{"id":1088,"date":"2018-03-21T14:31:49","date_gmt":"2018-03-21T14:31:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-orgbiochemistry\/chapter\/unsaturated-and-aromatic-hydrocarbons\/"},"modified":"2018-10-22T20:53:15","modified_gmt":"2018-10-22T20:53:15","slug":"introduction-13","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-monroecc-orgbiochemistry\/chapter\/introduction-13\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction","rendered":"Introduction"},"content":{"raw":"
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Chapter 13 Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons<\/h1>\r\n
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Opening Essay<\/h2>\r\n
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Our modern society is based to a large degree on the chemicals we discuss in this chapter. Most are made from petroleum. In Chapter 12 \"Organic Chemistry: Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons\"<\/a> we noted that alkanes\u2014saturated hydrocarbons\u2014have relatively few important chemical properties other than that they undergo combustion and react with halogens. Unsaturated hydrocarbons\u2014hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds\u2014on the other hand, are quite reactive. In fact, they serve as building blocks for many familiar plastics\u2014polyethylene, vinyl plastics, acrylics\u2014and other important synthetic materials (e.g., alcohols, antifreeze, and detergents). Aromatic hydrocarbons have formulas that can be drawn as cyclic alkenes, making them appear unsaturated, but their structure and properties are generally quite different, so they are not considered to be alkenes. Aromatic compounds serve as the basis for many drugs, antiseptics, explosives, solvents, and plastics (e.g., polyesters and polystyrene).<\/p>\r\n

The two simplest unsaturated compounds\u2014ethylene (ethene) and acetylene (ethyne)\u2014were once used as anesthetics and were introduced to the medical field in 1924. However, it was discovered that acetylene forms explosive mixtures with air, so its medical use was abandoned in 1925. Ethylene was thought to be safer, but it too was implicated in numerous lethal fires and explosions during anesthesia. Even so, it remained an important anesthetic into the 1960s, when it was replaced by nonflammable anesthetics such as halothane (CHBrClCF3<\/sub>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

\n
\n

Chapter 13 Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons<\/h1>\n
\n

Opening Essay<\/h2>\n
\n

Our modern society is based to a large degree on the chemicals we discuss in this chapter. Most are made from petroleum. In Chapter 12 “Organic Chemistry: Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons”<\/a> we noted that alkanes\u2014saturated hydrocarbons\u2014have relatively few important chemical properties other than that they undergo combustion and react with halogens. Unsaturated hydrocarbons\u2014hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds\u2014on the other hand, are quite reactive. In fact, they serve as building blocks for many familiar plastics\u2014polyethylene, vinyl plastics, acrylics\u2014and other important synthetic materials (e.g., alcohols, antifreeze, and detergents). Aromatic hydrocarbons have formulas that can be drawn as cyclic alkenes, making them appear unsaturated, but their structure and properties are generally quite different, so they are not considered to be alkenes. Aromatic compounds serve as the basis for many drugs, antiseptics, explosives, solvents, and plastics (e.g., polyesters and polystyrene).<\/p>\n

The two simplest unsaturated compounds\u2014ethylene (ethene) and acetylene (ethyne)\u2014were once used as anesthetics and were introduced to the medical field in 1924. However, it was discovered that acetylene forms explosive mixtures with air, so its medical use was abandoned in 1925. Ethylene was thought to be safer, but it too was implicated in numerous lethal fires and explosions during anesthesia. Even so, it remained an important anesthetic into the 1960s, when it was replaced by nonflammable anesthetics such as halothane (CHBrClCF3<\/sub>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":53384,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1088","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1084,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-monroecc-orgbiochemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1088","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-monroecc-orgbiochemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-monroecc-orgbiochemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-monroecc-orgbiochemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/53384"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-monroecc-orgbiochemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1088\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3473,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-monroecc-orgbiochemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1088\/revisions\/3473"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-monroecc-orgbiochemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1084"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-monroecc-orgbiochemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1088\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-monroecc-orgbiochemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-monroecc-orgbiochemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1088"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-monroecc-orgbiochemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1088"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-monroecc-orgbiochemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}