{"id":359,"date":"2014-07-25T20:09:58","date_gmt":"2014-07-25T20:09:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/writershandbook\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=359"},"modified":"2014-07-25T21:15:59","modified_gmt":"2014-07-25T21:15:59","slug":"18-7-incorporating-dashes-and-parentheses","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/chapter\/18-7-incorporating-dashes-and-parentheses\/","title":{"raw":"18.7 Incorporating Dashes and Parentheses","rendered":"18.7 Incorporating Dashes and Parentheses"},"content":{"raw":"&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\"><span class=\"im_title-prefix\">18.7<\/span> Incorporating Dashes and Parentheses<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"im_learning_objectives im_editable im_block\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_n01\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_l01\">\r\n\t<li>Learn the various uses for dashes.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Learn the various uses for parentheses.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Learn how to punctuate dashes and parentheses.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\nDashes and parentheses are both used to give more importance to a word or group of words. The information enclosed by dashes and parentheses often supports the information directly before or after it.\r\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s01\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Using Dashes<\/h2>\r\nDashes separate emphasis-adding text from the rest of the words in a sentence. You can use one long dash to set apart text at the end of a sentence. You can use dashes before and after the text to set it apart in the middle of a sentence. Here are some uses for dashes:\r\n<ul class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s01_l01\">\r\n\t<li>Creating a sudden change in tone, thought, or ideas\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Example:<\/strong> We had predicted that the storm would come soon<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">\u2014<\/strong>but not this soon!<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Suggesting hesitation in dialogue\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Example:<\/strong> The old lady said to the man working the register, \u201cI\u2019ve got an extra nickel for the little girl\u2019s candy<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">\u2014<\/strong>that is, if she\u2019ll take it.\u201d<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Providing a summary, an explanation, or an example\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Example:<\/strong> The book, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">To Kill a Mockingbird<\/em>, is narrated by Scout Finch<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">\u2014<\/strong>a character who has much in common with the tomboy childhood of the author, Harper Lee.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s02\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Using Parentheses<\/h2>\r\nParentheses allow you to interrupt the flow of your text to give additional information. They can be used in the middle of a sentence or at the end. Some uses of parentheses include the following:\r\n<ul class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s02_l01\">\r\n\t<li>Enclosing numbers in an in-text list.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Example:<\/strong> My mother asked me to stop on the way to visit and pick a few things up at the store: <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">(<\/strong>1<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">)<\/strong> a half gallon of milk, <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">(<\/strong>2<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">)<\/strong> a dozen eggs, and <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">(<\/strong>3<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">)<\/strong> a loaf of bread.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Setting apart citation components in in-text references and in reference lists.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Example:<\/strong> \u201cYou never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view\u2014until you climb into his skin and walk around in it\u201d <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">(<\/strong>Lee, p. 34<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">)<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Separating nonessential but helpful information.\r\n\r\n<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Example:<\/strong> My dog <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">(<\/strong>some sort of a terrier-spaniel mix<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">)<\/strong> has a unique personality.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSpecific rules guide using punctuation with parentheses. End punctuation can be placed inside parentheses if the content of the parentheses is a complete sentence. If the content inside the parentheses is part of a larger sentence, the end punctuation should go outside the parentheses. If a comma is needed, it should always be placed outside the closing parenthesis. A comma should not be used immediately before an opening parenthesis, except in the case of in-text lists (e.g., \u201cWe need to (1) go to the bank, (2) buy some cereal at the store, (3) pick up the tickets, and (4) get to the party by 7:00 p.m.\u201d\r\n<div class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s02_n01\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\r\n<ul class=\"im_itemizedlist\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s02_l02\">\r\n\t<li>You can use dashes to create a sudden change in tone; mark hesitation in speech; or provide a summary, an explanation, or an example.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>You can use parentheses to number items in an in-text list, enclose citation components in in-text references and in reference lists, or separate nonessential but helpful information from the rest of the sentence.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s02_n02\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercises<\/h3>\r\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s02_l03\">\r\n\t<li>Write a sentence that uses a dash to show a change in tone.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Write a sentence that uses a dash to show hesitation in dialogue.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Write a sentence that uses a dash to provide an example.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Write a sentence that uses parentheses to enclose numbers in an in-text list.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Write a sentence that uses parentheses to set apart citation components.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Write a sentence that uses parentheses to separate nonessential but helpful information.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\"><span class=\"im_title-prefix\">18.7<\/span> Incorporating Dashes and Parentheses<\/h2>\n<div class=\"im_learning_objectives im_editable im_block\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_n01\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_l01\">\n<li>Learn the various uses for dashes.<\/li>\n<li>Learn the various uses for parentheses.<\/li>\n<li>Learn how to punctuate dashes and parentheses.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>Dashes and parentheses are both used to give more importance to a word or group of words. The information enclosed by dashes and parentheses often supports the information directly before or after it.<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s01\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Using Dashes<\/h2>\n<p>Dashes separate emphasis-adding text from the rest of the words in a sentence. You can use one long dash to set apart text at the end of a sentence. You can use dashes before and after the text to set it apart in the middle of a sentence. Here are some uses for dashes:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s01_l01\">\n<li>Creating a sudden change in tone, thought, or ideas\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Example:<\/strong> We had predicted that the storm would come soon<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">\u2014<\/strong>but not this soon!<\/li>\n<li>Suggesting hesitation in dialogue\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Example:<\/strong> The old lady said to the man working the register, \u201cI\u2019ve got an extra nickel for the little girl\u2019s candy<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">\u2014<\/strong>that is, if she\u2019ll take it.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Providing a summary, an explanation, or an example\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Example:<\/strong> The book, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">To Kill a Mockingbird<\/em>, is narrated by Scout Finch<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">\u2014<\/strong>a character who has much in common with the tomboy childhood of the author, Harper Lee.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_section\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s02\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Using Parentheses<\/h2>\n<p>Parentheses allow you to interrupt the flow of your text to give additional information. They can be used in the middle of a sentence or at the end. Some uses of parentheses include the following:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s02_l01\">\n<li>Enclosing numbers in an in-text list.\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Example:<\/strong> My mother asked me to stop on the way to visit and pick a few things up at the store: <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">(<\/strong>1<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">)<\/strong> a half gallon of milk, <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">(<\/strong>2<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">)<\/strong> a dozen eggs, and <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">(<\/strong>3<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">)<\/strong> a loaf of bread.<\/li>\n<li>Setting apart citation components in in-text references and in reference lists.\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Example:<\/strong> \u201cYou never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view\u2014until you climb into his skin and walk around in it\u201d <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">(<\/strong>Lee, p. 34<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Separating nonessential but helpful information.\n<p><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Example:<\/strong> My dog <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">(<\/strong>some sort of a terrier-spaniel mix<strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">)<\/strong> has a unique personality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Specific rules guide using punctuation with parentheses. End punctuation can be placed inside parentheses if the content of the parentheses is a complete sentence. If the content inside the parentheses is part of a larger sentence, the end punctuation should go outside the parentheses. If a comma is needed, it should always be placed outside the closing parenthesis. A comma should not be used immediately before an opening parenthesis, except in the case of in-text lists (e.g., \u201cWe need to (1) go to the bank, (2) buy some cereal at the store, (3) pick up the tickets, and (4) get to the party by 7:00 p.m.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s02_n01\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"im_itemizedlist\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s02_l02\">\n<li>You can use dashes to create a sudden change in tone; mark hesitation in speech; or provide a summary, an explanation, or an example.<\/li>\n<li>You can use parentheses to number items in an in-text list, enclose citation components in in-text references and in reference lists, or separate nonessential but helpful information from the rest of the sentence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s02_n02\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercises<\/h3>\n<ol class=\"im_orderedlist\" id=\"mccrimmon-ch18_s07_s02_l03\">\n<li>Write a sentence that uses a dash to show a change in tone.<\/li>\n<li>Write a sentence that uses a dash to show hesitation in dialogue.<\/li>\n<li>Write a sentence that uses a dash to provide an example.<\/li>\n<li>Write a sentence that uses parentheses to enclose numbers in an in-text list.<\/li>\n<li>Write a sentence that uses parentheses to set apart citation components.<\/li>\n<li>Write a sentence that uses parentheses to separate nonessential but helpful information.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-359\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Writers Handbook. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/writers-handbook\/\">http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/writers-handbook\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":5,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Writers Handbook\",\"author\":\"Anonymous\",\"organization\":\"Anonymous\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/writers-handbook\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-359","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":422,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/359","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/359\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":656,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/359\/revisions\/656"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/422"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/359\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=359"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=359"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=359"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}