{"id":383,"date":"2014-07-25T20:09:59","date_gmt":"2014-07-25T20:09:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/writershandbook\/?post_type=chapter&p=383"},"modified":"2014-07-25T21:19:33","modified_gmt":"2014-07-25T21:19:33","slug":"21-8-modal-auxiliary-verbs","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/chapter\/21-8-modal-auxiliary-verbs\/","title":{"raw":"21.8 Modal Auxiliary Verbs","rendered":"21.8 Modal Auxiliary Verbs"},"content":{"raw":" \r\n
\r\n

21.8<\/span> Modal Auxiliary Verbs<\/h2>\r\n
\r\n\r\nFigure 21.3<\/span>\r\n\r\n\"\"<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe English language includes nine main modal auxiliary verbs that are used with other verbs. These modals, shown in the wheel in four pairs and a single, can refer to past, present, or future tense based on the verbs that are used with them. The modals themselves do not change form to change tense. As shown in the following table, you can use modals to express an attitude in regard to the action or general situation of the sentence.\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Modal Function<\/th>\r\nFormat for Present or Future Tense<\/th>\r\nFormat for Past Tense<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
Advisability<\/td>\r\nshould<\/em> or ought to<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\r\nshould<\/em> or ought to<\/em> + have<\/em> + past participle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
You should take<\/em> the time to visit Yellowstone.<\/td>\r\nYou ought to have taken<\/em> the time to visit Yellowstone.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Capability<\/td>\r\ncan<\/em>, am able to<\/em>, is able to<\/em>, or are able to<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\r\ncould<\/em>, was able to<\/em>, were able to<\/em> + base verb or past participle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Aisha can tell<\/em> you who was at the party.<\/td>\r\nSaul was able to walk<\/em> on the beam without falling off.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Deduction<\/td>\r\nmust<\/em>, has to<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\r\nmust<\/em> + have<\/em> + past participle<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Hank must know<\/em> Spanish and French.<\/td>\r\nLucy must have driven<\/em> through the night.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Forbiddance<\/td>\r\nmust<\/em> + not + base verb<\/td>\r\nN\/A<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
You must not take<\/em> his food.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Expectation<\/td>\r\nshould<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\r\nshould<\/em> + have + past participle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
The sun should set<\/em> about 7:15 today.<\/td>\r\nThe boys should have finished<\/em> their ball game by now.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Intention<\/td>\r\nwill<\/em> or shall<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\r\nwould<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
I will meet<\/em> you at the theater.<\/td>\r\nI said I would finish<\/em> sometime today.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Necessity<\/td>\r\nmust<\/em> or have to<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\r\nhad to<\/em>+ base verb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
I must finish<\/em> cleaning before they arrive.<\/td>\r\nGreg had to get<\/em> gas before we started the trip.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Past habit<\/td>\r\nN\/A<\/td>\r\nwould<\/em> or used to<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
When I worked there, I used to eat<\/em> at Marvy\u2019s every day.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Permission request<\/td>\r\ncan<\/em>, could<\/em>, may<\/em>, or might<\/em> + base verb (in question format)<\/td>\r\nmight<\/em> or could<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Could<\/em> I go<\/em> with you?<\/td>\r\nMy parents said I could use<\/em> their car next week.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Polite request<\/td>\r\ncould<\/em> or would<\/em> + base verb (in question format)<\/td>\r\nN\/A<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Would<\/em> you please hand<\/em> me page 45?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Possibility\/uncertainty<\/td>\r\nmay<\/em> or might<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\r\nmight<\/em> + have<\/em> + past participle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Alice might be<\/em> at work by 6:00 a.m.<\/td>\r\nI don\u2019t remember, but I might have been<\/em> the one sitting next to him that night.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Speculation<\/td>\r\ncould<\/em>, might<\/em>, or would<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\r\ncould<\/em>, might<\/em>, or would<\/em> + have<\/em> + past participle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
If he conditions enough, he could win<\/em> his race.<\/td>\r\nThere could have been<\/em> some real money in that deal we almost made.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n ","rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\n

21.8<\/span> Modal Auxiliary Verbs<\/h2>\n
\n

Figure 21.3<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

The English language includes nine main modal auxiliary verbs that are used with other verbs. These modals, shown in the wheel in four pairs and a single, can refer to past, present, or future tense based on the verbs that are used with them. The modals themselves do not change form to change tense. As shown in the following table, you can use modals to express an attitude in regard to the action or general situation of the sentence.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Modal Function<\/th>\nFormat for Present or Future Tense<\/th>\nFormat for Past Tense<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Advisability<\/td>\nshould<\/em> or ought to<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\nshould<\/em> or ought to<\/em> + have<\/em> + past participle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
You should take<\/em> the time to visit Yellowstone.<\/td>\nYou ought to have taken<\/em> the time to visit Yellowstone.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Capability<\/td>\ncan<\/em>, am able to<\/em>, is able to<\/em>, or are able to<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\ncould<\/em>, was able to<\/em>, were able to<\/em> + base verb or past participle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aisha can tell<\/em> you who was at the party.<\/td>\nSaul was able to walk<\/em> on the beam without falling off.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Deduction<\/td>\nmust<\/em>, has to<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\nmust<\/em> + have<\/em> + past participle<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hank must know<\/em> Spanish and French.<\/td>\nLucy must have driven<\/em> through the night.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Forbiddance<\/td>\nmust<\/em> + not + base verb<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
You must not take<\/em> his food.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Expectation<\/td>\nshould<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\nshould<\/em> + have + past participle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The sun should set<\/em> about 7:15 today.<\/td>\nThe boys should have finished<\/em> their ball game by now.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Intention<\/td>\nwill<\/em> or shall<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\nwould<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I will meet<\/em> you at the theater.<\/td>\nI said I would finish<\/em> sometime today.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Necessity<\/td>\nmust<\/em> or have to<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\nhad to<\/em>+ base verb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I must finish<\/em> cleaning before they arrive.<\/td>\nGreg had to get<\/em> gas before we started the trip.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Past habit<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\nwould<\/em> or used to<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
When I worked there, I used to eat<\/em> at Marvy\u2019s every day.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Permission request<\/td>\ncan<\/em>, could<\/em>, may<\/em>, or might<\/em> + base verb (in question format)<\/td>\nmight<\/em> or could<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Could<\/em> I go<\/em> with you?<\/td>\nMy parents said I could use<\/em> their car next week.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polite request<\/td>\ncould<\/em> or would<\/em> + base verb (in question format)<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Would<\/em> you please hand<\/em> me page 45?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Possibility\/uncertainty<\/td>\nmay<\/em> or might<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\nmight<\/em> + have<\/em> + past participle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alice might be<\/em> at work by 6:00 a.m.<\/td>\nI don\u2019t remember, but I might have been<\/em> the one sitting next to him that night.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Speculation<\/td>\ncould<\/em>, might<\/em>, or would<\/em> + base verb<\/td>\ncould<\/em>, might<\/em>, or would<\/em> + have<\/em> + past participle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
If he conditions enough, he could win<\/em> his race.<\/td>\nThere could have been<\/em> some real money in that deal we almost made.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>