source is useful and relevant.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2>Evaluating Sources<\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-2917 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/07\/30031122\/Doing-research-graphic-analyze-300x271.jpg\" alt=\"Analyzing Sources: Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose.\" width=\"226\" height=\"204\" \/>You will need to evaluate each source you consider using by asking two questions:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Is this source trustworthy?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Is this source suitable?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nNot every suitable source is trustworthy, and not every trustworthy source is suitable.\r\n<h3>Determining Suitability<\/h3>\r\nYour task as a researcher is to determine the appropriateness of the information your source\u00a0contains, for your particular research project. It is a simple question, really: will this source help me answer the research questions that I am posing in my project? Will it help me learn as much as I can about my topic? Will it help me\u00a0write an\u00a0interesting, convincing\u00a0essay\u00a0for my readers?\r\n<h3>Determining Trustworthiness<\/h3>\r\nClick through the slideshow to read about techniques for analyzing sources and differentiating between popular and scholarly sources.\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/d\/1ltJqsbfj7KK9sic0DxZmr3uBMqjcHADkH8jZuXAjW1U\/embed?start=false&amp;loop=false&amp;delayms=3000\" width=\"480\" height=\"375\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2>Tools for Evaluating Sources<\/h2>\r\nNeed a good way to evaluate a source? \u00a0Take a look at its\u00a0\"craap\"!\r\n\r\nThe C.R.A.A.P. method is a way to determine the validity and relevance of a source.\u00a0C.R.A.A.P. stands for\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>C<\/strong>: Currency. When was the information published?<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>R<\/strong>: Relevance. How relevant to your goals is the information?<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>A<\/strong>: Authority. How well does the author of the information know the information?<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>A<\/strong>: Accuracy. How reliable is the information?<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>P<\/strong>: Purpose. Why does this information exist in this way?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIf the source you're looking at is fairly current, relevant, and accurate, it's probably a good source to use.\u00a0Depending on the aim of your paper, you'll be looking for an authority and purpose that are unbiased and informative.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/_M1-aMCJHFg\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2>Using Sources in Your Paper<\/h2>\r\nWithin the pages of your research essay, it is important to properly reference and cite your sources to avoid plagiarism and to give credit for original ideas.\r\n\r\nThere are three main ways to put a source to use in your essay: you can quote it, you can summarize\u00a0it, and you can paraphrase\u00a0it.\r\n<h3>Quoting<\/h3>\r\n<img class=\"alignleft wp-image-774 \" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/04\/12143659\/180px-Cquote2.svg_.png\" alt=\"quotation marks\" width=\"107\" height=\"80\" \/>Direct quotations are words and phrases that are taken directly from another source, and then used word-for-word in your paper. If you incorporate a direct quotation from another author's text, you must put that quotation or phrase in quotation marks to indicate that it is not your language.\r\n\r\nWhen writing direct quotations, you can use the source author's name in the same sentence as the quotation to introduce the quoted text and\u00a0to indicate the source in which you found the text. You should then include the page number or other relevant information in parentheses at the end of the phrase (the exact format will depend on the formatting style of your essay).\r\n<h3>Summarizing<\/h3>\r\nSummarizing involves condensing\u00a0the main idea of a source into a much shorter overview. A summary outlines a source's most important points and general position. When summarizing a source, it is still necessary to use a citation to give credit to the original author. You must reference the author or source in the appropriate citation method at the end of the summary.\r\n<h3>Paraphrasing<\/h3>\r\nWhen paraphrasing, you may put any part of a source (such as a phrase, sentence, paragraph, or chapter) into your own words. You may find that the original source uses language that is more clear, concise, or specific than your own language, in which case you should use a direct quotation, putting quotation marks around those unique words or phrases you don't change.\r\n\r\nIt is common to use a mixture of paraphrased text and quoted words or phrases, as long as the direct quotations are inside of quotation marks.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_548\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"395\"]<img class=\"wp-image-548\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/04\/05021520\/brickpile.jpg\" alt=\"Pile of unorganized bricks.\" width=\"395\" height=\"262\" \/> Sources that are not properly integrated into your paper are\u00a0like \"bricks without mortar: you have the essential substance, but there\u2019s nothing to hold it together, rendering the whole thing formless\" (Smith).[\/caption]\r\n<h3>Providing Context for Your Sources<\/h3>\r\nWhether you use a direct quotation, a summary, or a paraphrase, it is important to distinguish the original source from your ideas, and to explain how the cited source fits into your argument. While the use of quotation marks or parenthetical citations tells your reader that these are not your own words or ideas, you should follow the quote with a description, in your own terms, of what the quote says and why it is relevant to the purpose of your paper. You should not let quoted or paraphrased text stand alone in your paper, but rather, should integrate the sources into your argument by providing context and explanations about how each source supports your argument.[footnote]<a href=\"http:\/\/waldenwritingcenter.blogspot.com\" target=\"_blank\">Smith, Matt. \"Putting It All Together: Thesis Synthesis.\" Web log post. Walden University Writing Center, 12 Apr. 2013. Web. 04 Apr. 2016.<\/a>[\/footnote]\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2>Using Multiple Sources<\/h2>\r\nSources are a great help for understanding a topic more deeply. \u00a0But what about when sources don't quite agree with one another, or challenge what you have experienced yourself?\r\n\r\nThis is where your skill of <strong>synthesis<\/strong> comes into play, as a writer. Synthesizing includes comparison and contrast, but also allows you to combine multiple perspectives on a topic to reach a deeper understanding.\r\n\r\nThis video explains the process of synthesis in action.\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/7dEGoJdb6O0\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2>Self-Check<\/h2>\r\nhttps:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/1267","rendered":"<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>identify the relationship between a potential source and the writing task<\/li>\n<li>identify strategies for evaluating the rhetorical context (author, purpose, audience) of a source<\/li>\n<li>identify strategies for evaluating the authority, reliability, and effectiveness of a source (the C.R.A.A.P. method)<\/li>\n<li>identify strategies for comparison and synthesis between multiple sources<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1163 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/04\/22142959\/3056047060_1fb34a6209_o.jpg\" alt=\"Drawing of a figure with a cigar in its mouth, saying &quot;rubbish!&quot;\" width=\"189\" height=\"140\" \/>Good researchers and writers examine their sources critically and actively. They do not just compile and summarize these research sources in their writing, but use them to create their own ideas, theories, and, ultimately, their own, new understanding of the topic they are researching. Such an approach means not taking the information and opinions that the sources contain at face value and for granted, but to investigate, test, and even doubt every claim, every example, every story, and every conclusion.<\/p>\n<p>In this section you&#8217;ll learn about analyzing sources and how to utilize the C.R.A.A.P test to verify that your source is useful and relevant.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Evaluating Sources<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2917 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/07\/30031122\/Doing-research-graphic-analyze-300x271.jpg\" alt=\"Analyzing Sources: Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose.\" width=\"226\" height=\"204\" \/>You will need to evaluate each source you consider using by asking two questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Is this source trustworthy?<\/li>\n<li>Is this source suitable?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Not every suitable source is trustworthy, and not every trustworthy source is suitable.<\/p>\n<h3>Determining Suitability<\/h3>\n<p>Your task as a researcher is to determine the appropriateness of the information your source\u00a0contains, for your particular research project. It is a simple question, really: will this source help me answer the research questions that I am posing in my project? Will it help me learn as much as I can about my topic? Will it help me\u00a0write an\u00a0interesting, convincing\u00a0essay\u00a0for my readers?<\/p>\n<h3>Determining Trustworthiness<\/h3>\n<p>Click through the slideshow to read about techniques for analyzing sources and differentiating between popular and scholarly sources.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/d\/1ltJqsbfj7KK9sic0DxZmr3uBMqjcHADkH8jZuXAjW1U\/embed?start=false&amp;loop=false&amp;delayms=3000\" width=\"480\" height=\"375\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Tools for Evaluating Sources<\/h2>\n<p>Need a good way to evaluate a source? \u00a0Take a look at its\u00a0&#8220;craap&#8221;!<\/p>\n<p>The C.R.A.A.P. method is a way to determine the validity and relevance of a source.\u00a0C.R.A.A.P. stands for<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C<\/strong>: Currency. When was the information published?<\/li>\n<li><strong>R<\/strong>: Relevance. How relevant to your goals is the information?<\/li>\n<li><strong>A<\/strong>: Authority. How well does the author of the information know the information?<\/li>\n<li><strong>A<\/strong>: Accuracy. How reliable is the information?<\/li>\n<li><strong>P<\/strong>: Purpose. Why does this information exist in this way?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If the source you&#8217;re looking at is fairly current, relevant, and accurate, it&#8217;s probably a good source to use.\u00a0Depending on the aim of your paper, you&#8217;ll be looking for an authority and purpose that are unbiased and informative.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"How Library Stuff Works: How to Evaluate Resources (the CRAAP Test)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_M1-aMCJHFg?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Using Sources in Your Paper<\/h2>\n<p>Within the pages of your research essay, it is important to properly reference and cite your sources to avoid plagiarism and to give credit for original ideas.<\/p>\n<p>There are three main ways to put a source to use in your essay: you can quote it, you can summarize\u00a0it, and you can paraphrase\u00a0it.<\/p>\n<h3>Quoting<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-774\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/04\/12143659\/180px-Cquote2.svg_.png\" alt=\"quotation marks\" width=\"107\" height=\"80\" \/>Direct quotations are words and phrases that are taken directly from another source, and then used word-for-word in your paper. If you incorporate a direct quotation from another author&#8217;s text, you must put that quotation or phrase in quotation marks to indicate that it is not your language.<\/p>\n<p>When writing direct quotations, you can use the source author&#8217;s name in the same sentence as the quotation to introduce the quoted text and\u00a0to indicate the source in which you found the text. You should then include the page number or other relevant information in parentheses at the end of the phrase (the exact format will depend on the formatting style of your essay).<\/p>\n<h3>Summarizing<\/h3>\n<p>Summarizing involves condensing\u00a0the main idea of a source into a much shorter overview. A summary outlines a source&#8217;s most important points and general position. When summarizing a source, it is still necessary to use a citation to give credit to the original author. You must reference the author or source in the appropriate citation method at the end of the summary.<\/p>\n<h3>Paraphrasing<\/h3>\n<p>When paraphrasing, you may put any part of a source (such as a phrase, sentence, paragraph, or chapter) into your own words. You may find that the original source uses language that is more clear, concise, or specific than your own language, in which case you should use a direct quotation, putting quotation marks around those unique words or phrases you don&#8217;t change.<\/p>\n<p>It is common to use a mixture of paraphrased text and quoted words or phrases, as long as the direct quotations are inside of quotation marks.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_548\" style=\"width: 405px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-548\" class=\"wp-image-548\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/04\/05021520\/brickpile.jpg\" alt=\"Pile of unorganized bricks.\" width=\"395\" height=\"262\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-548\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources that are not properly integrated into your paper are\u00a0like &#8220;bricks without mortar: you have the essential substance, but there\u2019s nothing to hold it together, rendering the whole thing formless&#8221; (Smith).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Providing Context for Your Sources<\/h3>\n<p>Whether you use a direct quotation, a summary, or a paraphrase, it is important to distinguish the original source from your ideas, and to explain how the cited source fits into your argument. While the use of quotation marks or parenthetical citations tells your reader that these are not your own words or ideas, you should follow the quote with a description, in your own terms, of what the quote says and why it is relevant to the purpose of your paper. You should not let quoted or paraphrased text stand alone in your paper, but rather, should integrate the sources into your argument by providing context and explanations about how each source supports your argument.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Smith, Matt. &quot;Putting It All Together: Thesis Synthesis.&quot; Web log post. Walden University Writing Center, 12 Apr. 2013. Web. 04 Apr. 2016.\" id=\"return-footnote-222-1\" href=\"#footnote-222-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Using Multiple Sources<\/h2>\n<p>Sources are a great help for understanding a topic more deeply. \u00a0But what about when sources don&#8217;t quite agree with one another, or challenge what you have experienced yourself?<\/p>\n<p>This is where your skill of <strong>synthesis<\/strong> comes into play, as a writer. Synthesizing includes comparison and contrast, but also allows you to combine multiple perspectives on a topic to reach a deeper understanding.<\/p>\n<p>This video explains the process of synthesis in action.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"Synthesizing Information\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7dEGoJdb6O0?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Self-Check<\/h2>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"lumen_assessment_1267\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/load?assessment_id=1267&#38;embed=1&#38;external_user_id=&#38;external_context_id=&#38;iframe_resize_id=lumen_assessment_1267\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:400px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-222\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Revision and Adaptation. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Analyze sources using the CRAAP test image. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Kim Louie for Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Self-Check. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/1267\">https:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/1267<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Chapter 3 and Suitability, from Chapter 4: Research and Critical Reading. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Pavel Zemliansky. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/threerivers.digication.com\/mod\/modhome\">https:\/\/threerivers.digication.com\/mod\/modhome<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Methods of Discovery. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Image of critic. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Andy Roberts. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/5E43jy\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/5E43jy<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Writing 101: Evaluating Sources Slideshow. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Duke University. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/guides.library.duke.edu\/writing101\/evaluatingsources\">http:\/\/guides.library.duke.edu\/writing101\/evaluatingsources<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Evaluating Sources. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: iWriting. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/iwriting.wikispaces.com\/Evaluating+sources\">https:\/\/iwriting.wikispaces.com\/Evaluating+sources<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Incorporating Your Sources Into Your Paper. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Boundless. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/writing\/textbooks\/boundless-writing-textbook\/the-research-process-2\/understanding-your-sources-265\/understanding-your-sources-62-8498\/\">https:\/\/www.boundless.com\/writing\/textbooks\/boundless-writing-textbook\/the-research-process-2\/understanding-your-sources-265\/understanding-your-sources-62-8498\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Boundless Writing. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>How Library Stuff Works: How to Evaluate Resources (the CRAAP Test). <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: McMaster Libraries. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/_M1-aMCJHFg\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/_M1-aMCJHFg<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><li>Synthesizing Information. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: GCFLearnFree.org. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/7dEGoJdb6O0\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/7dEGoJdb6O0<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">Public domain content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Image of bricks. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Tasja. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Berg_van_stenen.jpg\">https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Berg_van_stenen.jpg<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/pdm\">Public Domain: No Known Copyright<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Image of quotation marks. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Cuahl. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost\/2009-04-13\/Dispatches#\/media\/File:Cquote2.svg\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost\/2009-04-13\/Dispatches#\/media\/File:Cquote2.svg<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/pdm\">Public Domain: No Known Copyright<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-222-1\"><a href=\"http:\/\/waldenwritingcenter.blogspot.com\" target=\"_blank\">Smith, Matt. \"Putting It All Together: Thesis Synthesis.\" Web log post. Walden University Writing Center, 12 Apr. 2013. 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