{"id":1301,"date":"2018-03-21T14:57:27","date_gmt":"2018-03-21T14:57:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-orgbiochemistry\/chapter\/organic-compounds-with-functional-groups\/"},"modified":"2018-10-30T15:48:15","modified_gmt":"2018-10-30T15:48:15","slug":"organic-compounds-with-functional-groups","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-monroecc-orgbiochemistry\/chapter\/organic-compounds-with-functional-groups\/","title":{"raw":"14.1 Organic Compounds with Functional Groups","rendered":"14.1 Organic Compounds with Functional Groups"},"content":{"raw":"
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Learning Objective<\/h3>\r\n
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  1. Describe functional groups and explain why they are useful in the study of organic chemistry.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

    Chapter 12 \"Organic Chemistry: Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons\"<\/a> and Chapter 13 \"Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons\"\u00a0<\/a>considered several kinds of hydrocarbons, but many organic compounds contain atoms other than carbon and hydrogen in their functional groups. A functional group is<\/span><\/span> a specific structural arrangement of atoms or bonds that imparts a characteristic chemical reactivity<\/strong> to the molecule.\u00a0 Understanding the behavior of a particular functional group allows prediction of chemical and physical properties of a variety of molecules, including biomolecules, that contain that particular functional group.\u00a0 In this chapter and Chapter 15 \"Organic Acids and Bases and Some of Their Derivatives\"<\/a>, we make a brief yet systematic study of some of organic compound families. Each family is based on a common, simple functional group that contains an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom. Some common functional groups are listed in Table 14.1 \"Selected Organic Functional Groups\"<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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    Table 14.1<\/span> Selected Organic Functional Groups.\u00a0 Note that R is usually a hydrocarbon chain.\u00a0 Cases where R can be an H atom are noted.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    Name of Family<\/th>\r\nGeneral Formula<\/th>\r\nFunctional Group<\/th>\r\nSuffix*<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
    alkane<\/td>\r\nRH<\/td>\r\nnone<\/td>\r\n-ane<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    alkene<\/td>\r\nR2<\/sub>C=CR2<\/sub>\r\n\r\nThe R groups can be Hs.<\/td>\r\n\r\n
    \"image\"<\/div><\/td>\r\n
    		-ene<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    alkyne<\/td>\r\nRC\u2261CR\u00a0 The R groups can be Hs.<\/td>\r\n\u2013C\u2261C\u2013<\/td>\r\n-yne<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    alcohol<\/td>\r\nROH<\/td>\r\n\u2013OH<\/td>\r\n-ol<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    thiol<\/td>\r\nRSH<\/td>\r\n\u2013SH<\/td>\r\n-thiol<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    ether<\/td>\r\nROR<\/td>\r\n\u2013O\u2013<\/td>\r\nether<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    aldehyde<\/td>\r\n\r\n
    \"image\"<\/div>\r\n
    The R group can be H.<\/div><\/td>\r\n
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    \"image\"<\/div><\/td>\r\n
    		-al<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    ketone<\/td>\r\n\r\n
    \"image\"<\/div><\/td>\r\n
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    \"image\"<\/div><\/td>\r\n
    		-one<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    carboxylic acid<\/td>\r\n\r\n
    \"image\"<\/div>\r\n
    The R group can be H.<\/div><\/td>\r\n
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    \"image\"<\/div><\/td>\r\n
    		-oic acid<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n
    *Ethers do not have a suffix in their common name; all ethers end with the word ether<\/em>.<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tfoot>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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    Concept Review Exercises<\/h3>\r\n
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    1. \r\n
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      What is the functional group of an alkene? An alkyne?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n \t

    2. \r\n
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      Does CH3<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>CH3<\/sub> have a functional group? Explain.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"971552\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"971552\"]\r\n

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      1. carbon-to-carbon double bond; carbon-to-carbon triple bond<\/li>\r\n \t
      2. No; it has nothing but carbon and hydrogen atoms and all single bonds.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n
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        <\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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        Key Takeaway<\/h3>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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