{"id":1167,"date":"2017-10-12T15:55:09","date_gmt":"2017-10-12T15:55:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-organicchemistry\/?post_type=chapter&p=1167"},"modified":"2018-10-05T17:44:47","modified_gmt":"2018-10-05T17:44:47","slug":"naming-alkynes","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-organicchemistry\/chapter\/naming-alkynes\/","title":{"raw":"Naming Alkynes","rendered":"Naming Alkynes"},"content":{"raw":"
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Objectives<\/h3>\r\n
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\r\n\r\nAfter completing this section, you should be able to\r\n
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  1. provide the correct IUPAC name of an alkyne, given its Kekul\u00e9, condensed or shorthand structure.<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. provide the correct IUPAC name of a compound containing both double and triple bonds, given its Kekul\u00e9, condensed or shorthand structure.<\/li>\r\n \t
  3. draw the structure of a compound containing one or more triple bonds, and possibly one or more double bonds, given its IUPAC name.<\/li>\r\n \t
  4. name and draw the structure of simple alkynyl groups, and where appropriate, use these names as part of the IUPAC system of nomenclature.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    Study Notes<\/h3>\r\nSimple alkynes are named by the same rules that are used for alkenes (see Section 7.3), except that the ending is -yne<\/em> instead of -ene<\/em>. Alkynes cannot exhibit E<\/em>,Z<\/em> (cis\u2011trans) isomerism; hence, in this sense, their nomenclature is simpler than that of alkenes.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

    Alkynes are organic molecules made of the functional group carbon-carbon triple bonds and are written in the empirical formula of $$C_nH_{2n-2}$$. They are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Like alkenes have the suffix \u2013ene, alkynes use the ending \u2013yne; this suffix is used when there is only one alkyne in the molecule.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\"dicarbon_new_62.png\"\r\n

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    Introduction<\/h3>\r\nHere are the molecular formulas and names of the first ten carbon straight chain alkynes.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    Name <\/strong><\/td>\r\nMolecular Formula <\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Ethyne<\/a><\/td>\r\nC2<\/sub>H2<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Propyne<\/td>\r\nC3<\/sub>H4<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    1-Butyne<\/td>\r\nC4<\/sub>H6<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    1-Pentyne<\/td>\r\nC5<\/sub>H8<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    1-Hexyne<\/td>\r\nC6<\/sub>H10<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    1-Heptyne<\/td>\r\nC7<\/sub>H12<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    1-Octyne<\/td>\r\nC8<\/sub>H14<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    1-Nonyne<\/td>\r\nC9<\/sub>H16<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    1-Decyne<\/td>\r\nC10<\/sub>H18<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nThe more commonly used name for ethyne is acetylene, which used industrially.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    Naming Alkynes<\/h3>\r\nLike previously mentioned, the IUPAC rules are used for the naming of alkynes.\r\n
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    Rule 1<\/h4>\r\nFind the longest carbon chain that includes both carbons of the triple bond.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    Rule 2<\/h4>\r\nNumber the longest chain starting at the end closest to the triple bond. A 1-alkyne is referred to as a terminal alkyne and alkynes at any other position are called internal alkynes.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\n4-chloro-6-diiodo-7-methyl-2-nonyne<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    Rule 3<\/strong><\/h4>\r\nAfter numbering the longest chain with the lowest number assigned to the alkyne, label each of the substituents at its corresponding carbon. While writing out the name of the molecule, arrange the substituents in alphabetical order. If there are more than one of the same substituent use the prefixes di, tri, and tetra for two, three, and four substituents respectively. These prefixes are not taken into account in the alphabetical order.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\"2,2,10-triiodo-5-methyldec-3-yne_new_301.png\"\r\n\r\n1-triiodo-4-dimethyl-2-nonyne<\/a>\r\n\r\nIf there is an alcohol present in the molecule, number the longest chain starting at the end closest to it, and follow the same rules. However, the suffix would be \u2013ynol, because the alcohol group takes priority over the triple bond.\r\n\r\n\"\"<\/a>\r\n\r\n5- methyl-7-octyn-3-ol\r\n\r\nWhen there are two triple bonds in the molecule, find the longest carbon chain including both the triple bonds. Number the longest chain starting at the end closest to the triple bond that appears first. The suffix that would be used to name this molecule would be \u2013diyne.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\"4-methylocta-1,5-diyne_new_228.png\"\r\n\r\n4-methyl-1,5-octadiyne\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    Rule 4<\/strong><\/h4>\r\nSubstituents containing a triple bond are called alkynyl.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\n1-chloro-1-ethynyl-4-bromocyclohexane\r\n\r\nHere is a table with a few of the alkynyl substituents:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    Name <\/strong><\/td>\r\nMolecule <\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Ethynyl<\/td>\r\n-C\u2261CH<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    2- Propynyl<\/td>\r\n-CH2<\/sub>C\u2261CH<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    2-Butynyl<\/td>\r\n-CH3<\/sub>C\u2261CH2<\/sub>CH3<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    Rule 5<\/h4>\r\nA molecule that contains both double and triple bonds is called an alkenyne. The chain can be numbered starting with the end closest to the functional group that appears first. For example:\r\n\r\n\"\"<\/a>\r\n\r\n6-ethyl-3-methyl-1,4-nonenyne\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    Reference<\/h3>\r\n
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    1. Vollhardt, Peter, and Neil E. Schore. Organic\u00a0Chemistry:\u00a0Structure and Function<\/u>.\u00a05th Edition.\u00a0New York:\u00a0W.\u00a0H. Freeman &\u00a0Company, 2007.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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      Examples<\/h3>\r\nName or draw out the following molecules:\r\n
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      1. 4,4-dimethyl-2-pentyne<\/li>\r\n \t
      2. 4-Penten-1-yne<\/li>\r\n \t
      3. 1-ethyl-3-dimethylnonyne<\/li>\r\n \t
      4. <\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\"\"\"\"\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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        Exercises<\/h3>\r\n
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        Questions<\/h4>\r\n1.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nName the following compounds:\r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\n2.<\/b>\r\n\r\nHow many isomers are possible for C5<\/sub>H8<\/sub>? Draw them.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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        Solutions<\/h3>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"363046\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"363046\"]\r\n\r\n1.<\/strong>A \u2013 3,6-diethyl-4-octyne B \u2013 3-methyloctyne C \u2013 4-ethyl-2-heptyne D \u2013 cyclodecyne\r\n\r\n2.<\/strong>\r\n\r\n2 possible isomers\r\n\r\n\"\"[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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        Contributors<\/h3>\r\n