{"id":176,"date":"2015-08-21T18:07:01","date_gmt":"2015-08-21T18:07:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/ushistory2os2xmaster\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=176"},"modified":"2015-08-21T18:07:01","modified_gmt":"2015-08-21T18:07:01","slug":"introduction-11","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-mcc-ushistory2os2xmaster\/chapter\/introduction-11\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction","rendered":"Introduction"},"content":{"raw":"<figure id=\"CNX_History_22_00_Roughrider\" class=\"splash\">\n\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"422\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/884\/2015\/08\/23202955\/CNX_History_22_00_Roughrider.jpg\" alt=\"A poster is titled, &#x201C;William H. West&#x2019;s Big Minstrel Jubilee.&#x201D; A label at the bottom reads &#x201C;The Charge of San Juan Hill. Wm. H. West Impersonating Col. Roosevelt, Leading the Famous &#x2018;Rough Riders&#x2019; to Victory.&#x201D; An illustration shows a mounted Roosevelt leading a charge of Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War.\" width=\"422\" height=\"326\" data-media-type=\"image\/jpeg\"\/> This poster advertises a minstrel show wherein an actor playing Theodore Roosevelt reenacts his leadership of the Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War and illustrates the American public\u2019s zeal for tales of American expansionist glory.[\/caption]\n\n<\/figure><p id=\"fs-idp542917344\">As he approached the rostrum to speak before historians gathered in Chicago in 1893, Frederick Jackson Turner appeared nervous. He was presenting a conclusion that would alarm all who believed that westward expansion had fostered the nation\u2019s principles of democracy. His conclusion: The frontier\u2014the encounter between European traditions and the native wilderness\u2014had played a fundamental role in shaping American character, but the American frontier no longer existed. Turner\u2019s statement raised questions. How would Americans maintain their unique political culture and innovative spirit in the absence of the frontier? How would the nation expand its economy if it could no longer expand its territory?<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idp269606592\">Later historians would see Turner\u2019s Frontier Thesis as deeply flawed, a gross mischaracterization of the West. But the young historian\u2019s work greatly influenced politicians and thinkers of the day. Like a muckraker, Turner exposed the problem; others found a solution by seeking out new frontiers in the creation of an American empire. The above advertisement for a theater reenactment of the Spanish-American War\u00a0shows the American appetite for expansion. Many Americans felt that it was time for their nation to offer its own brand of international leadership and dominance as an alternative to the land-grabbing empires of Europe.<\/p>\n\u00a0","rendered":"<figure id=\"CNX_History_22_00_Roughrider\" class=\"splash\">\n<div style=\"width: 432px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/884\/2015\/08\/23202955\/CNX_History_22_00_Roughrider.jpg\" alt=\"A poster is titled, &#x201c;William H. West&#x2019;s Big Minstrel Jubilee.&#x201d; A label at the bottom reads &#x201c;The Charge of San Juan Hill. Wm. H. West Impersonating Col. Roosevelt, Leading the Famous &#x2018;Rough Riders&#x2019; to Victory.&#x201d; An illustration shows a mounted Roosevelt leading a charge of Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War.\" width=\"422\" height=\"326\" data-media-type=\"image\/jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">This poster advertises a minstrel show wherein an actor playing Theodore Roosevelt reenacts his leadership of the Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War and illustrates the American public\u2019s zeal for tales of American expansionist glory.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p id=\"fs-idp542917344\">As he approached the rostrum to speak before historians gathered in Chicago in 1893, Frederick Jackson Turner appeared nervous. He was presenting a conclusion that would alarm all who believed that westward expansion had fostered the nation\u2019s principles of democracy. His conclusion: The frontier\u2014the encounter between European traditions and the native wilderness\u2014had played a fundamental role in shaping American character, but the American frontier no longer existed. Turner\u2019s statement raised questions. How would Americans maintain their unique political culture and innovative spirit in the absence of the frontier? How would the nation expand its economy if it could no longer expand its territory?<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idp269606592\">Later historians would see Turner\u2019s Frontier Thesis as deeply flawed, a gross mischaracterization of the West. But the young historian\u2019s work greatly influenced politicians and thinkers of the day. Like a muckraker, Turner exposed the problem; others found a solution by seeking out new frontiers in the creation of an American empire. The above advertisement for a theater reenactment of the Spanish-American War\u00a0shows the American appetite for expansion. Many Americans felt that it was time for their nation to offer its own brand of international leadership and dominance as an alternative to the land-grabbing empires of Europe.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-176\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>US History. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: P. Scott Corbett, Volker  Janssen, John M. Lund,  Todd Pfannestiel, Paul Vickery, and Sylvie Waskiewicz. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/openstaxcollege.org\/textbooks\/us-history\">http:\/\/openstaxcollege.org\/textbooks\/us-history<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/content\/col11740\/latest\/<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":969,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"US History\",\"author\":\"P. Scott Corbett, Volker  Janssen, John M. 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