{"id":85,"date":"2018-12-19T14:33:14","date_gmt":"2018-12-19T14:33:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-microbio-labexperience\/back-matter\/appendix-a\/"},"modified":"2018-12-19T14:33:14","modified_gmt":"2018-12-19T14:33:14","slug":"appendix-a","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-microbio-labexperience\/back-matter\/appendix-a\/","title":{"raw":"Appendix A","rendered":"Appendix A"},"content":{"raw":"\n<div class=\"__UNKNOWN__\">\n<h2>Equipment, Supplies, and Cultures<\/h2>\n<p>The following is a list of equipment, supplies, cultures, and media needed to support this laboratory experience. Specific bacteria may be replaced with other cultures according to individual lab preferences or requirements. Amounts are not provided, because numbers will vary by section size. Best outcomes will be achieved if students work alone for labs in which new skills are introduced.<\/p>\n<h3>General Lab Equipment<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Microscopes and immersion oil<\/li>\n<li>Bunsen burners or sterilizers<\/li>\n<li>Inoculating loops and needles (metal or sterile disposable plastic)<\/li>\n<li>Metal forceps<\/li>\n<li>Pipette pumps<\/li>\n<li>Incubators set for body temperature and room temperature incubation<\/li>\n<li>Biohazard disposal container(s)<\/li>\n<li>Autoclave<\/li>\n<li>Refrigerator<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Maintained Stock of Laboratory Supplies<\/h3>\n<p>The following should be readily available to students during lab and open lab times:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Glass slides<\/li>\n<li>Clear plastic flexible laboratory metric rulers<\/li>\n<li>Kimwipes and\/or lens paper<\/li>\n<li>Sterile 10 ml glass pipettes<\/li>\n<li>Sterile swabs<\/li>\n<li>Sterile wood applicator sticks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Replaced and refilled as needed each week:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Staining \u201ckits,\u201d each kit containing stains in dropper bottles for Gram and Endospore staining procedures (Crystal violet, Gram\u2019s iodine, 95% ethanol, Safranin, and Malachite Green)<\/li>\n<li>Spray bottles with laboratory disinfectant<\/li>\n<li>70% ethanol for disinfecting forceps and spreaders, with beakers<\/li>\n<li>4\u20136 racks (160\u2013240 tubes) of sterile glass culture tubes, empty<\/li>\n<li>2 racks (80 tubes) of tubes with sterile distilled water for making smears<\/li>\n<li>2 sleeves (80 plates) of TSA plates<\/li>\n<li>1 rack (40 tubes) of TSA slants<\/li>\n<li>2 bottles (100 ml) of TSB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The recommended nonselective growth medium for routine culture is Tryptic Soy (TS), but other types could easily be substituted.<\/p>\n<h3>Lab 1: Biosafety Practices and Procedures<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Principles of Biosafety Evaluation and Student Affirmation form to assess understanding and document biosafety training.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 2: The Microscopic World<\/h3>\n<p>Prepared slides (purchased, stained and mounted):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rectal (or fecal) smear (Gram stain)<\/li>\n<li>Mouth smear (Gram stain)<\/li>\n<li>Yogurt smear (Gram stained)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Yogurt, store bought, any brand<\/li>\n<li>Yogurt, freshly made (prepared within a week of lab)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To make yogurt: Combine a large spoonful of yogurt (or a starter culture such as YoGourmet) with steamed milk in a glass pint canning jar with a lid. Stir vigorously to mix, then incubate at 38\u201340\u00b0C overnight. Refrigerate when milk has thickened into yogurt.<\/p>\n<h3>Lab 3: Bacteriological Culture Methods<\/h3>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overnight plate cultures of <i>Micrococcus luteus<\/i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Overnight broth culture containing two bacteria<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For broth cultures: Grow broth cultures of bacteria separately, combine in one tube right before the lab begins.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>For BSL-1 only: <i>M. luteus<\/i>, <i>Micrococcus roseus<\/i> in equal proportions<\/li>\n<li>For BSL-2: any combination of bacteria. Try to use bacteria which grow at a similar rate, or proportions added to the mixed culture can be adjusted to account for growth rate (for example, 2x as much Gram-positive to Gram-negative ratio)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Culture Media:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tryptic Soy Broth (or other nonselective general growth medium) in bottles<\/li>\n<li>Tryptic Soy Agar plates<\/li>\n<li>Tryptic Soy Agar slants in culture tubes<\/li>\n<li>Tryptic Soy deeps in culture tubes (semisolid agar: use 3.5 g agar per liter TSB)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 4: The Environmental Isolate Project<\/h3>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bacteria cultured from skin and isolated in pure culture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Culture media (available in lab for the duration of the project):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TSA plates and TSA slants for primary culture and pure culture maintenance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The media necessary to identify the genus and species of the isolated bacteria will vary each week. See media requirements and supplies for Growth Characteristics and Food Safety labs.<\/p>\n<h3>Lab 5: Differential Staining Techniques<\/h3>\n<p>Prepared slides (purchased already stained and mounted):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Flavobacterium capsulatum<\/i>, capsule stained (or other capsule-stained smear)<\/li>\n<li><i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae<\/i>, methylene blue stain (or other stain for metachromatic granules)<\/li>\n<li><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>, acid-fast stain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overnight TSA plate cultures of a Gram-positive bacterium and a Gram-negative bacterium (suggested are <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> and <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li>Overnight TSA plate cultures of two species of <i>Bacillus<\/i>, each with a different endospore appearance: suggested are <i>B. subtilis<\/i> OR <i>B. cereus<\/i> (with oval, central endospores) AND <i>B. sphaericus<\/i> OR B. <i>globisporus <\/i>(with spherical, terminal endospores)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 7: Metabolism, Physiology, and Growth Characteristics of Cocci<\/h3>\n<p>Prepared slides (purchased, stained and mounted):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>, Gram stain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overnight TSA plate cultures of <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>, <i>S. epidermidis<\/i>, and <i>S. saprophyticus<\/i>, <i>Micrococcus luteus<\/i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i>, <i>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Media and Test Reagents:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nitrate broth, in bottles<\/li>\n<li>Nitrate reagents A and B, stored at 4\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>Urease broth, in bottles<\/li>\n<li>Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar slants<\/li>\n<li>Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) plates<\/li>\n<li>Blood Agar Plates (BAP)<\/li>\n<li>Bile Esculin (BE) agar plates<\/li>\n<li>3% hydrogen peroxide in dropper bottles (for catalase test)<\/li>\n<li>DrySlide Oxidase test cards (for oxidase test)<\/li>\n<li>Staphaurex (or other coagulase test kit) cards and reagent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 8: Metabolism, Physiology, and Growth Characteristics of Bacilli<\/h3>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overnight TSA plate cultures of a <i>Bacillus<\/i> spp., <i>Corynebacterium xerosis<\/i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>, <i>Escherichia <\/i>coli, a <i>Salmonella<\/i> spp., <i>Citrobacter freundii<\/i>, <i>Enterobacter aerogenes<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Media and Test Reagents:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nitrate broth, in bottles<\/li>\n<li>Nitrate reagents A and B, stored at 4\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>MR-VP broth, in bottles<\/li>\n<li>Methyl Red reagent, and VP (Barritt\u2019s) reagents A and B, stored at 4\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar slants<\/li>\n<li>Sulfide-Indole-Motility (SIM) agar stabs<\/li>\n<li>Indole (Kovac\u2019s) reagent, stored at 4\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>Simmon\u2019s Citrate Agar plates or slants<\/li>\n<li>3% hydrogen peroxide in dropper bottles (for catalase test)<\/li>\n<li>DrySlide Oxidase test cards (for oxidase test)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 9: Microbiological Food Safety<\/h3>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A selection of food items, such as ground beef, bagged lettuce, eggs, chicken, etc. (which may be \u201cspiked\u201d with bacteria). Students may be encouraged to include items of interest that they transport to lab with them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Media and Test Reagents:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Plastic disposable culture tubes with caps (to facilitate cleanup and disposal)<\/li>\n<li>Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) in bottles<\/li>\n<li>MacConkey Agar (MAC) plates<\/li>\n<li>Sorbitol-MacConkey Agar (SMAC) plates<\/li>\n<li>Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) plates<\/li>\n<li>TSI agar slants<\/li>\n<li>Staphaurex (or other coagulase test kit) cards and reagent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 10: Germ Warfare<\/h3>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overnight TSA plate cultures of <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>, <i>S. saprophyticus<\/i>, <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Media and other supplies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>0.85% saline, sterile, in bottles<\/li>\n<li>0.5 McFarland turbidity standards<\/li>\n<li>Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) plates<\/li>\n<li>Antibiotic disks with: novobiocin, cefixime, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline<\/li>\n<li>Sterile blank filter paper disks<\/li>\n<li>Samples of a variety of known and potential disinfectants and antiseptics, such as a commercial home product, hand sanitizer, antibacterial dish soap, mouthwash, products made with essential oils, honey, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 11: Epidemiology and Public Health<\/h3>\n<p>Supplies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Calculators<\/li>\n<li>Access to the internet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 12: Blood: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly<\/h3>\n<p>Prepared slides and other supplies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Wrights-Giemsa stained blood smears (no pathology)<\/li>\n<li>Wrights-Giemsa or Giemsa stained blood smears of <i>Anaplasma<\/i> spp., <i>Babesia<\/i> spp., and <i>Dirofilaria<\/i> (microfilarial form)<\/li>\n<li>Blood cell counters (optional)<\/li>\n<li>Sure-Vue Mono Test kit (or other commercial test kit for Infectious Mononucleosis)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n","rendered":"<div class=\"__UNKNOWN__\">\n<h2>Equipment, Supplies, and Cultures<\/h2>\n<p>The following is a list of equipment, supplies, cultures, and media needed to support this laboratory experience. Specific bacteria may be replaced with other cultures according to individual lab preferences or requirements. Amounts are not provided, because numbers will vary by section size. Best outcomes will be achieved if students work alone for labs in which new skills are introduced.<\/p>\n<h3>General Lab Equipment<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Microscopes and immersion oil<\/li>\n<li>Bunsen burners or sterilizers<\/li>\n<li>Inoculating loops and needles (metal or sterile disposable plastic)<\/li>\n<li>Metal forceps<\/li>\n<li>Pipette pumps<\/li>\n<li>Incubators set for body temperature and room temperature incubation<\/li>\n<li>Biohazard disposal container(s)<\/li>\n<li>Autoclave<\/li>\n<li>Refrigerator<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Maintained Stock of Laboratory Supplies<\/h3>\n<p>The following should be readily available to students during lab and open lab times:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Glass slides<\/li>\n<li>Clear plastic flexible laboratory metric rulers<\/li>\n<li>Kimwipes and\/or lens paper<\/li>\n<li>Sterile 10 ml glass pipettes<\/li>\n<li>Sterile swabs<\/li>\n<li>Sterile wood applicator sticks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Replaced and refilled as needed each week:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Staining \u201ckits,\u201d each kit containing stains in dropper bottles for Gram and Endospore staining procedures (Crystal violet, Gram\u2019s iodine, 95% ethanol, Safranin, and Malachite Green)<\/li>\n<li>Spray bottles with laboratory disinfectant<\/li>\n<li>70% ethanol for disinfecting forceps and spreaders, with beakers<\/li>\n<li>4\u20136 racks (160\u2013240 tubes) of sterile glass culture tubes, empty<\/li>\n<li>2 racks (80 tubes) of tubes with sterile distilled water for making smears<\/li>\n<li>2 sleeves (80 plates) of TSA plates<\/li>\n<li>1 rack (40 tubes) of TSA slants<\/li>\n<li>2 bottles (100 ml) of TSB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The recommended nonselective growth medium for routine culture is Tryptic Soy (TS), but other types could easily be substituted.<\/p>\n<h3>Lab 1: Biosafety Practices and Procedures<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Principles of Biosafety Evaluation and Student Affirmation form to assess understanding and document biosafety training.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 2: The Microscopic World<\/h3>\n<p>Prepared slides (purchased, stained and mounted):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rectal (or fecal) smear (Gram stain)<\/li>\n<li>Mouth smear (Gram stain)<\/li>\n<li>Yogurt smear (Gram stained)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Yogurt, store bought, any brand<\/li>\n<li>Yogurt, freshly made (prepared within a week of lab)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To make yogurt: Combine a large spoonful of yogurt (or a starter culture such as YoGourmet) with steamed milk in a glass pint canning jar with a lid. Stir vigorously to mix, then incubate at 38\u201340\u00b0C overnight. Refrigerate when milk has thickened into yogurt.<\/p>\n<h3>Lab 3: Bacteriological Culture Methods<\/h3>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overnight plate cultures of <i>Micrococcus luteus<\/i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Overnight broth culture containing two bacteria<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For broth cultures: Grow broth cultures of bacteria separately, combine in one tube right before the lab begins.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>For BSL-1 only: <i>M. luteus<\/i>, <i>Micrococcus roseus<\/i> in equal proportions<\/li>\n<li>For BSL-2: any combination of bacteria. Try to use bacteria which grow at a similar rate, or proportions added to the mixed culture can be adjusted to account for growth rate (for example, 2x as much Gram-positive to Gram-negative ratio)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Culture Media:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tryptic Soy Broth (or other nonselective general growth medium) in bottles<\/li>\n<li>Tryptic Soy Agar plates<\/li>\n<li>Tryptic Soy Agar slants in culture tubes<\/li>\n<li>Tryptic Soy deeps in culture tubes (semisolid agar: use 3.5 g agar per liter TSB)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 4: The Environmental Isolate Project<\/h3>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bacteria cultured from skin and isolated in pure culture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Culture media (available in lab for the duration of the project):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TSA plates and TSA slants for primary culture and pure culture maintenance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The media necessary to identify the genus and species of the isolated bacteria will vary each week. See media requirements and supplies for Growth Characteristics and Food Safety labs.<\/p>\n<h3>Lab 5: Differential Staining Techniques<\/h3>\n<p>Prepared slides (purchased already stained and mounted):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Flavobacterium capsulatum<\/i>, capsule stained (or other capsule-stained smear)<\/li>\n<li><i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae<\/i>, methylene blue stain (or other stain for metachromatic granules)<\/li>\n<li><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>, acid-fast stain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overnight TSA plate cultures of a Gram-positive bacterium and a Gram-negative bacterium (suggested are <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> and <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li>Overnight TSA plate cultures of two species of <i>Bacillus<\/i>, each with a different endospore appearance: suggested are <i>B. subtilis<\/i> OR <i>B. cereus<\/i> (with oval, central endospores) AND <i>B. sphaericus<\/i> OR B. <i>globisporus <\/i>(with spherical, terminal endospores)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 7: Metabolism, Physiology, and Growth Characteristics of Cocci<\/h3>\n<p>Prepared slides (purchased, stained and mounted):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>, Gram stain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overnight TSA plate cultures of <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>, <i>S. epidermidis<\/i>, and <i>S. saprophyticus<\/i>, <i>Micrococcus luteus<\/i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i>, <i>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Media and Test Reagents:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nitrate broth, in bottles<\/li>\n<li>Nitrate reagents A and B, stored at 4\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>Urease broth, in bottles<\/li>\n<li>Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar slants<\/li>\n<li>Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) plates<\/li>\n<li>Blood Agar Plates (BAP)<\/li>\n<li>Bile Esculin (BE) agar plates<\/li>\n<li>3% hydrogen peroxide in dropper bottles (for catalase test)<\/li>\n<li>DrySlide Oxidase test cards (for oxidase test)<\/li>\n<li>Staphaurex (or other coagulase test kit) cards and reagent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 8: Metabolism, Physiology, and Growth Characteristics of Bacilli<\/h3>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overnight TSA plate cultures of a <i>Bacillus<\/i> spp., <i>Corynebacterium xerosis<\/i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>, <i>Escherichia <\/i>coli, a <i>Salmonella<\/i> spp., <i>Citrobacter freundii<\/i>, <i>Enterobacter aerogenes<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Media and Test Reagents:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nitrate broth, in bottles<\/li>\n<li>Nitrate reagents A and B, stored at 4\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>MR-VP broth, in bottles<\/li>\n<li>Methyl Red reagent, and VP (Barritt\u2019s) reagents A and B, stored at 4\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar slants<\/li>\n<li>Sulfide-Indole-Motility (SIM) agar stabs<\/li>\n<li>Indole (Kovac\u2019s) reagent, stored at 4\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>Simmon\u2019s Citrate Agar plates or slants<\/li>\n<li>3% hydrogen peroxide in dropper bottles (for catalase test)<\/li>\n<li>DrySlide Oxidase test cards (for oxidase test)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 9: Microbiological Food Safety<\/h3>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A selection of food items, such as ground beef, bagged lettuce, eggs, chicken, etc. (which may be \u201cspiked\u201d with bacteria). Students may be encouraged to include items of interest that they transport to lab with them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Media and Test Reagents:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Plastic disposable culture tubes with caps (to facilitate cleanup and disposal)<\/li>\n<li>Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) in bottles<\/li>\n<li>MacConkey Agar (MAC) plates<\/li>\n<li>Sorbitol-MacConkey Agar (SMAC) plates<\/li>\n<li>Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) plates<\/li>\n<li>TSI agar slants<\/li>\n<li>Staphaurex (or other coagulase test kit) cards and reagent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 10: Germ Warfare<\/h3>\n<p>Cultures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overnight TSA plate cultures of <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>, <i>S. saprophyticus<\/i>, <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Media and other supplies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>0.85% saline, sterile, in bottles<\/li>\n<li>0.5 McFarland turbidity standards<\/li>\n<li>Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) plates<\/li>\n<li>Antibiotic disks with: novobiocin, cefixime, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline<\/li>\n<li>Sterile blank filter paper disks<\/li>\n<li>Samples of a variety of known and potential disinfectants and antiseptics, such as a commercial home product, hand sanitizer, antibacterial dish soap, mouthwash, products made with essential oils, honey, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 11: Epidemiology and Public Health<\/h3>\n<p>Supplies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Calculators<\/li>\n<li>Access to the internet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Lab 12: Blood: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly<\/h3>\n<p>Prepared slides and other supplies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Wrights-Giemsa stained blood smears (no pathology)<\/li>\n<li>Wrights-Giemsa or Giemsa stained blood smears of <i>Anaplasma<\/i> spp., <i>Babesia<\/i> spp., and <i>Dirofilaria<\/i> (microfilarial form)<\/li>\n<li>Blood cell counters (optional)<\/li>\n<li>Sure-Vue Mono Test kit (or other commercial test kit for Infectious Mononucleosis)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-85\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Microbiology: a Laboratory Experience. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Holly Ahern. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: SUNY Adirondack . <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/textbooks.opensuny.org\/microbiology-a-laboratory-experience\/\">https:\/\/textbooks.opensuny.org\/microbiology-a-laboratory-experience\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Open SUNY Textbooks. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":23485,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Microbiology: a Laboratory Experience\",\"author\":\"Holly Ahern\",\"organization\":\"SUNY Adirondack \",\"url\":\"https:\/\/textbooks.opensuny.org\/microbiology-a-laboratory-experience\/\",\"project\":\"Open SUNY Textbooks\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"back-matter-type":[27],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-85","back-matter","type-back-matter","status-publish","hentry","back-matter-type-appendix"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-microbio-labexperience\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/85","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-microbio-labexperience\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-microbio-labexperience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/back-matter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-microbio-labexperience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23485"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-microbio-labexperience\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/85\/revisions"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-microbio-labexperience\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/85\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-microbio-labexperience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"back-matter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-microbio-labexperience\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter-type?post=85"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-microbio-labexperience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=85"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-microbio-labexperience\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=85"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}