{"id":223,"date":"2014-07-25T20:09:54","date_gmt":"2014-07-25T20:09:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/writershandbook\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=223"},"modified":"2017-01-04T22:15:26","modified_gmt":"2017-01-04T22:15:26","slug":"1-2-posing-productive-questions","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/chapter\/1-2-posing-productive-questions\/","title":{"raw":"1.2 Posing Productive Questions","rendered":"1.2 Posing Productive Questions"},"content":{"raw":"&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\"><span class=\"im_title-prefix\">1.2<\/span> Posing Productive Questions<\/h2>\r\n<div id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_n01\" class=\"im_learning_objectives im_editable im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ol id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\r\n \t<li>Broaden your understanding of what constitutes a \u201ctext\u201d worthy of analysis or interpretation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Learn how self, text, and context interact in the process of critical inquiry.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explore whether and when seemingly unproductive questions can still produce meaning or significance.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\nIn <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/styleguide1x30master\/chapter\/1-1-examining-the-status-quo\/\">Section 1.1 \"Examining the Status Quo,\"<\/a> we examined the status quo by asking a set of mindfulness questions about a variety of topics. In this section, we\u2019ll explore other ways to open up thinking and writing through the systematic process of <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">critical inquiry<\/span><\/span>. Essentially three elements are involved in any act of questioning:\r\n<ol id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l02\" class=\"im_orderedlist im_editable im_block\">\r\n \t<li>The <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">self<\/span><\/span> doing the questioning<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">text<\/span><\/span> about which the questions are being asked<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">context<\/span><\/span> of the text being questioned<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nFor our purposes, <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">text<\/strong> should be defined here very broadly as <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">anything<\/strong> that can be subjected to analysis or interpretation, including but certainly not limited to written texts. Texts can be found everywhere, including but not limited to these areas:\r\n<ul id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l03\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\r\n \t<li>Music<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Film<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Television<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Video games<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Art and sculpture<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The Internet<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Modern technology<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Advertisement<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Public spaces and architecture<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Politics and government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe following Venn diagram is meant to suggest that relatively simple questions arise when any two out of three of these elements are implicated with each other, while the most complicated, productive questions arise when all three elements are taken into consideration.\r\n<div class=\"im_informalfigure im_large im_block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/writershandbook\/section_05\/25b33dfa7f5f93ec674d83f34c075086.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3922\/2014\/07\/sm_25b33dfa7f5f93ec674d83f34c0750861.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\nAsking the following questions about practically any kind of text will lead to a wealth of ideas, insights, and possible essay topics. As a short assignment in a journal or blog, or perhaps as a group or whole-class exercise, try out these questions by filling in the blanks with a specific text under your examination, perhaps something as common and widely known as \u201cWikipedia\u201d or \u201cFacebook\u201d or \u201cGoogle\u201d (for ideas about where to find other texts, see the first exercise at the end of this section).\r\n<div id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_n02\" class=\"im_callout im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Twenty Questions about Self, Text, and Context<\/h3>\r\nSelf-Text Questions\r\n<ul id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l04\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\r\n \t<li>What do I think about ____________?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What do I feel about ___________?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What do I understand or what puzzles me in or about ____________?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What turns me off or amuses me in or about ____________?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What is predictable or surprises me in or about ____________?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nText-Context Questions\r\n<ul id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l05\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\r\n \t<li>How is ___________ a product of its culture and historical moment?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What might be important to know about the creator of ___________?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How is ___________ affected by the genre and medium to which it belongs?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What other texts in its genre and medium does ___________ resemble?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How does ___________ distinguish itself from other texts in its genre and medium?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSelf-Context Questions\r\n<ul id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l06\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\r\n \t<li>How have I developed my aesthetic sensibility (my tastes, my likes, and my dislikes)?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How do I typically respond to absolutes or ambiguities in life or in art? Do I respond favorably to gray areas or do I like things more clear-cut?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>With what groups (ethnic, racial, religious, social, gendered, economic, nationalist, regional, etc.) do I identify?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How have my social, political, and ethical opinions been formed?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How do my attitudes toward the \u201cgreat questions\u201d (choice vs. necessity, nature vs. nurture, tradition vs. change, etc.) affect the way I look at the world?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSelf-Text-Context Questions\r\n<ul id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l07\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\r\n \t<li>How does my personal, cultural, and social background affect my understanding of ________?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What else might I need to learn about the culture, the historical moment, or the creator that produced ___________ in order to more fully understand it?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What else about the genre or medium of ___________ might I need to learn in order to understand it better?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How might ___________ look or sound different if it were produced in a different time or place?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How might ___________ look or sound different if I were viewing it from a different perspective or identification?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nWe\u2019ve been told there\u2019s no such thing as a stupid question, but to call certain questions \u201cproductive\u201d is to suggest that there\u2019s such a thing as an <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">un<\/strong>productive question. When you ask <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">rhetorical questions<\/span><\/span> to which you already know the answer or that you expect your audience to answer in a certain way, are you questioning productively? Perhaps not, in the sense of knowledge creation, but you may still be accomplishing a rhetorical purpose. And sometimes even rhetorical questions can produce knowledge. Let\u2019s say you ask your sister, \u201cHow can someone as intelligent as you are do such self-destructive things?\u201d Maybe you\u2019re merely trying to direct your sister\u2019s attention to her self-destructive behavior, but upon reflection, the question could actually trigger some productive self-examination on her part.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Hypothetical questions<\/span><\/span>, at first glance, might also seem unproductive since they are usually founded on something that hasn\u2019t happened yet and may never happen. Politicians and debaters try to steer clear of answering them but often ask them of their opponents for rhetorical effect. If we think of hypothetical questions merely as speculative ploys, we may discount their productive possibilities. But hypothetical questions asked in good faith are crucial building blocks of knowledge creation. Asking \u201cWhat if we tried something else?\u201d leads to the formation of a <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">hypothesis<\/span><\/span>, which is a theory or proposition that can be subjected to testing and experimentation.\r\n\r\nThis section has focused more on the types of genuinely interrogative questions that can lead to productive ideas for further exploration, research, and knowledge creation once you decide how you want to go public with your thinking. For more on using rhetorical and hypothetical questions as devices in your public writing, see <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/styleguide1x30master\/chapter\/chapter-4-joining-the-conversation\/\">Chapter 4 \"Joining the Conversation.\"<\/a>\r\n<div id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_n03\" class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\r\n<ul id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l08\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\r\n \t<li>At least two out of the following three elements are involved in critical inquiry: self, text, and context. When all three are involved, the richest questions arise.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Expanding your notion of what constitutes a \u201ctext\u201d will greatly enrich your possibilities for analysis and interpretation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Rhetorical or hypothetical questions, while often used in the public realm, can also perform a useful function in private, low-stakes writing, especially when they are genuinely interrogative and lead to further productive thinking.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_n04\" class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercises<\/h3>\r\n<ol id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l09\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\r\n \t<li>Use the <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Twenty Questions about Self, Text, and Context<\/strong> to develop a researched essay topic on one of the following types of <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">texts<\/strong>. Note that you are developing a topic at this point. Sketch out a plan for how you would go about finding answers to some of the questions requiring research.\r\n<ol id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l10\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\r\n \t<li>An editorial in the newspaper<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A website<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A blog<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A television show<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A music CD or video<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A film<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A video game<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A political candidate<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A building<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A painting or sculpture<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A feature of your college campus<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A short story or poem<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Perform a scavenger hunt in the world of advertising, politics, and\/or education for the next week or so to compile a list of questions. (You could draw from the <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/styleguide1x30master\/chapter\/2-1-browsing-the-gallery-of-web-based-texts\/\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Note 2.5 \"Gallery of Web-Based Texts\"<\/strong><\/a> in Chapter 2 \"Becoming a Critical Reader\" to find examples.) Label each question you find as rhetorical, hypothetical, or interrogative. If the questions are rhetorical or hypothetical, indicate whether they are still being asked in a genuinely interrogative way. Bring your examples to class for discussion or post them to your group\u2019s or class\u2019s discussion board.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Apply the <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Twenty Questions about Self, Text, and Context<\/strong> to a key concept in an introductory course in which you are currently enrolled.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\"><span class=\"im_title-prefix\">1.2<\/span> Posing Productive Questions<\/h2>\n<div id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_n01\" class=\"im_learning_objectives im_editable im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ol id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\n<li>Broaden your understanding of what constitutes a \u201ctext\u201d worthy of analysis or interpretation.<\/li>\n<li>Learn how self, text, and context interact in the process of critical inquiry.<\/li>\n<li>Explore whether and when seemingly unproductive questions can still produce meaning or significance.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/styleguide1x30master\/chapter\/1-1-examining-the-status-quo\/\">Section 1.1 &#8220;Examining the Status Quo,&#8221;<\/a> we examined the status quo by asking a set of mindfulness questions about a variety of topics. In this section, we\u2019ll explore other ways to open up thinking and writing through the systematic process of <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">critical inquiry<\/span><\/span>. Essentially three elements are involved in any act of questioning:<\/p>\n<ol id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l02\" class=\"im_orderedlist im_editable im_block\">\n<li>The <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">self<\/span><\/span> doing the questioning<\/li>\n<li>The <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">text<\/span><\/span> about which the questions are being asked<\/li>\n<li>The <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">context<\/span><\/span> of the text being questioned<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>For our purposes, <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">text<\/strong> should be defined here very broadly as <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">anything<\/strong> that can be subjected to analysis or interpretation, including but certainly not limited to written texts. Texts can be found everywhere, including but not limited to these areas:<\/p>\n<ul id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l03\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\n<li>Music<\/li>\n<li>Film<\/li>\n<li>Television<\/li>\n<li>Video games<\/li>\n<li>Art and sculpture<\/li>\n<li>The Internet<\/li>\n<li>Modern technology<\/li>\n<li>Advertisement<\/li>\n<li>Public spaces and architecture<\/li>\n<li>Politics and government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The following Venn diagram is meant to suggest that relatively simple questions arise when any two out of three of these elements are implicated with each other, while the most complicated, productive questions arise when all three elements are taken into consideration.<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_informalfigure im_large im_block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/writershandbook\/section_05\/25b33dfa7f5f93ec674d83f34c075086.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3922\/2014\/07\/sm_25b33dfa7f5f93ec674d83f34c0750861.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Asking the following questions about practically any kind of text will lead to a wealth of ideas, insights, and possible essay topics. As a short assignment in a journal or blog, or perhaps as a group or whole-class exercise, try out these questions by filling in the blanks with a specific text under your examination, perhaps something as common and widely known as \u201cWikipedia\u201d or \u201cFacebook\u201d or \u201cGoogle\u201d (for ideas about where to find other texts, see the first exercise at the end of this section).<\/p>\n<div id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_n02\" class=\"im_callout im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Twenty Questions about Self, Text, and Context<\/h3>\n<p>Self-Text Questions<\/p>\n<ul id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l04\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\n<li>What do I think about ____________?<\/li>\n<li>What do I feel about ___________?<\/li>\n<li>What do I understand or what puzzles me in or about ____________?<\/li>\n<li>What turns me off or amuses me in or about ____________?<\/li>\n<li>What is predictable or surprises me in or about ____________?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Text-Context Questions<\/p>\n<ul id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l05\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\n<li>How is ___________ a product of its culture and historical moment?<\/li>\n<li>What might be important to know about the creator of ___________?<\/li>\n<li>How is ___________ affected by the genre and medium to which it belongs?<\/li>\n<li>What other texts in its genre and medium does ___________ resemble?<\/li>\n<li>How does ___________ distinguish itself from other texts in its genre and medium?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Self-Context Questions<\/p>\n<ul id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l06\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\n<li>How have I developed my aesthetic sensibility (my tastes, my likes, and my dislikes)?<\/li>\n<li>How do I typically respond to absolutes or ambiguities in life or in art? Do I respond favorably to gray areas or do I like things more clear-cut?<\/li>\n<li>With what groups (ethnic, racial, religious, social, gendered, economic, nationalist, regional, etc.) do I identify?<\/li>\n<li>How have my social, political, and ethical opinions been formed?<\/li>\n<li>How do my attitudes toward the \u201cgreat questions\u201d (choice vs. necessity, nature vs. nurture, tradition vs. change, etc.) affect the way I look at the world?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Self-Text-Context Questions<\/p>\n<ul id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l07\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\n<li>How does my personal, cultural, and social background affect my understanding of ________?<\/li>\n<li>What else might I need to learn about the culture, the historical moment, or the creator that produced ___________ in order to more fully understand it?<\/li>\n<li>What else about the genre or medium of ___________ might I need to learn in order to understand it better?<\/li>\n<li>How might ___________ look or sound different if it were produced in a different time or place?<\/li>\n<li>How might ___________ look or sound different if I were viewing it from a different perspective or identification?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>We\u2019ve been told there\u2019s no such thing as a stupid question, but to call certain questions \u201cproductive\u201d is to suggest that there\u2019s such a thing as an <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">un<\/strong>productive question. When you ask <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">rhetorical questions<\/span><\/span> to which you already know the answer or that you expect your audience to answer in a certain way, are you questioning productively? Perhaps not, in the sense of knowledge creation, but you may still be accomplishing a rhetorical purpose. And sometimes even rhetorical questions can produce knowledge. Let\u2019s say you ask your sister, \u201cHow can someone as intelligent as you are do such self-destructive things?\u201d Maybe you\u2019re merely trying to direct your sister\u2019s attention to her self-destructive behavior, but upon reflection, the question could actually trigger some productive self-examination on her part.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Hypothetical questions<\/span><\/span>, at first glance, might also seem unproductive since they are usually founded on something that hasn\u2019t happened yet and may never happen. Politicians and debaters try to steer clear of answering them but often ask them of their opponents for rhetorical effect. If we think of hypothetical questions merely as speculative ploys, we may discount their productive possibilities. But hypothetical questions asked in good faith are crucial building blocks of knowledge creation. Asking \u201cWhat if we tried something else?\u201d leads to the formation of a <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">hypothesis<\/span><\/span>, which is a theory or proposition that can be subjected to testing and experimentation.<\/p>\n<p>This section has focused more on the types of genuinely interrogative questions that can lead to productive ideas for further exploration, research, and knowledge creation once you decide how you want to go public with your thinking. For more on using rhetorical and hypothetical questions as devices in your public writing, see <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/styleguide1x30master\/chapter\/chapter-4-joining-the-conversation\/\">Chapter 4 &#8220;Joining the Conversation.&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_n03\" class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l08\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\n<li>At least two out of the following three elements are involved in critical inquiry: self, text, and context. When all three are involved, the richest questions arise.<\/li>\n<li>Expanding your notion of what constitutes a \u201ctext\u201d will greatly enrich your possibilities for analysis and interpretation.<\/li>\n<li>Rhetorical or hypothetical questions, while often used in the public realm, can also perform a useful function in private, low-stakes writing, especially when they are genuinely interrogative and lead to further productive thinking.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_n04\" class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercises<\/h3>\n<ol id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l09\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\n<li>Use the <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Twenty Questions about Self, Text, and Context<\/strong> to develop a researched essay topic on one of the following types of <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">texts<\/strong>. Note that you are developing a topic at this point. Sketch out a plan for how you would go about finding answers to some of the questions requiring research.\n<ol id=\"mccrimmon-ch01_s02_l10\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\n<li>An editorial in the newspaper<\/li>\n<li>A website<\/li>\n<li>A blog<\/li>\n<li>A television show<\/li>\n<li>A music CD or video<\/li>\n<li>A film<\/li>\n<li>A video game<\/li>\n<li>A political candidate<\/li>\n<li>A building<\/li>\n<li>A painting or sculpture<\/li>\n<li>A feature of your college campus<\/li>\n<li>A short story or poem<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Perform a scavenger hunt in the world of advertising, politics, and\/or education for the next week or so to compile a list of questions. (You could draw from the <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/styleguide1x30master\/chapter\/2-1-browsing-the-gallery-of-web-based-texts\/\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Note 2.5 &#8220;Gallery of Web-Based Texts&#8221;<\/strong><\/a> in Chapter 2 &#8220;Becoming a Critical Reader&#8221; to find examples.) Label each question you find as rhetorical, hypothetical, or interrogative. If the questions are rhetorical or hypothetical, indicate whether they are still being asked in a genuinely interrogative way. Bring your examples to class for discussion or post them to your group\u2019s or class\u2019s discussion board.<\/li>\n<li>Apply the <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Twenty Questions about Self, Text, and Context<\/strong> to a key concept in an introductory course in which you are currently enrolled.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-223\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Writers Handbook. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/writers-handbook\/\">http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/writers-handbook\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":5,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Writers Handbook\",\"author\":\"Anonymous\",\"organization\":\"Anonymous\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/writers-handbook\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-223","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":405,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/223","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/223\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":822,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/223\/revisions\/822"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/405"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/223\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=223"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=223"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=223"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=223"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}