{"id":390,"date":"2014-07-25T20:10:00","date_gmt":"2014-07-25T20:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/writershandbook\/?post_type=chapter&p=390"},"modified":"2014-07-25T21:20:35","modified_gmt":"2014-07-25T21:20:35","slug":"21-15-clauses-and-phrases","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-styleguide\/chapter\/21-15-clauses-and-phrases\/","title":{"raw":"21.15 Clauses and Phrases","rendered":"21.15 Clauses and Phrases"},"content":{"raw":" \r\n
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21.15<\/span> Clauses and Phrases<\/h2>\r\nClauses include both subjects and verbs that work together as a single unit. When they form stand-alone sentences, they\u2019re called independent clauses. An independent clause can stand alone or can be used with other clauses and phrases. A dependent clause also includes both a subject and a verb, but it must combine with an independent clause to form a complete sentence.\r\n
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Types of Dependent Clauses<\/th>\r\nDescriptions<\/th>\r\nExamples<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
Adverb clause<\/td>\r\nServes as an adverb; tells when, how, why, where, under what condition, to what degree, how often, or how much<\/td>\r\nTo avoid sunburn<\/strong>, she plastered her body with sunscreen.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Noun clause<\/td>\r\nServes as a noun when attached to a verb<\/td>\r\nThat she would win the race<\/strong> seemed quite likely.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
She thought that she would win the race<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Adjective clause (also called a relative clause)<\/td>\r\nBegins with a relative pronoun (that<\/em>, who<\/em>, whom<\/em>, whose<\/em>, which<\/em>) or a relative adverb (when<\/em>, where<\/em>, why<\/em>); functions as an adjective; attaches to a noun; has both a subject and a verb; tells what kind, how many, or which one<\/td>\r\nThe day that he lost his watch<\/strong> was an unlucky day.*<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
The house where they lived<\/strong> is gone.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Appositive clause<\/td>\r\nFunctions as an appositive by restating a noun or noun-related verb in clause form; begins with that<\/em>; typical nouns involved include possibilities such as assumption, belief, conviction, idea, knowledge, and theory<\/td>\r\nThe idea that Josie will someday be taller than me<\/strong> is crazy.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n
*In some instances, the relative pronoun or adverb can be implied (e.g., \u201cThe day he lost his watch<\/strong> was an unlucky day\u201d).<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tfoot>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nPhrases are groups of words that work together as a single unit but do not have a subject or a verb. English includes five basic kinds of phrases.\r\n
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Types of Phrases<\/th>\r\nDescriptions<\/th>\r\nExamples<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
Noun phrase<\/td>\r\nMultiple words serving as a noun<\/td>\r\nDarcy ate a ham sandwich<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Verb phrase<\/td>\r\nUsed as the verb in sentences that are in the progressive and perfect tenses<\/td>\r\nThe class should have started<\/strong> a half-hour earlier.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Prepositional phrase<\/td>\r\nBegins with a preposition (covered in more depth in Section 21.9 \"Gerunds and Infinitives\")<\/td>\r\nWork will be easier after the holiday rush<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Adjective phrase<\/td>\r\nFunctions as an adjective; might include prepositional phrases and\/or nouns<\/td>\r\nMy brother is very tall and handsome<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Adverb phrase<\/td>\r\nFunctions as an adverb; might include prepositional phrases and\/or multiple adverbs<\/td>\r\nLet\u2019s go walking after dinner<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ignacia walked wearily and unsteadily<\/strong>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n ","rendered":"

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21.15<\/span> Clauses and Phrases<\/h2>\n

Clauses include both subjects and verbs that work together as a single unit. When they form stand-alone sentences, they\u2019re called independent clauses. An independent clause can stand alone or can be used with other clauses and phrases. A dependent clause also includes both a subject and a verb, but it must combine with an independent clause to form a complete sentence.<\/p>\n

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Types of Dependent Clauses<\/th>\nDescriptions<\/th>\nExamples<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Adverb clause<\/td>\nServes as an adverb; tells when, how, why, where, under what condition, to what degree, how often, or how much<\/td>\nTo avoid sunburn<\/strong>, she plastered her body with sunscreen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Noun clause<\/td>\nServes as a noun when attached to a verb<\/td>\nThat she would win the race<\/strong> seemed quite likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
She thought that she would win the race<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adjective clause (also called a relative clause)<\/td>\nBegins with a relative pronoun (that<\/em>, who<\/em>, whom<\/em>, whose<\/em>, which<\/em>) or a relative adverb (when<\/em>, where<\/em>, why<\/em>); functions as an adjective; attaches to a noun; has both a subject and a verb; tells what kind, how many, or which one<\/td>\nThe day that he lost his watch<\/strong> was an unlucky day.*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The house where they lived<\/strong> is gone.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Appositive clause<\/td>\nFunctions as an appositive by restating a noun or noun-related verb in clause form; begins with that<\/em>; typical nouns involved include possibilities such as assumption, belief, conviction, idea, knowledge, and theory<\/td>\nThe idea that Josie will someday be taller than me<\/strong> is crazy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n
*In some instances, the relative pronoun or adverb can be implied (e.g., \u201cThe day he lost his watch<\/strong> was an unlucky day\u201d).<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tfoot>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Phrases are groups of words that work together as a single unit but do not have a subject or a verb. English includes five basic kinds of phrases.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Types of Phrases<\/th>\nDescriptions<\/th>\nExamples<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Noun phrase<\/td>\nMultiple words serving as a noun<\/td>\nDarcy ate a ham sandwich<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Verb phrase<\/td>\nUsed as the verb in sentences that are in the progressive and perfect tenses<\/td>\nThe class should have started<\/strong> a half-hour earlier.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Prepositional phrase<\/td>\nBegins with a preposition (covered in more depth in Section 21.9 “Gerunds and Infinitives”)<\/td>\nWork will be easier after the holiday rush<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adjective phrase<\/td>\nFunctions as an adjective; might include prepositional phrases and\/or nouns<\/td>\nMy brother is very tall and handsome<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adverb phrase<\/td>\nFunctions as an adverb; might include prepositional phrases and\/or multiple adverbs<\/td>\nLet\u2019s go walking after dinner<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ignacia walked wearily and unsteadily<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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