{"id":1888,"date":"2017-06-20T18:10:58","date_gmt":"2017-06-20T18:10:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/chapter\/chapter-12-music-integration-3\/"},"modified":"2017-09-12T14:55:55","modified_gmt":"2017-09-12T14:55:55","slug":"chapter-12-music-integration-3","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/chapter\/chapter-12-music-integration-3\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 12: Music Integration","rendered":"Chapter 12: Music Integration"},"content":{"raw":"<div id=\"_idContainer662\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Chapter Summary<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"ch-title\">This chapter introduces the reader to processes and vocabulary of music integration, including a general definition of arts integration, and strategies and examples for integrating music with other subject areas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<blockquote>&nbsp;\r\n<p class=\"quote\">Musical training is a more potent instrument than any other, because rhythm and harmony find their way into the inward places of the soul.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"quote\"><em>\u2014Plato, Republic, Book III<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\nArts Integration, when done correctly, transforms both the art and the subject area into a whole greater than the sum of its parts. In short, Arts Integration can be magical, inspiring learning and setting off a spark in each child. Imagine the difference in a child\u2019s learning experience if classroom teachers incorporated the arts into their lesson. From a teaching perspective, artistic experiences help teachers discover their students\u2019 enthusiasm through a new medium. They also aid in creating positive and interesting lessons that fully engage the student. For the student, music not only strengthens emotional and cognitive development, but also allows a new outlet of expression, and a new means of learning through listening and making sound. The arts provide a platform through which teachers can tap into a child\u2019s creativity and humanity while teaching content material. The arts give students an opportunity to express and explore material in a medium to which they might not otherwise have access.\r\n\r\nIncorporating music is beneficial to both teacher and student as it strengthens the bond between them through a (hopefully) mutually satisfying aesthetic experience. Teaching and learning occurs between the art forms and any number of diverse subject areas.\r\n<h1>I. What is Arts Integration?<\/h1>\r\nLet\u2019s begin with a commonly accepted definition of arts integration from the <a href=\"https:\/\/artsedge.kennedy-center.org\/educators.aspx\">Kennedy Center\u2019s ArtsEdge<\/a> website along with a checklist to help guide the teacher in the creation of an integrated lesson.\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer639\" class=\"picture\">\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"788\"]<img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181020\/AI-definition-1.png\" alt=\"Description: Description: rts Integration Definition\" width=\"788\" height=\"527\" \/> \u201cWhat is Arts Integration?\u201d Courtesy of ArtsEdge, by Lynne Silverstein and Sean Layne. \u00a9 The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts A definition of arts integration[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"caption\"><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h1 class=\"table-title\">Checklist for an Arts Integrated Lesson<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"byline\"><a href=\"http:\/\/artsedge.kennedy-center.org\/educators\/how-to\/arts-integration\/what-is-arts-integration#arts-integration-checklist\">\u201cArts Integration Checklist\u201d<\/a> <em>Courtesy of ArtsEdge, by Lynne Silverstein and Sean Layne. \u00a9 The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table id=\"table001-11\" class=\"No-Table-Style _idGenTablePara-1\"><colgroup><col \/><\/colgroup>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Approach to Teaching<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">Are learning principles of Constructivism (actively built, experiential, evolving, collaborative, problem-solving, and reflective) evident in my lesson?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Understanding<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">Are the students engaged in constructing and demonstrating understanding as opposed to just memorizing and reciting knowledge?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Art Form<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">Are the students constructing and demonstrating their understanding through an art form?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Creative Process<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">Are the students engaged in a process of creating something original as opposed to copying or parroting?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">Will the students revise their products?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Connects<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">Does the art form connect to another part of the curriculum or a concern\/need?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">Is the connection mutually reinforcing?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Evolving Objectives<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">Are there objectives in both the art form and another part of the curriculum or a concern\/need?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">Have the objectives evolved since the last time the students engaged with this subject matter?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2>Defining Levels of Integration<\/h2>\r\nNot all lessons that use the arts can be called \u201cintegrated.\u201d Some lessons incorporate the arts, but do not incorporate the learning objectives and other criteria that fully integrate them, while others follow a deeper level of integration. Silverstein &amp; Layne (2014) identify <a href=\"http:\/\/artsedge.kennedy-center.org\/educators\/how-to\/arts-integration\/what-is-arts-integration\">3 categories of Arts Integration<\/a>:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><strong>Arts as Curriculum<\/strong>\u2014presence of arts teachers in the school teaching art, music, etc. using the state standard goals for their own specific discipline.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Arts-Enhanced Curriculum<\/strong>\u2014using the arts as a device, strategy or \u201chook\u201d to engage students or teach something else (i.e. using the alphabet song to teach the alphabet.) No explicit objectives in the art form are articulated. Does not require teacher training in the arts discipline.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Arts-Integrated Curriculum<\/strong>\u2014Students meet dual-objectives in both the art and the content area. Results in deep understanding about the art form. Teachers require professional development to learn about the arts standards.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nThere is nothing wrong about any of these three ways of using the arts, and sometimes it is quite appropriate to use one style over another for various curricular or other reasons. Although integration is a worthy goal, it is sometimes not feasible.\r\n<h4>Using Music in Arts-As-Curriculum<\/h4>\r\nMost schools still contain music and art teachers, who are valuable assets in providing input regarding art strategies, teaching materials, etc. This is definition of an arts-as-curriculum strategy, where the arts teacher teaches their separate material. Fully integrating the arts requires a time commitment and instructional expertise, but often there isn\u2019t the time, resources, or incentive to fully learn or implement the entire process for a lesson. How might you utilize the music teacher in your school to enhance your lesson? What are some ways to work with the specialists to benefit the student\u2019s learning experience?\r\n<h4>Using Music as Arts-Enhancement<\/h4>\r\nThere are many things to be learned from arts-enhancement as well. Using the arts yourself to enhance your lesson provides opportunities for students to experience music during the school day in a non-content related way.\r\n\r\nThere are ample opportunities for children to experience music in their day, including singing, moving, clapping, or stomping that are not directly related to teaching content area but provide students an alternate form of expression, a chance to re-group and focus, for motivation, learn about proper group and individual expectations and behavior, and to make transitions between subjects and activities. How might you use music to \u201cenhance\u201d a science or language arts lesson? Vocabulary or poetry lesson?\r\n<h4>Sample chart for Arts-Enhancement opportunities<\/h4>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Organization\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Activity:<\/em> lining up, cleaning up<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Aesthetic Purpose:<\/em> motivation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Transitions\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Activity:<\/em> changing from one activity to another<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Aesthetic Purpose:<\/em> change of mood, re-focus energy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Rituals\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Activity<\/em><em>:<\/em> Greetings\/Hello, goodbye, holiday music<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Aesthetic Purpose:<\/em> Prepare students mentally, provides stability and repetition<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Interstitial\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Activity:<\/em> Short break between two subjects or activities<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Aesthetic Purpose:<\/em> Provide relaxation, moment of expression, and alternate uses for cognitive functioning<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h4>Sample Day that includes Music<\/h4>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>9:10 Use music before the school day begins\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Ritual:<\/em> Set the mood\/change the atmosphere in the room with sound<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>9:20 Students enter and settle in to the room\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Ritual:<\/em> \u201cGood Morning,\u201d and\/or movement activity \u201cHead Shoulders\u201d<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>9:25 Morning Work, Attendance, Calendar\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Organization:<\/em> i.e. \u201cIf you\u2019re ready for _____ clap your hands\u201d (or stomp your feet, etc.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>10:00-10:40 Special (Music, Art, Physical Ed)\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Transition:<\/em> Focus for Math<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>10:45 Math Stations\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Organization:<\/em> Line up for Lunch<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>11:30 Lunch\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Transition:<\/em> Focus ready for reading<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>12:10-12:50 Reading\/Literacy Stations\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Interstitial:<\/em> Break song\/movement<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>12:50-1:30 Writing\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Interstitial:<\/em> Movement\/song break<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>1:30-2:10 Social Studies\/Science\/Health\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Transition:<\/em> Movement activity\/song<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>2:10-2:25 Snack\/Play time\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Organization:<\/em> Focus: Line up for Library or Lab<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>2:25-3:05 Computer Lab or Library\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Transition<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>3:10 Pickup and pack-up\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Organization:<\/em> \u201cClean up song\u201d<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>3:15 Dismissal\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Ritual:<\/em> \u201cGoodbye\u201d song<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h5>Song Examples (see Chapter 11 for more examples from this list)<\/h5>\r\n(Substitute any subject such as math, reading, physical education, art, instead of music, and any action instead of \u201cstand on up\u201d or \u201cclap your hands.\u201d)\r\n<h1 class=\"song-title\">If You\u2019re Ready for Music<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer640\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181022\/12_01_If_Youre_Ready_For_Music3-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer641\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181024\/12_01_If_Youre_Ready_For_Music4-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer642\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181027\/12_01_If_Youre_Ready_For_Music5-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nJanet Elder, in her article on \u201cBrain Friendly Music in the Classroom\u201d (n.d.), suggests the following reasons to incorporate music into the classroom:\r\n\r\nReasons for using music in the classroom can be divided into four groups:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Music\u2019s effect on the physical body and brain<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Music\u2019s effect on the emotional body<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Music\u2019s effect on the physical and learning environment<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Music\u2019s effect on group coherence and intimacy<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nFor example, as mentioned in Chapter 11, music\u2019s beats per minute (b.p.m.) or tempo, has a direct impact on the human body.\r\n\r\nElder also goes on to suggest specific songs to use for different classroom situations, such as playing classical music during individual or group work or \u201cGet Up Offa That Thing\u201d by James Brown for stretch breaks. There are many, many different types of songs and places to use them when working with children, and the inclusion of music in the daily routine can improve transitions and the overall mood of a classroom.\r\n<h1 class=\"table-title\">Class Times When Music Is Appropriate<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"byline\"><em>Source: adapted from Elder (n.d.) \u201c<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/letsgetengaged.wikispaces.com\/file\/view\/Music.pdf\">Using Brain-Friendly Music in the Classroom<\/a><em>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table id=\"table002-7\" class=\"No-Table-Style _idGenTablePara-1\"><colgroup><col \/><col \/><col \/><\/colgroup>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Class Activity<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Musical qualities to look for in song selection<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Song examples<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">As students enter class.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Select loose, upbeat, uplifting music, or music that pertains in some way to the course or topic that day. Songs with humor also start the class on the right foot.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cStar Wars,\u201d \u201cSummon the Heroes\u201d and other John Williams\u2019 Olympic music, \u201cWalk Right In\u201d (Rooftop Singers), \u201cThanks for Coming\u201d and \u201cHello, Welcome to the Meeting\u201d (\u201cLaughable Lyrics\u201d CD), and \u201cThe More We Get Together\u201d (Raffi).<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">To welcome students back after a weekend or holiday break<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cHi-Ho, Hi-Ho, It\u2019s Off to Work We Go!\u201d, \u201cThe Flintstones\u201d (\u201cYabba Dabba Do\u201d TV theme, Aron Apping), \u201cMonday, Monday\u201d (Mamas and Papas), \u201cReveille\u201d bugle call (\u201cAuthentic Sound Effects, Vol. 3\u201d).<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">To comment on the weather.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">On a rainy day:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">\u201cRaindrops Keep Falling on My Head\u201d (B.J. Thomas), \u201cHere Comes That Rainy Day Feeling Again\u201d (The Fortunes), \u201cCome Clean\u201d (Hilary Duff).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">For sunny days:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">\u201cIt\u2019s a Beautiful Morning\u201d (The Rascals), \u201cGood Day Sunshine\u201d (The Tremeloes), or \u201cWalking on Sunshine\u201d (Katrina and The Waves).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">To get students on their feet.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Students need a change after 15-20 minutes of sitting. Use any of these when you want to have them stand up to stretch, change where they are sitting, or move for some other reason.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cGet on Your Feet\u201d (Gloria Estefan), \u201cLine Up\u201d (Aerosmith), \u201cStand Up!\u201d (David Lee Roth), \u201c1-2-3-4\u201d (Ataris), \u201cUp!\u201d (Shania Twain), \u201cGet Up Offa That Thing\u201d (James Brown),\u201cArkansas Traveler\u201d (\u201cSmokey Mountain Hits\u201d CD)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">As students are moving into collaborative groups.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Look for songs with themes of friends, help, or general encouragement.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cHelp,\u201d (Beatles), \u201cWe Can Work It Out,\u201d (Beatles), \u201cYou\u2019ve Got a Friend\u201d (Carol King), \u201cLean on Me\u201d (Bill Withers), \u201cReach Out\u201d (The Four Tops), \u201cI\u2019m into Something Good\u201d (Herman\u2019s Hermits), \u201cCall Me\u201d (Blondie), \u201cYou Can Make It if You Try\u201d (James Brown).<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">After a pair-share review <em>(Students make the immediate connection between these songs and having to recall\/review material)<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Select songs with titles or lyrics that include \u201cremember,\u201d \u201cmemory,\u201detc.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cThanks for the Memories\u201d (Bob Hope and Shirley Ross), \u201cAlways Something There to Remind Me\u201d (Naked Eyes), \u201cUnforgettable\u201d (Peggy Lee)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">As low background music when students are working in small groups, in pairs, or individually, or when they are taking a test.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">The volume should be low enough that you could speak at a conversational level without raising your voice. The music should act as a filter for unwanted noise and help create a relaxed, mentally alert state. If any student objects to background music, you should not use it. However, if the entire class likes background music, try to play the same baroque music during the test that was used during the original presentation of the material: it acts as an auditory memory cue.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cWater Music Suite\u201d (Handel), \u201cBrandenberg Concertos\u201d (Bach), \u201cEine Kleine Nachtmusik\u201d (Mozart), and music by Telemann, Vivaldi, or Corelli in a major key. Soft piano or violin concertos with orchestral accompaniments work well.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">To use music to create positive stress or add drama<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cJames Bond Suite\u201d (Henry Rabinowitz and the RCA Orchestra), \u201cLaw and Order\u201d (TV theme), \u201cJeopardy\u201d (TV theme); \u201cMission Impossible\u201d (TV theme); \u201cJaws\u201d (movie theme, John Williams), \u201cIn the Hall of the Mountain King\u201d (from \u201cPeer Gynt\u201d by Grieg)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">To energize students or have them physically move:<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Select highly rhythmic music in a major key or any upbeat music or song. Beats per minute should be 70-140.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cShake It Up\u201d (The Cars), \u201cFun, Fun, Fun\u201d (Beach Boys), \u201cBonanza\u201d (TV theme), \u201cListen to the Music\u201d (Doobie Brothers), \u201cWe Got the Beat\u201d (Go-Gos),<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">To relax or calm students, to use for stretching, or activities such as reflection, journaling, and visualization.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Beats per minute should be 40-60.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cThe Lake House\u201d (movie theme; Rachel Portman), \u201cChariots of Fire\u201d (Vangelis), \u201cThe Reivers\u201d (movie theme), \u201cPeaceful, Easy Feeling\u201d (Eagles);<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">To celebrate successes or to honor students.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cOlympic Fanfare\u201d (John Williams), \u201cIn the Zone\u201d (David Banner), \u201cI Just Want to Celebrate\u201d (Rare Earth), \u201cCelebrate\u201d (Three Dog Night), \u201cCelebration\u201d (Kool and the Gang), \u201cWe Are the Champions\u201d (Queen).<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">To end class:<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Select upbeat, fun, or funny music; lyrics may pertain to leaving.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cNever Can Say Goodbye\u201d (Gloria Gaynor), \u201cSo Long, Farewell\u201d (from \u201cThe Sound of Music\u201d), \u201cWho Let the Dogs Out\u201d (Baja Men), \u201cHappy Trails\u201d (Roy Rogers\/Dale Evans).<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">For other purposes.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Beginning of class<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Encouragement, motivation, support:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"table-text\"><em>Funny, and therefore stress-reducing<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h1>II. Using Music in Arts-Integration<\/h1>\r\nAn arts integrated lesson plan will be similar to a regular lesson plan, with the exception that it will have a place for <em>both<\/em> the arts learning objectives as well as the objectives for the content area, and will allow students the opportunity to construct understanding through both disciplines.\r\n\r\nConsider that you have to create a lesson plan to celebrate the Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday. It is, of course, nice to add a song somewhere in the lesson, perhaps a song from the Civil Rights Movement. This does not make the lesson integrated, but rather an Arts-Enhanced-Curriculum as discussed above. Integration requires that there be music objectives as well as subject area objectives, and that both subjects are treated equally. Keep in mind that <em>any lesson can be made into an arts-integrated one<\/em>, by simply delving in deeper to the art form itself to find structural details and meaning from which to draw. To make a lesson integrated, it is necessary to include social science or history goals and objectives as well as musical information, goals and objectives. For example, including information about the song that incorporates the music itself (form, timbre, melody, rhythm, etc.), while discussing the genre of civil rights songs itself.\r\n\r\nTo demonstrate a deeper understanding of the tenets and issues of Civil Rights, social science connections can be made not only to slavery in the previous century, but to the pro-union struggle in the earlier part of the 20th century. Students could demonstrate their understanding of Martin Luther King\u2019s leadership and the famous marches of the 60s through song by recreating the march on Washington, DC while singing a civil rights song (\u201cWe Shall Not be Moved,\u201d \u201cThis Little Light of Mine,\u201d \u201cWe Shall Overcome,\u201d etc.)The types of songs used for demonstrations could be analyzed, including their roots in the pro-union movement, gospel and religious music, and\/or the use of call and response in the songs, which dates back to slavery and early African-American culture, and particularly how music was used during the protests. A follow-up might focus on blues, jazz and other genres inspired by the music of the Civil Rights movement.\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-2\">\r\n<div class=\"Blurb\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Activity 12a: try this<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-2\">\r\n<div class=\"Blurb\">\r\n<p class=\"lm-try\"><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"activity-content\">Which one of these examples represents Arts as Curriculum, Arts-Enhanced Curriculum, and an Arts-Integrated Curriculum?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Students sing a song they learned in music class for a school assembly<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Students have to explain how sequential groupings work in math and music<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Students learn the song \u201c50 Nifty United States\u201d<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"lm-try\"><strong><span class=\"subtitle\">Now try this<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Students complete a unit on the lifecycle of a caterpillar. How might this lesson be changed to reflect an Arts-Enhanced lesson? Arts-integration? Arts as Curriculum?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Create your own examples of the three types of curriculum.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p class=\"activity\">Music Integration with Core Subjects: Vocabulary, Concepts, and Learning Standards<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nIn order to successfully create arts integrated lessons, begin with the state learning standards in the content area in which you are working, then consider the art form you will be using. Explore vocabulary that may help you to work between the two disciplines. Below are two examples of vocabulary lists from <a href=\"http:\/\/educationcloset.com\/\">Education Closet<\/a>, a website dedicated to integration and innovation in teaching.\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-2\">\r\n<div class=\"Blurb\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>activity 12b: try this<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"lm-try\"><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"activity-content\">Review the vocabulary lists below. Identify which terms work best for music instruction. Select three of the terms from either list and give an example of how you might use that term to illustrate music concepts in addition to either a math or literacy concept.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1 class=\"table-title\">Arts Literacy: Common Vocabulary<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"byline\"><em>Source: Susan Riley,<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/educationcloset.com\/2013\/02\/28\/are-you-trans-literate\/\">Education Closet<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table id=\"table003-6\" class=\"No-Table-Style _idGenTablePara-1\"><colgroup><col \/><col \/><\/colgroup>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Grade<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Shared Vocabulary between Literacy and the Arts<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">K<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Illustrations, illustrator, listen, setting, space, title, beginning, end.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">1<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Audience, character, collaborate, connections, expression, fluent, phrase, plot, segment, sequence.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">2<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Analyze, compare, contrast, expression, genre, introduction, point of view, rhythm.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">3<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Audience, comparative, dialogue, effect, line, mood, narrator, plot, point of view, scene, stanza, theme.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">4<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Animations, categorize, drama, elements, meter, narration, pose, stage direction, theme, verse.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">5<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Analyze, compare, conclude, contrast, dialect, dialogue, evaluate, expression, fluent, influence, interpret, mood, multimedia, perspective, perspective, reflection, theme, tone, voice.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">6<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Bias, convey, elaborate, interpret, multimedia, perceive, point of view.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">7<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Alternate, analyze, audience, categorize, collaborate, composition, concept, embellish, exposure, format, function, interact, medium, mood, segment, structure, tone, unique.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">8<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Analyze, bias, characterization, elaborate, evaluate, imagery, point of view, style, symbolism, theme.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">9 and 10<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Bias, coherence, clarity, comedy, character motivation, diction, dynamic, monologue, mood, plot structure, purpose, soliloquy, theme, tone, tragedy, digital media, quality.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">11 and 12<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Context, diction, digital media, nuance, perspective, satire, structure, style, subplot, subtle, theme, voice.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h1 class=\"table-title\">Math and the Arts: Common Vocabulary<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"byline\"><em>Source: Susan Riley,<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/educationcloset.com\/2013\/03\/01\/speaking-a-common-math-language\/\">Education Closet<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table id=\"table004-3\" class=\"No-Table-Style _idGenTablePara-1\"><colgroup><col \/><col \/><\/colgroup>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Grade<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Shared Vocabulary between Literacy and the Arts<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">K<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Compare, opposite, before, different, similar, object, measure, pattern, curves, slide.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">1<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Similar, object, symbol, group, pattern, compare, half, describe, side, size, parallel, curves, slide, turn.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">2<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Form, sequence, pattern, group, interpret, symbol, slide, reflect, turn, measure, three-dimensional, line of symmetry, intersect.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">3<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Expression, form, product, length, symbol, combinations, weight, angle, symmetry, line, dimensions.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">4<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Comparison, expression, produce, symmetry, measure, length, interpret, frequency, distance, lines.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">5<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Patterns, form, expression, variation, inverse, sequence, symbol, product, ratio, part, whole, quarter, half, organize, arrange, scale, line, distance, vertical, diagonal, horizontal, symmetry, transformation.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">6<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Scale, measure, compose, symbol, expression, grid, collection, interval, simulation, symmetry.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">7<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Point, area, proportion, analyze, compose, notation, expression, value, range, scale, drawings.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">8<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Expression, value, notation, frequency, non-linear, rigid, symmetry.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">9 and 10<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Expression, notation, properties, model, measure, acceleration, scale, direction, structure, value, range, vary, inverse, frequency.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">11 and 12<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-text\">Linear, range, oblique, measure, symmetry, composition, variation, velocity, arc, chord.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h1>III. Generating Ideas for Integrated Lessons<\/h1>\r\nThe following grid offers a process for generating integration ideas using music, particularly in making connections across the disciplines. The first row of the grid contains an example of how to generate ideas from a musical concept.\r\n<h5>Concept(s)\/Grade<\/h5>\r\nBegin by selecting one music concept to work with. In the first column of the grid below, the word \u201cstaff\u201d is written. The lesson is to teach the musical staff to 2nd grade students.\r\n<h5>Objectives<\/h5>\r\nWhat are your main objectives for the lesson? What should children be able to do by the end of the lesson that they couldn\u2019t do at the beginning? Note: \u201cSWBAT\u201d stands for \u201cStudents Will Be Able To.\u201d\r\n<h5>Activities<\/h5>\r\nWhat activities could you use to teach the staff? Where would you begin? You might begin by teaching the line and space notes for the treble staff (EGBDF and FACE), and teaching the mnemonics that accompany those note names (i.e. E-Every; G-Good; B-Boy; D-Deserves; F-Fudge). Even at this point, writing the lines on the board, on a smart board, PPT, or even making lines on the floor with tape can be a visual accompaniment to the lesson, and help students learn through body movement as well as visual learning.\r\n<h5>Integration Ideas<\/h5>\r\nHow might you integrate this concept using different core subject areas? What higher order thinking skills, or vocabulary? Look at the second grade Vocabulary grid above from Education Closet concerning math and the arts and Music and Literacy and select the most appropriate terms to apply to the lesson:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>(Math and the Arts) Form, Sequence, Pattern, Group<\/li>\r\n \t<li>(Arts Literacy) Analyze, Compare, Contrast<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5>Common Core Learning Standards<\/h5>\r\nNow refer to the earlier chapter in the book to find the appropriate common core learning standards for the lesson.\r\n<h1 class=\"table-title\">Idea Generator: Concept, Objectives, Activities, Integration, Standards<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-2\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer645\" class=\"picture\">\r\n<table id=\"table005-2\" class=\"No-Table-Style\"><colgroup><col \/><col \/><col \/><col \/><col \/><\/colgroup>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Music Concept<\/h2>\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Grade<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Objectives<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Activities<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Integration (connections, constructivism, creative process, understanding)<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Learner\/<\/h2>\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Common Core Standard<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<p class=\"table-large\">Ex. Concept: Reading the Music Staff<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"table-large\">Grade: 2nd<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<p class=\"table-small\">SWBAT identify pitches on lines of the treble staff<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"table-small\">SWBAT analyze the correlation of skipping and sequential regarding the pitches on the treble staff.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"table-small\">SWBAT understand correlations across disciplines of math, literacy and music between sequential movement and skipping movement<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<p class=\"table-small\">Review (or teach) the pitches of the treble staff, first using sequential alphabet letters, then using the acronyms EGBDF, and FACE.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"table-small\">Create huge lines of treble staff on the floor using masking tape. Mark each line or space with large letters for each note.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"table-small\"><em>Movement<\/em>: Have students physically move across the floor staff, first <em>sequentially<\/em> and then <em>skipping<\/em> line to line and space to space, reciting the letters as they go.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<p class=\"table-small\"><em>Literacy<\/em>: <em>Analyze<\/em> the letters EGBDF as a mnemonic for \u201cEvery Good Boy Deserve Fudge.\u201d Brainstorm, having students create their own acronyms for EGBDF and FACE.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"table-small\"><em>Compare<\/em> and <em>contrast<\/em> the pitch names on the staff with the letters of the alphabet. Which direction do they go? What are the differences between letters of the alphabet and music pitch names?<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"table-small\"><em>Math<\/em>: Discuss the <em>form<\/em> of the staff. Is there a <em>pattern<\/em>? What is it? Does it <em>alternate<\/em> (skip)? Is it sequential (all in a row)?<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"table-small\"><em>Math, Music and Literacy<\/em>: (EGBDF) . Have students count <em>sequentially<\/em>. <em>Sequence<\/em> the letter names by saying them in a row (EFGABC). Then create a <em>pattern<\/em> by skipping every other letter of the alphabet (B \u2013 D \u2013 F or A \u2013 C \u2013 E). Then correlate with math by switching to numbers. Practice grouping by 2s.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<p class=\"table-small\">Bodily-Kinesthetic, Visual-spatial\/Creating, Performing, Participating<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<p class=\"table-large\">1. Concept: Rhythm: Eighth and Quarter notes<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"table-large\">Grade: Kindergarten<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<p class=\"table-large\">2. Melody: Pitch<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"table-large\">Grade: 4th<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<p class=\"table-large\">3. Timbre: Voice<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"table-large\">Grade: 1st<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1 class=\"table-title\">Idea Generator (blank): Concepts, Activities, Materials, Integration<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-2\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer646\" class=\"picture\">\r\n<table id=\"table006-1\" class=\"No-Table-Style\"><colgroup><col \/><col \/><col \/><col \/><col \/><\/colgroup>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Music Concept<\/h2>\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Grade<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Activities<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Integration (connections, constructivism, creative process, understanding)<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Learner\/<\/h2>\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Common Core Standard<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\r\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Objectives<\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<p class=\"table-large\">1.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<p class=\"table-large\">2.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\r\n<p class=\"table-large\">3.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Example Integrating Music, Language Arts and Social Studies: \u201cGoober Peas\u201d<\/h2>\r\n(see also \u201cErie Canal\u201d Lesson Plan in Chapter 6)\r\n\r\nMany older songs offer excellent material for integration. For example, the song \u201cGoober Peas\u201d provides students a very inside look at the life of a Confederate soldier during the Civil War. In this case, both the music and lyrics are highly informative, as is the situation in which the song was sung, lending itself to integration through three areas: music, language arts and social sciences.\r\n<h5>Materials:<\/h5>\r\n<p class=\"lesson-plan\"><span class=\"lesson-sub\">Timeline:<\/span> Civil War history timeline including various battles, Sherman\u2019s March, etc.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"lesson-plan\"><span class=\"lesson-sub\">Song:<\/span> \u201cGoober Peas\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"lesson-plan\"><span class=\"lesson-sub\">Text:<\/span> <em>The Personal Story of Life as a Confederate Soldier, \u201cThe Letters of Eli Landers\u201d<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gacivilwar.org\/story\/the-personal-story-of-life-as-a-confederate-soldier\">http:\/\/www.gacivilwar.org\/story\/the-personal-story-of-life-as-a-confederate-soldier<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h1 class=\"song-title\">Goober Peas<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"song-notes\">Southern U.S. folk song, 1866<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"song-notes\">Sung by Confederate soldiers during the Civil War<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer647\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181029\/12_02_Goober_Peas-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer648\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181030\/12_02_Goober_Peas1-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer649\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181032\/12_02_Goober_Peas2-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer650\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181034\/12_02_Goober_Peas3-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"Centered\">2. When a horse-man passes, the soldiers have a rule<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Centered\">To cry out their loudest, \u201cMister here\u2019s your mule!\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Centered\">But another custom, enchanting-er than these,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Centered\">Is wearing out your grinders, eating goober peas. (refrain)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Centered\"><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Centered\">3. Just before the battle, the General hears a row<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Centered\">He says, \u201cThe Yanks are coming, I hear their rifles now\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Centered\">He turns around in wonder and what d\u2019ya think he sees?<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Centered\">The Georgia militia, eating goober peas. (refrain)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Centered\">4. I think my song has lasted almost long enough<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Centered\">The subject\u2019s interesting but the rhymes are mighty tough<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Centered\">I wish the war was over so free from rags and fleas<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"Centered\">We\u2019d kiss our wives and sweethearts and gooble goober peas. (refrain)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4>Integration Process Questions<\/h4>\r\nHow might you integrate this song beyond that of \u201cArts as Enhancement\u201d? What learning principles will you use? How will students be engaged? Demonstrate their understanding? What will be the processes of creation? What connections to other parts of the curriculum can be made? Are the standards present for both the art and the subject? Go through Silverstein &amp; Layne\u2019s Arts Integration checklist below to see how to incorporate an integrated level of understanding to the lesson.\r\n<h5>Approach to Teaching<\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Does the lesson contain learning principles of Constructivism (actively built, experiential, evolving, collaborative, problem-solving, and reflective)?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5>Understanding<\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Are students engaged in constructing and demonstrating understanding knowledge rather than memorizing and reciting?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5>Art Form<\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Are the students constructing and demonstrating their understandings through an art form?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5>Creative Process<\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Are students engaged in a process of creating something original as opposed to copying or parroting?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Will the students revise their products?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5>Connects<\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Does the art form connect to another part of the curriculum or a concern\/need?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Is the connection mutually reinforcing?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5>Evolving Objectives<\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Are there objectives in both the art form and another part of the curriculum or a concern\/need?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Have the objectives evolved since the last time the students engaged with this subject matter? Have the objectives evolved since the last time the students engaged with this subject matter?Have the objectives evolved since the last time the students engaged with this subject matter? (Silverstein &amp; Layne, 2014).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5>Analysis: Vocabulary and Concepts<\/h5>\r\nYou\u2019ll find an abundance of material to integrate and connect after analyzing both the music, lyrical\/poetic aspects, and social contexts. The musical forms, phrases, harmonies and the poetic structure reveal a great deal of material apart from the content of the lyrics.\r\n<table id=\"table007-1\" class=\"Basic-Table _idGenTablePara-1\"><colgroup><col \/><col \/><\/colgroup>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"Basic-Table\">\r\n<td class=\"Basic-Table Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-large\">Music<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Basic-Table Basic-cell\">\r\n<p class=\"table-large\">Poetry\/Lyrics<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"Basic-Table\">\r\n<td class=\"Basic-Table Basic-cell\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">Dotted rhythm<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">Verse + refrain<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">4 phrases per verse<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">4 verses in the song<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"Basic-Table Basic-cell\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">Long-short long-short (<span class=\"vocab\">trochee<\/span> stressed-unstressed)<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">Ballad style<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">Rhyme scheme (AABB)<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"table-list\">Narrative story telling\/ballad<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h4>Social Studies<\/h4>\r\n<p class=\"lesson-plan\"><span class=\"lesson-sub\">Setting:<\/span> Civil War, soldiers resting on the roadside while waiting for orders for the next confrontation.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"lesson-plan\"><span class=\"lesson-sub\">Date Written:<\/span> 1866.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"lesson-plan\"><span class=\"lesson-sub\">Singers:<\/span> Popular in the South among Confederate Soldiers (losing the war).<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"lesson-plan\"><span class=\"lesson-sub\">Sentiment:<\/span> Expresses the living conditions of Confederate soldiers and the public, as the war was lost. Sherman\u2019s troops laid waste to much of Georgia, cutting off food supplies.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h5>Song Vocabulary<\/h5>\r\nStudents may not be familiar with these terms:\r\n<p class=\"def\"><em>Goober Peas<\/em>\u2014another name for boiled peanuts. Eaten by Confederate soldiers during the war when rail lines were cut off, making food and rations scarce.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"def\"><em>Messmate<\/em>\u2014a person\/friend in a military camp with which one regularly takes meals.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"def\"><em>Grinders<\/em>\u2014teeth.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"def\"><em>Row<\/em>\u2014an argument or fight (rhymes with \u201ccow\u201d).<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"def\"><em>Georgia Militia<\/em>\u2014a militia organized under the British that fought the Union during the Civil War. They fought in Sherman\u2019s devastating \u201cMarch to the Sea\u201d and in the last battle of the Civil War at the Battle of Columbus on the Georgia-Alabama border.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"def\"><em>Yanks<\/em>\u2014Refers to \u201cYankees\u201d or Union soldiers of the North.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"def\"><em>Rags and fleas<\/em>\u2014Tattered clothing and poor health conditions.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4>Activities:<\/h4>\r\nSing the song \u201cGoober Peas;\u201d Read some of the letters of Eli Landers.\r\n<h5>Questions to think about (Historical perspectives of soldiers)<\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>What conditions did the soldier\u2019s have to endure?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What was happening towards the end of the Civil War?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How do you think they felt during this time? (i.e., anxiousness, anticipation, weariness while waiting by the road).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Overall, what do the lyrics express on behalf of the Confederate soldiers?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What does the reference to the <em>Georgia Militia<\/em> mean in terms of the fighting?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5>Ideas for Integration<\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Constructivism:<\/em> Analyze the music, text, and history (timeline). <em>Reflect<\/em> what it would be like to be a soldier in the Confederacy during the beginning, middle, and end of the Civil War. <em>Problem Solve<\/em> as to how to obtain food after the railroad lines were cut off, strategize as to earlier successes during the war.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Student Engagement:<\/em> (historical perspectives). <em>Experience:<\/em> learn and sing the song. Divide into groups and read Eli Landers letters from different years comparing changes in attitude for a confederate soldier over time from the beginning of the war to the end of the war.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Art Form:<\/em> <em>Analyze<\/em> by comparing Eli Landers\u2019 letters to the lyrics of the song. What are the differences in historical facts? Sentiment? In terms of the song itself, explore the meaning of the music itself apart from the lyrics\u2014sing the melody of the song on a neutral syllable. What does the melody remind you of? What kind of emotion do you hear in the melody, rhythm and phrasing? Does it seem to complement the lyrics or oppose them? Why might this be the case?<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Creative Process:<\/em> Work collaboratively to create further verses of the song or write \u201cletters home\u201d that will express the feelings of soldiers facing defeat. Read the letters from home along with singing the new verses of the song.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Objectives<\/em> (See below)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nWhat Learning Standards or Objectives can you incorporate for this lesson for each of the following?\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Language Arts\/Social Studies\r\n<p class=\"ol-alpha2\">a. Language Arts 3: Use knowledge of language and its conventions when speaking, reading, or listening.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"ol-alpha2\">b. Writing 3: Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, descriptive details, and clear event sequences.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"ol-alpha2\">c. Reading 2: Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text; summarize the text.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Music National Standards\r\n<p class=\"ol-alpha2\">a. 1: Singing, alone and with others, a varied repertoire of music.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"ol-alpha2\">b. 6: Listening to, analyzing, and describing music.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"ol-alpha2\">c. 8: Understanding relationships between music, the other arts, and disciplines outside the arts.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h2>Additional Songs for Integrating History\/Social Studies<\/h2>\r\n(see also \u201cErie Canal\u201d Lesson Plan in Chapter 6)\r\n\r\nOther examples include songs that are informative and contain a long narrative or historical information for students. For example, the song \u201cChristofo Columbo\u201d chronicles much of the famed voyage including detailed geographic references in a fun and light song.\r\n<h1 class=\"song-title\">Christofo Columbo (Christopher Columbus)<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"song-notes\">Ring Lardner, 1911<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer651\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181037\/12_03_Christofo_copy-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer652\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181039\/12_03_Christofo_copy1-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer653\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181041\/12_03_Christofo_copy2-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer654\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181043\/12_03_Christofo_copy3-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer655\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181044\/12_03_Christofo_copy4-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">To the Kings and Queens of Europe, Columbus told his theory,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">They simply thought him crazy, and asked him this here query,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">How could the earth stand up if round, it surely would suspend,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">For answer, C\u2019lumbus took an egg and stood it on its end.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\"><em>Refrain<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">In Fourteen Hundred and Ninety-two, \u2019twas then Columbus started,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">From Pales on the coast of Spain to the westward he departed,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">His object was to find a route, a short one to East India,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">Columbus wore no whiskers, and the wind it blew quite windy.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\"><em>Refrain<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">When Sixty days away from land, upon the broad Atlantic,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">The sailors they went on a strike which nearly caused a panic,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">They all demanded eggs to eat for each man in the crew,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">Columbus had no eggs aboard, but he made the ship lay too.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\"><em>Refrain<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">The hungry crew impatient grew, and beef-steak they demanded,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">Equal to the emergency, Columbus then commanded<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">That ev\u2019ry sailor who proves true, and his duty never shirks,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">Can have a juicy porterhouse, \u201cI\u2019ll get it from the bulwarks.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\"><em>Refrain<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">Not satisfied with steak and eggs, the crew they yelled for chicken,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">Columbus seemed at a loss for once, and the plot it seemed to thicken,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">The men threatened to jump overboard, Columbus blocked their pathway,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">And cried: \u201cIf chicken you must have, I\u2019ll get it from the hatchway.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\"><em>Refrain<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">The sailors now so long from home with fear became imbued,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">On the twelfth day of October their fears were all subdued,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">For after Ninety days at sea, they discovered America\u2019s shores,<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">And quickly made a landing on the Isle of Salvador.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\"><em>Refrain<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h1 class=\"song-title\">When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"song-notes\">Patrick Gilmore, 1863<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"song-notes\">American Civil War song<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer656\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181046\/12_04_When_Johnny_Comes.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer657\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181048\/12_04_When_Johnny_Comes1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer658\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181050\/12_04_When_Johnny_Comes2.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer659\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181052\/12_04_When_Johnny_Comes3.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1 class=\"song-title\">Johnny Has Gone for a Soldier<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"song-notes\">Traditional English folk song popular during the Revolutionary War<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer660\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181054\/12_05_Johnny_Has_Gone.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\r\n<div id=\"_idContainer661\" class=\"music-bar\"><img class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181056\/12_05_Johnny_Has_Gone1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1>IV. Music and Literacy\/Language Arts<\/h1>\r\nOf all of the content area relationships with music, language arts and music have one of the closest bonds. This bond is rooted within the inseparable relationship between lyrics and music that has existed for thousands of years. People in across countless cultures have chanted or sung poetry for all types of human rituals, ceremonies and for entertainment. When we listen to a song, a musical phrase usually accompanies a phrase of lyrics; a verse or refrain emerges from a short poem. For centuries, ballads, and epics were all sung, as were Biblical chants and Vedic hymns. Long stories and epic tales used music to draw in the audience and to help the reciter\u2019s memorization.\r\n\r\nIn addition, there is an intrinsic relationship in the discrimination of phonemic sounds and musical sounds for children learning to read. Language and music are intertwined to the point where there is evidence of a connection in the brain between phonemic sound discrimination and musical sound discrimination. In a 1993 study, for example, Lamb and Gregory examined the correlation between phonemic and musical sound discrimination for children reading in their first year of school, and discovered that a child\u2019s ability to discriminate musical sounds is directly related to reading performance, primarily due to their awareness of changes in pitch.\r\n\r\nThis close relationship allows for multiple avenues for integration. The use of music to build characters through sound expression; create tension in the narrative; highlight important moments in the plot, and so forth, are examples of the high compatibility between words and music.\r\n<h2>Creating a \u201cSound Carpet\u201d<\/h2>\r\nSince music and language have such a close relationship, one of the easiest ways to begin is to combine the two. Creating a <strong><span class=\"vocab\">sound carpet<\/span><\/strong> entails taking a story and adding sound effects, <span class=\"vocab\">leitmotifs<\/span>, instruments, vocal sounds, body percussion, and actors and\/or a narrator, in order to bring literature to life. The goal of a <strong>leitmotif<\/strong> is to help the listener identify the main characters and give each a very short musical pattern, so that every time their name is mentioned, someone plays that pattern. Also, sound effects can be added to enhance the action or bring a fuller meaning or experience. For example, if the story introduces a chiming bell, hit a bell or, for more advanced or older students, play a bell peal on the glockenspiel. Folk tales and fairy tales from around the world are excellent sources for this type of activity\r\n<h5>Characters and Leitmotifs<\/h5>\r\nTo create a <em>sound carpet<\/em>, begin by making a list of the main characters in the story. For example, the story <em>The Princess and the Frog<\/em> has three main characters\u2014the King, Princess and Frog. Sample leitmotifs might look like this:\r\n<p class=\"demo\">King: (temple blocks and bass xylophone) <span class=\"music-notes\">q ioq q<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">Princess: (glissando on glockenspiels)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"demo\">Frog: scrape guiro; hit hand drums <span class=\"music-notes\">q q q<\/span> (say \u201cribbit!\u201d)<\/p>\r\nHelp students create a short phrase or <em>leitmotif<\/em> for each of the main characters\u2014think of <em>Star Wars\u2019<\/em> Darth Vader theme as an example. Every time the name is introduced in the story, their leitmotif should be played. To help the creative process, you might give students a short, simple rhythm to work with to create the motif. Then play the leitmotif on an instrument that helps describe that character. The King\u2019s leitmotif, for example, might be 4 quarter notes played on a trumpet sound on a keyboard, or using an interval of a 5th on any instrument to sound regal and stately.\r\n<h5>Sound effects<\/h5>\r\nNext identify locations in the story where sound effects can be used. A running stream could be a glissando on a xylophone; thunder can be played with drums; footsteps with a woodblock, etc.\r\n<h5>Body Percussion and Vocals<\/h5>\r\nThen add body percussion (clapping, stomping) or vocal sounds (moans for wind, yells and whoops) to increase the creativity and excitement level in the story.\r\n<h5>Introduction and Finale<\/h5>\r\nAdd a short song whose lyrics are based on the story, to be sung and played by everyone at the opening and closing of the story.\r\n\r\nFinally, assign a narrator, speaking or acting parts, and along with your instruments and sound effects, you have a complete performance that incorporates music composition and creativity along with language arts and theater.\r\n<h1>References (Integration)<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Appel, M. (2006). Arts Integration across the Curriculum. <em>Leadership<\/em>, Nov\/Dec., 14-17.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Burnaford, G., Aprill, A., &amp; Weiss, C. (Eds.). (2001). <em>Renaissance in the classroom: Arts integration and meaningful Learning.<\/em> Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Elder, J. (n.d.) Brain-friendly music in the classroom. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thereadingprof.com\">www.thereadingprof.com<\/a> retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/letsgetengaged.wikispaces.com\/file\/view\/Music.pdf\">https:\/\/letsgetengaged.wikispaces.com\/file\/view\/Music.pdf<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Goldbert, M,. &amp; Bossenmeyer, M. (1998). Shifting the role of arts in education. <em>Principal.<\/em> 77, 56-58.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Gullatt, D. (2008). Enhancing student learning through arts integration: implications for the profession. <em>The High School Journal,<\/em> <em>85<\/em>,12-24.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Ingram, D., &amp; Riedel, E. (2003). <em>What does arts integration do for students?<\/em> (CAREI Research Reports). Minneapolis, MN: Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvemen<em>t.<\/em> Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http:\/\/purl.umn.edu\/144121<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Ingram, D., &amp; Meath, M. (2007). <em>Arts for academic achievement: A compilation of evaluation findings from 2004-2006<\/em>.\u00a0Minneapolis, MN: Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http:\/\/purl.umn.edu\/143647<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Jenson, E. (2002). Teach the arts for reasons beyond the research. <em>The Education Digest,<\/em> <em>67<\/em>(6), 47-53.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Koutsoupidou, T., &amp; D. J. , Hargreaves. (2009). An experimental study of the effects of improvisation on the development of children\u2019s creative thinking in music. <em>Psychology of Music,<\/em> <em>3<\/em>, 251.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Luftig, R. (2000). An investigation of an arts infusion program on creative thinking, academic achievement, affective functioning, and arts appreciation of children at three grade levels.\u00a0<em>Studies in Art Educatio,<\/em>: 208-227.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Mishook, J., &amp; Kornhaber, M. (2006). Arts integration in an era of Accountability. <em>Arts Education Policy Review, 107<\/em>(4), 3-10.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Moore, D. (2013). Make art not the servant. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/educationcloset.com\/2013\/02\/27\/make-not-art-the-servant\/\">http:\/\/educationcloset.com\/2013\/02\/27\/make-not-art-the-servant\/<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Rabkin, N., &amp; Redmons, R. (2006). The arts make a difference. <em>Educational Leadership, 63<\/em>(5), 60-64.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Riley, S. (2012). <em>Shake the sketch: An arts integration workbook<\/em>. Westminster, MD: Author.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Ruppert, S. (2006). <em>Critical evidence\u2014How the arts benefit student achievement<\/em>. National Assembly of State Arts Agencies. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.nasaa-arts.org\/Research\/Key-Topics\/Arts-Education\/critical-evidence.pdf.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Silverstein, L. &amp; Layne, S. (2014). \u201cWhat is Arts Integration?\u201d <em>ArtsEdge.Kennedy-Center.org<\/em>. http:\/\/artsedge.kennedy-center.org\/educators\/how-to\/arts-integration\/what-is-arts-integration<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h1>References (Music and Literacy)<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Butzlaff, R. (2000). Can music be used to teach reading?\u00a0<em>Journal of Aesthetic Education,<\/em> 167-178.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Cardany, A. (2013). Nursery rhymes in music and language literacy. <em>General Music Today,<\/em> 26(2), 30-36.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Carger, C. (2004). Art and literacy with bilingual children.\u00a0<em>Language Arts<\/em>, <em>4<\/em>, 283-292.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Darrow, A. A. (2008). Music and Literacy. <em>General Music Today, 21<\/em>(2), 32-34.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Fisher, D., McDonald, N, &amp; Strickland, J. (2001). Early literacy development: A sound practice. <em>General Music Today, 14<\/em>(3), 15-20.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Lamb, S., &amp; Gregory, A. (1993). The relationship between music and reading in beginning readers. <em>Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology, 13<\/em>(1), 9-27.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"References\">Snyder, S. (1994). Language, movement, and music\u2014Process connections. <em>General Music Today, 7<\/em>(3).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Vocabulary<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"vocab\"><span class=\"vocab\">arts integration<\/span>: an approach to teaching in which students construct and demonstrate understanding through an art form. Students engage in a creative process, which connects an art form and another subject area and meets evolving objectives in both<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"vocab\"><span class=\"vocab\">leitmotif<\/span>: a recurrent theme throughout a musical or literary composition, associated with a particular person, idea, or situation<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"vocab\"><span class=\"vocab\">sound carpet<\/span>: extensive and liberal use of music, sound effects, and character leitmotifs in the performance of a narrative or story<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"vocab\"><span class=\"vocab\">trochee<\/span>: in poetry, a trochee refers to a syllable pattern of stressed-unstressed, or long-short<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div id=\"_idContainer662\">\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Chapter Summary<\/h3>\n<p class=\"ch-title\">This chapter introduces the reader to processes and vocabulary of music integration, including a general definition of arts integration, and strategies and examples for integrating music with other subject areas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"quote\">Musical training is a more potent instrument than any other, because rhythm and harmony find their way into the inward places of the soul.<\/p>\n<p class=\"quote\"><em>\u2014Plato, Republic, Book III<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Arts Integration, when done correctly, transforms both the art and the subject area into a whole greater than the sum of its parts. In short, Arts Integration can be magical, inspiring learning and setting off a spark in each child. Imagine the difference in a child\u2019s learning experience if classroom teachers incorporated the arts into their lesson. From a teaching perspective, artistic experiences help teachers discover their students\u2019 enthusiasm through a new medium. They also aid in creating positive and interesting lessons that fully engage the student. For the student, music not only strengthens emotional and cognitive development, but also allows a new outlet of expression, and a new means of learning through listening and making sound. The arts provide a platform through which teachers can tap into a child\u2019s creativity and humanity while teaching content material. The arts give students an opportunity to express and explore material in a medium to which they might not otherwise have access.<\/p>\n<p>Incorporating music is beneficial to both teacher and student as it strengthens the bond between them through a (hopefully) mutually satisfying aesthetic experience. Teaching and learning occurs between the art forms and any number of diverse subject areas.<\/p>\n<h1>I. What is Arts Integration?<\/h1>\n<p>Let\u2019s begin with a commonly accepted definition of arts integration from the <a href=\"https:\/\/artsedge.kennedy-center.org\/educators.aspx\">Kennedy Center\u2019s ArtsEdge<\/a> website along with a checklist to help guide the teacher in the creation of an integrated lesson.<\/p>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer639\" class=\"picture\">\n<div style=\"width: 798px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181020\/AI-definition-1.png\" alt=\"Description: Description: rts Integration Definition\" width=\"788\" height=\"527\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u201cWhat is Arts Integration?\u201d Courtesy of ArtsEdge, by Lynne Silverstein and Sean Layne. \u00a9 The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts A definition of arts integration<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"caption\">\n<h1 class=\"table-title\">Checklist for an Arts Integrated Lesson<\/h1>\n<p class=\"byline\"><a href=\"http:\/\/artsedge.kennedy-center.org\/educators\/how-to\/arts-integration\/what-is-arts-integration#arts-integration-checklist\">\u201cArts Integration Checklist\u201d<\/a> <em>Courtesy of ArtsEdge, by Lynne Silverstein and Sean Layne. \u00a9 The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts<\/em><\/p>\n<table id=\"table001-11\" class=\"No-Table-Style _idGenTablePara-1\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Approach to Teaching<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"table-list\">Are learning principles of Constructivism (actively built, experiential, evolving, collaborative, problem-solving, and reflective) evident in my lesson?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Understanding<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"table-list\">Are the students engaged in constructing and demonstrating understanding as opposed to just memorizing and reciting knowledge?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Art Form<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"table-list\">Are the students constructing and demonstrating their understanding through an art form?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Creative Process<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"table-list\">Are the students engaged in a process of creating something original as opposed to copying or parroting?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"table-list\">Will the students revise their products?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Connects<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"table-list\">Does the art form connect to another part of the curriculum or a concern\/need?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"table-list\">Is the connection mutually reinforcing?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Evolving Objectives<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"table-list\">Are there objectives in both the art form and another part of the curriculum or a concern\/need?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"table-list\">Have the objectives evolved since the last time the students engaged with this subject matter?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Defining Levels of Integration<\/h2>\n<p>Not all lessons that use the arts can be called \u201cintegrated.\u201d Some lessons incorporate the arts, but do not incorporate the learning objectives and other criteria that fully integrate them, while others follow a deeper level of integration. Silverstein &amp; Layne (2014) identify <a href=\"http:\/\/artsedge.kennedy-center.org\/educators\/how-to\/arts-integration\/what-is-arts-integration\">3 categories of Arts Integration<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Arts as Curriculum<\/strong>\u2014presence of arts teachers in the school teaching art, music, etc. using the state standard goals for their own specific discipline.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Arts-Enhanced Curriculum<\/strong>\u2014using the arts as a device, strategy or \u201chook\u201d to engage students or teach something else (i.e. using the alphabet song to teach the alphabet.) No explicit objectives in the art form are articulated. Does not require teacher training in the arts discipline.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Arts-Integrated Curriculum<\/strong>\u2014Students meet dual-objectives in both the art and the content area. Results in deep understanding about the art form. Teachers require professional development to learn about the arts standards.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>There is nothing wrong about any of these three ways of using the arts, and sometimes it is quite appropriate to use one style over another for various curricular or other reasons. Although integration is a worthy goal, it is sometimes not feasible.<\/p>\n<h4>Using Music in Arts-As-Curriculum<\/h4>\n<p>Most schools still contain music and art teachers, who are valuable assets in providing input regarding art strategies, teaching materials, etc. This is definition of an arts-as-curriculum strategy, where the arts teacher teaches their separate material. Fully integrating the arts requires a time commitment and instructional expertise, but often there isn\u2019t the time, resources, or incentive to fully learn or implement the entire process for a lesson. How might you utilize the music teacher in your school to enhance your lesson? What are some ways to work with the specialists to benefit the student\u2019s learning experience?<\/p>\n<h4>Using Music as Arts-Enhancement<\/h4>\n<p>There are many things to be learned from arts-enhancement as well. Using the arts yourself to enhance your lesson provides opportunities for students to experience music during the school day in a non-content related way.<\/p>\n<p>There are ample opportunities for children to experience music in their day, including singing, moving, clapping, or stomping that are not directly related to teaching content area but provide students an alternate form of expression, a chance to re-group and focus, for motivation, learn about proper group and individual expectations and behavior, and to make transitions between subjects and activities. How might you use music to \u201cenhance\u201d a science or language arts lesson? Vocabulary or poetry lesson?<\/p>\n<h4>Sample chart for Arts-Enhancement opportunities<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>Organization\n<ul>\n<li><em>Activity:<\/em> lining up, cleaning up<\/li>\n<li><em>Aesthetic Purpose:<\/em> motivation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Transitions\n<ul>\n<li><em>Activity:<\/em> changing from one activity to another<\/li>\n<li><em>Aesthetic Purpose:<\/em> change of mood, re-focus energy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Rituals\n<ul>\n<li><em>Activity<\/em><em>:<\/em> Greetings\/Hello, goodbye, holiday music<\/li>\n<li><em>Aesthetic Purpose:<\/em> Prepare students mentally, provides stability and repetition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Interstitial\n<ul>\n<li><em>Activity:<\/em> Short break between two subjects or activities<\/li>\n<li><em>Aesthetic Purpose:<\/em> Provide relaxation, moment of expression, and alternate uses for cognitive functioning<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Sample Day that includes Music<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>9:10 Use music before the school day begins\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ritual:<\/em> Set the mood\/change the atmosphere in the room with sound<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>9:20 Students enter and settle in to the room\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ritual:<\/em> \u201cGood Morning,\u201d and\/or movement activity \u201cHead Shoulders\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>9:25 Morning Work, Attendance, Calendar\n<ul>\n<li><em>Organization:<\/em> i.e. \u201cIf you\u2019re ready for _____ clap your hands\u201d (or stomp your feet, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>10:00-10:40 Special (Music, Art, Physical Ed)\n<ul>\n<li><em>Transition:<\/em> Focus for Math<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>10:45 Math Stations\n<ul>\n<li><em>Organization:<\/em> Line up for Lunch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>11:30 Lunch\n<ul>\n<li><em>Transition:<\/em> Focus ready for reading<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>12:10-12:50 Reading\/Literacy Stations\n<ul>\n<li><em>Interstitial:<\/em> Break song\/movement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>12:50-1:30 Writing\n<ul>\n<li><em>Interstitial:<\/em> Movement\/song break<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>1:30-2:10 Social Studies\/Science\/Health\n<ul>\n<li><em>Transition:<\/em> Movement activity\/song<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>2:10-2:25 Snack\/Play time\n<ul>\n<li><em>Organization:<\/em> Focus: Line up for Library or Lab<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>2:25-3:05 Computer Lab or Library\n<ul>\n<li><em>Transition<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3:10 Pickup and pack-up\n<ul>\n<li><em>Organization:<\/em> \u201cClean up song\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3:15 Dismissal\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ritual:<\/em> \u201cGoodbye\u201d song<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5>Song Examples (see Chapter 11 for more examples from this list)<\/h5>\n<p>(Substitute any subject such as math, reading, physical education, art, instead of music, and any action instead of \u201cstand on up\u201d or \u201cclap your hands.\u201d)<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"song-title\">If You\u2019re Ready for Music<\/h1>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer640\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181022\/12_01_If_Youre_Ready_For_Music3-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer641\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181024\/12_01_If_Youre_Ready_For_Music4-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer642\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181027\/12_01_If_Youre_Ready_For_Music5-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Janet Elder, in her article on \u201cBrain Friendly Music in the Classroom\u201d (n.d.), suggests the following reasons to incorporate music into the classroom:<\/p>\n<p>Reasons for using music in the classroom can be divided into four groups:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Music\u2019s effect on the physical body and brain<\/li>\n<li>Music\u2019s effect on the emotional body<\/li>\n<li>Music\u2019s effect on the physical and learning environment<\/li>\n<li>Music\u2019s effect on group coherence and intimacy<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>For example, as mentioned in Chapter 11, music\u2019s beats per minute (b.p.m.) or tempo, has a direct impact on the human body.<\/p>\n<p>Elder also goes on to suggest specific songs to use for different classroom situations, such as playing classical music during individual or group work or \u201cGet Up Offa That Thing\u201d by James Brown for stretch breaks. There are many, many different types of songs and places to use them when working with children, and the inclusion of music in the daily routine can improve transitions and the overall mood of a classroom.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"table-title\">Class Times When Music Is Appropriate<\/h1>\n<p class=\"byline\"><em>Source: adapted from Elder (n.d.) \u201c<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/letsgetengaged.wikispaces.com\/file\/view\/Music.pdf\">Using Brain-Friendly Music in the Classroom<\/a><em>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<table id=\"table002-7\" class=\"No-Table-Style _idGenTablePara-1\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Class Activity<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Musical qualities to look for in song selection<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Song examples<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">As students enter class.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Select loose, upbeat, uplifting music, or music that pertains in some way to the course or topic that day. Songs with humor also start the class on the right foot.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cStar Wars,\u201d \u201cSummon the Heroes\u201d and other John Williams\u2019 Olympic music, \u201cWalk Right In\u201d (Rooftop Singers), \u201cThanks for Coming\u201d and \u201cHello, Welcome to the Meeting\u201d (\u201cLaughable Lyrics\u201d CD), and \u201cThe More We Get Together\u201d (Raffi).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">To welcome students back after a weekend or holiday break<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cHi-Ho, Hi-Ho, It\u2019s Off to Work We Go!\u201d, \u201cThe Flintstones\u201d (\u201cYabba Dabba Do\u201d TV theme, Aron Apping), \u201cMonday, Monday\u201d (Mamas and Papas), \u201cReveille\u201d bugle call (\u201cAuthentic Sound Effects, Vol. 3\u201d).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">To comment on the weather.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">On a rainy day:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"table-list\">\u201cRaindrops Keep Falling on My Head\u201d (B.J. Thomas), \u201cHere Comes That Rainy Day Feeling Again\u201d (The Fortunes), \u201cCome Clean\u201d (Hilary Duff).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"table-text\">For sunny days:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"table-list\">\u201cIt\u2019s a Beautiful Morning\u201d (The Rascals), \u201cGood Day Sunshine\u201d (The Tremeloes), or \u201cWalking on Sunshine\u201d (Katrina and The Waves).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">To get students on their feet.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Students need a change after 15-20 minutes of sitting. Use any of these when you want to have them stand up to stretch, change where they are sitting, or move for some other reason.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cGet on Your Feet\u201d (Gloria Estefan), \u201cLine Up\u201d (Aerosmith), \u201cStand Up!\u201d (David Lee Roth), \u201c1-2-3-4\u201d (Ataris), \u201cUp!\u201d (Shania Twain), \u201cGet Up Offa That Thing\u201d (James Brown),\u201cArkansas Traveler\u201d (\u201cSmokey Mountain Hits\u201d CD)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">As students are moving into collaborative groups.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Look for songs with themes of friends, help, or general encouragement.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cHelp,\u201d (Beatles), \u201cWe Can Work It Out,\u201d (Beatles), \u201cYou\u2019ve Got a Friend\u201d (Carol King), \u201cLean on Me\u201d (Bill Withers), \u201cReach Out\u201d (The Four Tops), \u201cI\u2019m into Something Good\u201d (Herman\u2019s Hermits), \u201cCall Me\u201d (Blondie), \u201cYou Can Make It if You Try\u201d (James Brown).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">After a pair-share review <em>(Students make the immediate connection between these songs and having to recall\/review material)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Select songs with titles or lyrics that include \u201cremember,\u201d \u201cmemory,\u201detc.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cThanks for the Memories\u201d (Bob Hope and Shirley Ross), \u201cAlways Something There to Remind Me\u201d (Naked Eyes), \u201cUnforgettable\u201d (Peggy Lee)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">As low background music when students are working in small groups, in pairs, or individually, or when they are taking a test.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">The volume should be low enough that you could speak at a conversational level without raising your voice. The music should act as a filter for unwanted noise and help create a relaxed, mentally alert state. If any student objects to background music, you should not use it. However, if the entire class likes background music, try to play the same baroque music during the test that was used during the original presentation of the material: it acts as an auditory memory cue.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cWater Music Suite\u201d (Handel), \u201cBrandenberg Concertos\u201d (Bach), \u201cEine Kleine Nachtmusik\u201d (Mozart), and music by Telemann, Vivaldi, or Corelli in a major key. Soft piano or violin concertos with orchestral accompaniments work well.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">To use music to create positive stress or add drama<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cJames Bond Suite\u201d (Henry Rabinowitz and the RCA Orchestra), \u201cLaw and Order\u201d (TV theme), \u201cJeopardy\u201d (TV theme); \u201cMission Impossible\u201d (TV theme); \u201cJaws\u201d (movie theme, John Williams), \u201cIn the Hall of the Mountain King\u201d (from \u201cPeer Gynt\u201d by Grieg)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">To energize students or have them physically move:<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Select highly rhythmic music in a major key or any upbeat music or song. Beats per minute should be 70-140.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cShake It Up\u201d (The Cars), \u201cFun, Fun, Fun\u201d (Beach Boys), \u201cBonanza\u201d (TV theme), \u201cListen to the Music\u201d (Doobie Brothers), \u201cWe Got the Beat\u201d (Go-Gos),<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">To relax or calm students, to use for stretching, or activities such as reflection, journaling, and visualization.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Beats per minute should be 40-60.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cThe Lake House\u201d (movie theme; Rachel Portman), \u201cChariots of Fire\u201d (Vangelis), \u201cThe Reivers\u201d (movie theme), \u201cPeaceful, Easy Feeling\u201d (Eagles);<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">To celebrate successes or to honor students.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cOlympic Fanfare\u201d (John Williams), \u201cIn the Zone\u201d (David Banner), \u201cI Just Want to Celebrate\u201d (Rare Earth), \u201cCelebrate\u201d (Three Dog Night), \u201cCelebration\u201d (Kool and the Gang), \u201cWe Are the Champions\u201d (Queen).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">To end class:<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Select upbeat, fun, or funny music; lyrics may pertain to leaving.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">\u201cNever Can Say Goodbye\u201d (Gloria Gaynor), \u201cSo Long, Farewell\u201d (from \u201cThe Sound of Music\u201d), \u201cWho Let the Dogs Out\u201d (Baja Men), \u201cHappy Trails\u201d (Roy Rogers\/Dale Evans).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">For other purposes.<\/p>\n<p class=\"table-text\">Beginning of class<\/p>\n<p class=\"table-text\">Encouragement, motivation, support:<\/p>\n<p class=\"table-text\"><em>Funny, and therefore stress-reducing<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1>II. Using Music in Arts-Integration<\/h1>\n<p>An arts integrated lesson plan will be similar to a regular lesson plan, with the exception that it will have a place for <em>both<\/em> the arts learning objectives as well as the objectives for the content area, and will allow students the opportunity to construct understanding through both disciplines.<\/p>\n<p>Consider that you have to create a lesson plan to celebrate the Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday. It is, of course, nice to add a song somewhere in the lesson, perhaps a song from the Civil Rights Movement. This does not make the lesson integrated, but rather an Arts-Enhanced-Curriculum as discussed above. Integration requires that there be music objectives as well as subject area objectives, and that both subjects are treated equally. Keep in mind that <em>any lesson can be made into an arts-integrated one<\/em>, by simply delving in deeper to the art form itself to find structural details and meaning from which to draw. To make a lesson integrated, it is necessary to include social science or history goals and objectives as well as musical information, goals and objectives. For example, including information about the song that incorporates the music itself (form, timbre, melody, rhythm, etc.), while discussing the genre of civil rights songs itself.<\/p>\n<p>To demonstrate a deeper understanding of the tenets and issues of Civil Rights, social science connections can be made not only to slavery in the previous century, but to the pro-union struggle in the earlier part of the 20th century. Students could demonstrate their understanding of Martin Luther King\u2019s leadership and the famous marches of the 60s through song by recreating the march on Washington, DC while singing a civil rights song (\u201cWe Shall Not be Moved,\u201d \u201cThis Little Light of Mine,\u201d \u201cWe Shall Overcome,\u201d etc.)The types of songs used for demonstrations could be analyzed, including their roots in the pro-union movement, gospel and religious music, and\/or the use of call and response in the songs, which dates back to slavery and early African-American culture, and particularly how music was used during the protests. A follow-up might focus on blues, jazz and other genres inspired by the music of the Civil Rights movement.<\/p>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-2\">\n<div class=\"Blurb\">\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Activity 12a: try this<\/h3>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-2\">\n<div class=\"Blurb\">\n<p class=\"lm-try\">\n<p class=\"activity-content\">Which one of these examples represents Arts as Curriculum, Arts-Enhanced Curriculum, and an Arts-Integrated Curriculum?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Students sing a song they learned in music class for a school assembly<\/li>\n<li>Students have to explain how sequential groupings work in math and music<\/li>\n<li>Students learn the song \u201c50 Nifty United States\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"lm-try\"><strong><span class=\"subtitle\">Now try this<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Students complete a unit on the lifecycle of a caterpillar. How might this lesson be changed to reflect an Arts-Enhanced lesson? Arts-integration? Arts as Curriculum?<\/li>\n<li>Create your own examples of the three types of curriculum.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"activity\">Music Integration with Core Subjects: Vocabulary, Concepts, and Learning Standards<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In order to successfully create arts integrated lessons, begin with the state learning standards in the content area in which you are working, then consider the art form you will be using. Explore vocabulary that may help you to work between the two disciplines. Below are two examples of vocabulary lists from <a href=\"http:\/\/educationcloset.com\/\">Education Closet<\/a>, a website dedicated to integration and innovation in teaching.<\/p>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-2\">\n<div class=\"Blurb\">\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>activity 12b: try this<\/h3>\n<p class=\"lm-try\">\n<p class=\"activity-content\">Review the vocabulary lists below. Identify which terms work best for music instruction. Select three of the terms from either list and give an example of how you might use that term to illustrate music concepts in addition to either a math or literacy concept.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"table-title\">Arts Literacy: Common Vocabulary<\/h1>\n<p class=\"byline\"><em>Source: Susan Riley,<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/educationcloset.com\/2013\/02\/28\/are-you-trans-literate\/\">Education Closet<\/a><\/p>\n<table id=\"table003-6\" class=\"No-Table-Style _idGenTablePara-1\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Grade<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Shared Vocabulary between Literacy and the Arts<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">K<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Illustrations, illustrator, listen, setting, space, title, beginning, end.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">1<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Audience, character, collaborate, connections, expression, fluent, phrase, plot, segment, sequence.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">2<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Analyze, compare, contrast, expression, genre, introduction, point of view, rhythm.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">3<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Audience, comparative, dialogue, effect, line, mood, narrator, plot, point of view, scene, stanza, theme.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">4<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Animations, categorize, drama, elements, meter, narration, pose, stage direction, theme, verse.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">5<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Analyze, compare, conclude, contrast, dialect, dialogue, evaluate, expression, fluent, influence, interpret, mood, multimedia, perspective, perspective, reflection, theme, tone, voice.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">6<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Bias, convey, elaborate, interpret, multimedia, perceive, point of view.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">7<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Alternate, analyze, audience, categorize, collaborate, composition, concept, embellish, exposure, format, function, interact, medium, mood, segment, structure, tone, unique.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">8<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Analyze, bias, characterization, elaborate, evaluate, imagery, point of view, style, symbolism, theme.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">9 and 10<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Bias, coherence, clarity, comedy, character motivation, diction, dynamic, monologue, mood, plot structure, purpose, soliloquy, theme, tone, tragedy, digital media, quality.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">11 and 12<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Context, diction, digital media, nuance, perspective, satire, structure, style, subplot, subtle, theme, voice.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1 class=\"table-title\">Math and the Arts: Common Vocabulary<\/h1>\n<p class=\"byline\"><em>Source: Susan Riley,<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/educationcloset.com\/2013\/03\/01\/speaking-a-common-math-language\/\">Education Closet<\/a><\/p>\n<table id=\"table004-3\" class=\"No-Table-Style _idGenTablePara-1\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Grade<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Shared Vocabulary between Literacy and the Arts<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">K<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Compare, opposite, before, different, similar, object, measure, pattern, curves, slide.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">1<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Similar, object, symbol, group, pattern, compare, half, describe, side, size, parallel, curves, slide, turn.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">2<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Form, sequence, pattern, group, interpret, symbol, slide, reflect, turn, measure, three-dimensional, line of symmetry, intersect.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">3<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Expression, form, product, length, symbol, combinations, weight, angle, symmetry, line, dimensions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">4<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Comparison, expression, produce, symmetry, measure, length, interpret, frequency, distance, lines.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">5<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Patterns, form, expression, variation, inverse, sequence, symbol, product, ratio, part, whole, quarter, half, organize, arrange, scale, line, distance, vertical, diagonal, horizontal, symmetry, transformation.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">6<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Scale, measure, compose, symbol, expression, grid, collection, interval, simulation, symmetry.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">7<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Point, area, proportion, analyze, compose, notation, expression, value, range, scale, drawings.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">8<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Expression, value, notation, frequency, non-linear, rigid, symmetry.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">9 and 10<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Expression, notation, properties, model, measure, acceleration, scale, direction, structure, value, range, vary, inverse, frequency.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">11 and 12<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-text\">Linear, range, oblique, measure, symmetry, composition, variation, velocity, arc, chord.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1>III. Generating Ideas for Integrated Lessons<\/h1>\n<p>The following grid offers a process for generating integration ideas using music, particularly in making connections across the disciplines. The first row of the grid contains an example of how to generate ideas from a musical concept.<\/p>\n<h5>Concept(s)\/Grade<\/h5>\n<p>Begin by selecting one music concept to work with. In the first column of the grid below, the word \u201cstaff\u201d is written. The lesson is to teach the musical staff to 2nd grade students.<\/p>\n<h5>Objectives<\/h5>\n<p>What are your main objectives for the lesson? What should children be able to do by the end of the lesson that they couldn\u2019t do at the beginning? Note: \u201cSWBAT\u201d stands for \u201cStudents Will Be Able To.\u201d<\/p>\n<h5>Activities<\/h5>\n<p>What activities could you use to teach the staff? Where would you begin? You might begin by teaching the line and space notes for the treble staff (EGBDF and FACE), and teaching the mnemonics that accompany those note names (i.e. E-Every; G-Good; B-Boy; D-Deserves; F-Fudge). Even at this point, writing the lines on the board, on a smart board, PPT, or even making lines on the floor with tape can be a visual accompaniment to the lesson, and help students learn through body movement as well as visual learning.<\/p>\n<h5>Integration Ideas<\/h5>\n<p>How might you integrate this concept using different core subject areas? What higher order thinking skills, or vocabulary? Look at the second grade Vocabulary grid above from Education Closet concerning math and the arts and Music and Literacy and select the most appropriate terms to apply to the lesson:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>(Math and the Arts) Form, Sequence, Pattern, Group<\/li>\n<li>(Arts Literacy) Analyze, Compare, Contrast<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Common Core Learning Standards<\/h5>\n<p>Now refer to the earlier chapter in the book to find the appropriate common core learning standards for the lesson.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"table-title\">Idea Generator: Concept, Objectives, Activities, Integration, Standards<\/h1>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-2\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer645\" class=\"picture\">\n<table id=\"table005-2\" class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Music Concept<\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Grade<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Objectives<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Activities<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Integration (connections, constructivism, creative process, understanding)<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Learner\/<\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Common Core Standard<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<p class=\"table-large\">Ex. Concept: Reading the Music Staff<\/p>\n<p class=\"table-large\">Grade: 2nd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<p class=\"table-small\">SWBAT identify pitches on lines of the treble staff<\/p>\n<p class=\"table-small\">SWBAT analyze the correlation of skipping and sequential regarding the pitches on the treble staff.<\/p>\n<p class=\"table-small\">SWBAT understand correlations across disciplines of math, literacy and music between sequential movement and skipping movement<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<p class=\"table-small\">Review (or teach) the pitches of the treble staff, first using sequential alphabet letters, then using the acronyms EGBDF, and FACE.<\/p>\n<p class=\"table-small\">Create huge lines of treble staff on the floor using masking tape. Mark each line or space with large letters for each note.<\/p>\n<p class=\"table-small\"><em>Movement<\/em>: Have students physically move across the floor staff, first <em>sequentially<\/em> and then <em>skipping<\/em> line to line and space to space, reciting the letters as they go.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<p class=\"table-small\"><em>Literacy<\/em>: <em>Analyze<\/em> the letters EGBDF as a mnemonic for \u201cEvery Good Boy Deserve Fudge.\u201d Brainstorm, having students create their own acronyms for EGBDF and FACE.<\/p>\n<p class=\"table-small\"><em>Compare<\/em> and <em>contrast<\/em> the pitch names on the staff with the letters of the alphabet. Which direction do they go? What are the differences between letters of the alphabet and music pitch names?<\/p>\n<p class=\"table-small\"><em>Math<\/em>: Discuss the <em>form<\/em> of the staff. Is there a <em>pattern<\/em>? What is it? Does it <em>alternate<\/em> (skip)? Is it sequential (all in a row)?<\/p>\n<p class=\"table-small\"><em>Math, Music and Literacy<\/em>: (EGBDF) . Have students count <em>sequentially<\/em>. <em>Sequence<\/em> the letter names by saying them in a row (EFGABC). Then create a <em>pattern<\/em> by skipping every other letter of the alphabet (B \u2013 D \u2013 F or A \u2013 C \u2013 E). Then correlate with math by switching to numbers. Practice grouping by 2s.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<p class=\"table-small\">Bodily-Kinesthetic, Visual-spatial\/Creating, Performing, Participating<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<p class=\"table-large\">1. Concept: Rhythm: Eighth and Quarter notes<\/p>\n<p class=\"table-large\">Grade: Kindergarten<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<p class=\"table-large\">2. Melody: Pitch<\/p>\n<p class=\"table-large\">Grade: 4th<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<p class=\"table-large\">3. Timbre: Voice<\/p>\n<p class=\"table-large\">Grade: 1st<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"table-title\">Idea Generator (blank): Concepts, Activities, Materials, Integration<\/h1>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-2\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer646\" class=\"picture\">\n<table id=\"table006-1\" class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Music Concept<\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Grade<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Activities<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Integration (connections, constructivism, creative process, understanding)<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Learner\/<\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Common Core Standard<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style Blue-heading\">\n<h2 class=\"table-heading\">Objectives<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<p class=\"table-large\">1.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<p class=\"table-large\">2.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\">\n<p class=\"table-large\">3.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"No-Table-Style\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Example Integrating Music, Language Arts and Social Studies: \u201cGoober Peas\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>(see also \u201cErie Canal\u201d Lesson Plan in Chapter 6)<\/p>\n<p>Many older songs offer excellent material for integration. For example, the song \u201cGoober Peas\u201d provides students a very inside look at the life of a Confederate soldier during the Civil War. In this case, both the music and lyrics are highly informative, as is the situation in which the song was sung, lending itself to integration through three areas: music, language arts and social sciences.<\/p>\n<h5>Materials:<\/h5>\n<p class=\"lesson-plan\"><span class=\"lesson-sub\">Timeline:<\/span> Civil War history timeline including various battles, Sherman\u2019s March, etc.<\/p>\n<p class=\"lesson-plan\"><span class=\"lesson-sub\">Song:<\/span> \u201cGoober Peas\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"lesson-plan\"><span class=\"lesson-sub\">Text:<\/span> <em>The Personal Story of Life as a Confederate Soldier, \u201cThe Letters of Eli Landers\u201d<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gacivilwar.org\/story\/the-personal-story-of-life-as-a-confederate-soldier\">http:\/\/www.gacivilwar.org\/story\/the-personal-story-of-life-as-a-confederate-soldier<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"song-title\">Goober Peas<\/h1>\n<p class=\"song-notes\">Southern U.S. folk song, 1866<\/p>\n<p class=\"song-notes\">Sung by Confederate soldiers during the Civil War<\/p>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer647\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181029\/12_02_Goober_Peas-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer648\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181030\/12_02_Goober_Peas1-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer649\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181032\/12_02_Goober_Peas2-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer650\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181034\/12_02_Goober_Peas3-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"Centered\">2. When a horse-man passes, the soldiers have a rule<\/p>\n<p class=\"Centered\">To cry out their loudest, \u201cMister here\u2019s your mule!\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"Centered\">But another custom, enchanting-er than these,<\/p>\n<p class=\"Centered\">Is wearing out your grinders, eating goober peas. (refrain)<\/p>\n<p class=\"Centered\">\n<p class=\"Centered\">3. Just before the battle, the General hears a row<\/p>\n<p class=\"Centered\">He says, \u201cThe Yanks are coming, I hear their rifles now\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"Centered\">He turns around in wonder and what d\u2019ya think he sees?<\/p>\n<p class=\"Centered\">The Georgia militia, eating goober peas. (refrain)<\/p>\n<p class=\"Centered\">4. I think my song has lasted almost long enough<\/p>\n<p class=\"Centered\">The subject\u2019s interesting but the rhymes are mighty tough<\/p>\n<p class=\"Centered\">I wish the war was over so free from rags and fleas<\/p>\n<p class=\"Centered\">We\u2019d kiss our wives and sweethearts and gooble goober peas. (refrain)<\/p>\n<h4>Integration Process Questions<\/h4>\n<p>How might you integrate this song beyond that of \u201cArts as Enhancement\u201d? What learning principles will you use? How will students be engaged? Demonstrate their understanding? What will be the processes of creation? What connections to other parts of the curriculum can be made? Are the standards present for both the art and the subject? Go through Silverstein &amp; Layne\u2019s Arts Integration checklist below to see how to incorporate an integrated level of understanding to the lesson.<\/p>\n<h5>Approach to Teaching<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Does the lesson contain learning principles of Constructivism (actively built, experiential, evolving, collaborative, problem-solving, and reflective)?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Understanding<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Are students engaged in constructing and demonstrating understanding knowledge rather than memorizing and reciting?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Art Form<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Are the students constructing and demonstrating their understandings through an art form?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Creative Process<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Are students engaged in a process of creating something original as opposed to copying or parroting?<\/li>\n<li>Will the students revise their products?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Connects<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Does the art form connect to another part of the curriculum or a concern\/need?<\/li>\n<li>Is the connection mutually reinforcing?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Evolving Objectives<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Are there objectives in both the art form and another part of the curriculum or a concern\/need?<\/li>\n<li>Have the objectives evolved since the last time the students engaged with this subject matter? Have the objectives evolved since the last time the students engaged with this subject matter?Have the objectives evolved since the last time the students engaged with this subject matter? (Silverstein &amp; Layne, 2014).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Analysis: Vocabulary and Concepts<\/h5>\n<p>You\u2019ll find an abundance of material to integrate and connect after analyzing both the music, lyrical\/poetic aspects, and social contexts. The musical forms, phrases, harmonies and the poetic structure reveal a great deal of material apart from the content of the lyrics.<\/p>\n<table id=\"table007-1\" class=\"Basic-Table _idGenTablePara-1\">\n<colgroup>\n<col \/>\n<col \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"Basic-Table\">\n<td class=\"Basic-Table Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-large\">Music<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Basic-Table Basic-cell\">\n<p class=\"table-large\">Poetry\/Lyrics<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"Basic-Table\">\n<td class=\"Basic-Table Basic-cell\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"table-list\">Dotted rhythm<\/li>\n<li class=\"table-list\">Verse + refrain<\/li>\n<li class=\"table-list\">4 phrases per verse<\/li>\n<li class=\"table-list\">4 verses in the song<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"Basic-Table Basic-cell\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"table-list\">Long-short long-short (<span class=\"vocab\">trochee<\/span> stressed-unstressed)<\/li>\n<li class=\"table-list\">Ballad style<\/li>\n<li class=\"table-list\">Rhyme scheme (AABB)<\/li>\n<li class=\"table-list\">Narrative story telling\/ballad<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Social Studies<\/h4>\n<p class=\"lesson-plan\"><span class=\"lesson-sub\">Setting:<\/span> Civil War, soldiers resting on the roadside while waiting for orders for the next confrontation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"lesson-plan\"><span class=\"lesson-sub\">Date Written:<\/span> 1866.<\/p>\n<p class=\"lesson-plan\"><span class=\"lesson-sub\">Singers:<\/span> Popular in the South among Confederate Soldiers (losing the war).<\/p>\n<p class=\"lesson-plan\"><span class=\"lesson-sub\">Sentiment:<\/span> Expresses the living conditions of Confederate soldiers and the public, as the war was lost. Sherman\u2019s troops laid waste to much of Georgia, cutting off food supplies.<\/p>\n<h5>Song Vocabulary<\/h5>\n<p>Students may not be familiar with these terms:<\/p>\n<p class=\"def\"><em>Goober Peas<\/em>\u2014another name for boiled peanuts. Eaten by Confederate soldiers during the war when rail lines were cut off, making food and rations scarce.<\/p>\n<p class=\"def\"><em>Messmate<\/em>\u2014a person\/friend in a military camp with which one regularly takes meals.<\/p>\n<p class=\"def\"><em>Grinders<\/em>\u2014teeth.<\/p>\n<p class=\"def\"><em>Row<\/em>\u2014an argument or fight (rhymes with \u201ccow\u201d).<\/p>\n<p class=\"def\"><em>Georgia Militia<\/em>\u2014a militia organized under the British that fought the Union during the Civil War. They fought in Sherman\u2019s devastating \u201cMarch to the Sea\u201d and in the last battle of the Civil War at the Battle of Columbus on the Georgia-Alabama border.<\/p>\n<p class=\"def\"><em>Yanks<\/em>\u2014Refers to \u201cYankees\u201d or Union soldiers of the North.<\/p>\n<p class=\"def\"><em>Rags and fleas<\/em>\u2014Tattered clothing and poor health conditions.<\/p>\n<h4>Activities:<\/h4>\n<p>Sing the song \u201cGoober Peas;\u201d Read some of the letters of Eli Landers.<\/p>\n<h5>Questions to think about (Historical perspectives of soldiers)<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>What conditions did the soldier\u2019s have to endure?<\/li>\n<li>What was happening towards the end of the Civil War?<\/li>\n<li>How do you think they felt during this time? (i.e., anxiousness, anticipation, weariness while waiting by the road).<\/li>\n<li>Overall, what do the lyrics express on behalf of the Confederate soldiers?<\/li>\n<li>What does the reference to the <em>Georgia Militia<\/em> mean in terms of the fighting?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Ideas for Integration<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Constructivism:<\/em> Analyze the music, text, and history (timeline). <em>Reflect<\/em> what it would be like to be a soldier in the Confederacy during the beginning, middle, and end of the Civil War. <em>Problem Solve<\/em> as to how to obtain food after the railroad lines were cut off, strategize as to earlier successes during the war.<\/li>\n<li><em>Student Engagement:<\/em> (historical perspectives). <em>Experience:<\/em> learn and sing the song. Divide into groups and read Eli Landers letters from different years comparing changes in attitude for a confederate soldier over time from the beginning of the war to the end of the war.<\/li>\n<li><em>Art Form:<\/em> <em>Analyze<\/em> by comparing Eli Landers\u2019 letters to the lyrics of the song. What are the differences in historical facts? Sentiment? In terms of the song itself, explore the meaning of the music itself apart from the lyrics\u2014sing the melody of the song on a neutral syllable. What does the melody remind you of? What kind of emotion do you hear in the melody, rhythm and phrasing? Does it seem to complement the lyrics or oppose them? Why might this be the case?<\/li>\n<li><em>Creative Process:<\/em> Work collaboratively to create further verses of the song or write \u201cletters home\u201d that will express the feelings of soldiers facing defeat. Read the letters from home along with singing the new verses of the song.<\/li>\n<li><em>Objectives<\/em> (See below)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>What Learning Standards or Objectives can you incorporate for this lesson for each of the following?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Language Arts\/Social Studies\n<p class=\"ol-alpha2\">a. Language Arts 3: Use knowledge of language and its conventions when speaking, reading, or listening.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ol-alpha2\">b. Writing 3: Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, descriptive details, and clear event sequences.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ol-alpha2\">c. Reading 2: Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text; summarize the text.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>Music National Standards\n<p class=\"ol-alpha2\">a. 1: Singing, alone and with others, a varied repertoire of music.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ol-alpha2\">b. 6: Listening to, analyzing, and describing music.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ol-alpha2\">c. 8: Understanding relationships between music, the other arts, and disciplines outside the arts.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Additional Songs for Integrating History\/Social Studies<\/h2>\n<p>(see also \u201cErie Canal\u201d Lesson Plan in Chapter 6)<\/p>\n<p>Other examples include songs that are informative and contain a long narrative or historical information for students. For example, the song \u201cChristofo Columbo\u201d chronicles much of the famed voyage including detailed geographic references in a fun and light song.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"song-title\">Christofo Columbo (Christopher Columbus)<\/h1>\n<p class=\"song-notes\">Ring Lardner, 1911<\/p>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer651\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181037\/12_03_Christofo_copy-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer652\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181039\/12_03_Christofo_copy1-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer653\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181041\/12_03_Christofo_copy2-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer654\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181043\/12_03_Christofo_copy3-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer655\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181044\/12_03_Christofo_copy4-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"demo\">To the Kings and Queens of Europe, Columbus told his theory,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">They simply thought him crazy, and asked him this here query,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">How could the earth stand up if round, it surely would suspend,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">For answer, C\u2019lumbus took an egg and stood it on its end.<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\"><em>Refrain<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">In Fourteen Hundred and Ninety-two, \u2019twas then Columbus started,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">From Pales on the coast of Spain to the westward he departed,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">His object was to find a route, a short one to East India,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">Columbus wore no whiskers, and the wind it blew quite windy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\"><em>Refrain<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">When Sixty days away from land, upon the broad Atlantic,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">The sailors they went on a strike which nearly caused a panic,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">They all demanded eggs to eat for each man in the crew,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">Columbus had no eggs aboard, but he made the ship lay too.<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\"><em>Refrain<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">The hungry crew impatient grew, and beef-steak they demanded,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">Equal to the emergency, Columbus then commanded<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">That ev\u2019ry sailor who proves true, and his duty never shirks,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">Can have a juicy porterhouse, \u201cI\u2019ll get it from the bulwarks.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\"><em>Refrain<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">Not satisfied with steak and eggs, the crew they yelled for chicken,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">Columbus seemed at a loss for once, and the plot it seemed to thicken,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">The men threatened to jump overboard, Columbus blocked their pathway,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">And cried: \u201cIf chicken you must have, I\u2019ll get it from the hatchway.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\"><em>Refrain<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">The sailors now so long from home with fear became imbued,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">On the twelfth day of October their fears were all subdued,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">For after Ninety days at sea, they discovered America\u2019s shores,<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">And quickly made a landing on the Isle of Salvador.<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\"><em>Refrain<\/em><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"song-title\">When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again<\/h1>\n<p class=\"song-notes\">Patrick Gilmore, 1863<\/p>\n<p class=\"song-notes\">American Civil War song<\/p>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer656\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181046\/12_04_When_Johnny_Comes.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer657\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181048\/12_04_When_Johnny_Comes1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer658\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181050\/12_04_When_Johnny_Comes2.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer659\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181052\/12_04_When_Johnny_Comes3.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"song-title\">Johnny Has Gone for a Soldier<\/h1>\n<p class=\"song-notes\">Traditional English folk song popular during the Revolutionary War<\/p>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer660\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181054\/12_05_Johnny_Has_Gone.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_idGenObjectLayout-1\">\n<div id=\"_idContainer661\" class=\"music-bar\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_idGenObjectAttribute-1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1762\/2017\/06\/20181056\/12_05_Johnny_Has_Gone1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>IV. Music and Literacy\/Language Arts<\/h1>\n<p>Of all of the content area relationships with music, language arts and music have one of the closest bonds. This bond is rooted within the inseparable relationship between lyrics and music that has existed for thousands of years. People in across countless cultures have chanted or sung poetry for all types of human rituals, ceremonies and for entertainment. When we listen to a song, a musical phrase usually accompanies a phrase of lyrics; a verse or refrain emerges from a short poem. For centuries, ballads, and epics were all sung, as were Biblical chants and Vedic hymns. Long stories and epic tales used music to draw in the audience and to help the reciter\u2019s memorization.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, there is an intrinsic relationship in the discrimination of phonemic sounds and musical sounds for children learning to read. Language and music are intertwined to the point where there is evidence of a connection in the brain between phonemic sound discrimination and musical sound discrimination. In a 1993 study, for example, Lamb and Gregory examined the correlation between phonemic and musical sound discrimination for children reading in their first year of school, and discovered that a child\u2019s ability to discriminate musical sounds is directly related to reading performance, primarily due to their awareness of changes in pitch.<\/p>\n<p>This close relationship allows for multiple avenues for integration. The use of music to build characters through sound expression; create tension in the narrative; highlight important moments in the plot, and so forth, are examples of the high compatibility between words and music.<\/p>\n<h2>Creating a \u201cSound Carpet\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>Since music and language have such a close relationship, one of the easiest ways to begin is to combine the two. Creating a <strong><span class=\"vocab\">sound carpet<\/span><\/strong> entails taking a story and adding sound effects, <span class=\"vocab\">leitmotifs<\/span>, instruments, vocal sounds, body percussion, and actors and\/or a narrator, in order to bring literature to life. The goal of a <strong>leitmotif<\/strong> is to help the listener identify the main characters and give each a very short musical pattern, so that every time their name is mentioned, someone plays that pattern. Also, sound effects can be added to enhance the action or bring a fuller meaning or experience. For example, if the story introduces a chiming bell, hit a bell or, for more advanced or older students, play a bell peal on the glockenspiel. Folk tales and fairy tales from around the world are excellent sources for this type of activity<\/p>\n<h5>Characters and Leitmotifs<\/h5>\n<p>To create a <em>sound carpet<\/em>, begin by making a list of the main characters in the story. For example, the story <em>The Princess and the Frog<\/em> has three main characters\u2014the King, Princess and Frog. Sample leitmotifs might look like this:<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">King: (temple blocks and bass xylophone) <span class=\"music-notes\">q ioq q<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">Princess: (glissando on glockenspiels)<\/p>\n<p class=\"demo\">Frog: scrape guiro; hit hand drums <span class=\"music-notes\">q q q<\/span> (say \u201cribbit!\u201d)<\/p>\n<p>Help students create a short phrase or <em>leitmotif<\/em> for each of the main characters\u2014think of <em>Star Wars\u2019<\/em> Darth Vader theme as an example. Every time the name is introduced in the story, their leitmotif should be played. To help the creative process, you might give students a short, simple rhythm to work with to create the motif. Then play the leitmotif on an instrument that helps describe that character. The King\u2019s leitmotif, for example, might be 4 quarter notes played on a trumpet sound on a keyboard, or using an interval of a 5th on any instrument to sound regal and stately.<\/p>\n<h5>Sound effects<\/h5>\n<p>Next identify locations in the story where sound effects can be used. A running stream could be a glissando on a xylophone; thunder can be played with drums; footsteps with a woodblock, etc.<\/p>\n<h5>Body Percussion and Vocals<\/h5>\n<p>Then add body percussion (clapping, stomping) or vocal sounds (moans for wind, yells and whoops) to increase the creativity and excitement level in the story.<\/p>\n<h5>Introduction and Finale<\/h5>\n<p>Add a short song whose lyrics are based on the story, to be sung and played by everyone at the opening and closing of the story.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, assign a narrator, speaking or acting parts, and along with your instruments and sound effects, you have a complete performance that incorporates music composition and creativity along with language arts and theater.<\/p>\n<h1>References (Integration)<\/h1>\n<p class=\"References\">Appel, M. (2006). Arts Integration across the Curriculum. <em>Leadership<\/em>, Nov\/Dec., 14-17.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Burnaford, G., Aprill, A., &amp; Weiss, C. (Eds.). (2001). <em>Renaissance in the classroom: Arts integration and meaningful Learning.<\/em> Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Elder, J. (n.d.) Brain-friendly music in the classroom. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thereadingprof.com\">www.thereadingprof.com<\/a> retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/letsgetengaged.wikispaces.com\/file\/view\/Music.pdf\">https:\/\/letsgetengaged.wikispaces.com\/file\/view\/Music.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Goldbert, M,. &amp; Bossenmeyer, M. (1998). Shifting the role of arts in education. <em>Principal.<\/em> 77, 56-58.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Gullatt, D. (2008). Enhancing student learning through arts integration: implications for the profession. <em>The High School Journal,<\/em> <em>85<\/em>,12-24.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Ingram, D., &amp; Riedel, E. (2003). <em>What does arts integration do for students?<\/em> (CAREI Research Reports). Minneapolis, MN: Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvemen<em>t.<\/em> Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http:\/\/purl.umn.edu\/144121<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Ingram, D., &amp; Meath, M. (2007). <em>Arts for academic achievement: A compilation of evaluation findings from 2004-2006<\/em>.\u00a0Minneapolis, MN: Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement<em>.<\/em> Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http:\/\/purl.umn.edu\/143647<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Jenson, E. (2002). Teach the arts for reasons beyond the research. <em>The Education Digest,<\/em> <em>67<\/em>(6), 47-53.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Koutsoupidou, T., &amp; D. J. , Hargreaves. (2009). An experimental study of the effects of improvisation on the development of children\u2019s creative thinking in music. <em>Psychology of Music,<\/em> <em>3<\/em>, 251.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Luftig, R. (2000). An investigation of an arts infusion program on creative thinking, academic achievement, affective functioning, and arts appreciation of children at three grade levels.\u00a0<em>Studies in Art Educatio,<\/em>: 208-227.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Mishook, J., &amp; Kornhaber, M. (2006). Arts integration in an era of Accountability. <em>Arts Education Policy Review, 107<\/em>(4), 3-10.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Moore, D. (2013). Make art not the servant. Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/educationcloset.com\/2013\/02\/27\/make-not-art-the-servant\/\">http:\/\/educationcloset.com\/2013\/02\/27\/make-not-art-the-servant\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Rabkin, N., &amp; Redmons, R. (2006). The arts make a difference. <em>Educational Leadership, 63<\/em>(5), 60-64.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Riley, S. (2012). <em>Shake the sketch: An arts integration workbook<\/em>. Westminster, MD: Author.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Ruppert, S. (2006). <em>Critical evidence\u2014How the arts benefit student achievement<\/em>. National Assembly of State Arts Agencies. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.nasaa-arts.org\/Research\/Key-Topics\/Arts-Education\/critical-evidence.pdf.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Silverstein, L. &amp; Layne, S. (2014). \u201cWhat is Arts Integration?\u201d <em>ArtsEdge.Kennedy-Center.org<\/em>. http:\/\/artsedge.kennedy-center.org\/educators\/how-to\/arts-integration\/what-is-arts-integration<\/p>\n<h1>References (Music and Literacy)<\/h1>\n<p class=\"References\">Butzlaff, R. (2000). Can music be used to teach reading?\u00a0<em>Journal of Aesthetic Education,<\/em> 167-178.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Cardany, A. (2013). Nursery rhymes in music and language literacy. <em>General Music Today,<\/em> 26(2), 30-36.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Carger, C. (2004). Art and literacy with bilingual children.\u00a0<em>Language Arts<\/em>, <em>4<\/em>, 283-292.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Darrow, A. A. (2008). Music and Literacy. <em>General Music Today, 21<\/em>(2), 32-34.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Fisher, D., McDonald, N, &amp; Strickland, J. (2001). Early literacy development: A sound practice. <em>General Music Today, 14<\/em>(3), 15-20.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Lamb, S., &amp; Gregory, A. (1993). The relationship between music and reading in beginning readers. <em>Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology, 13<\/em>(1), 9-27.<\/p>\n<p class=\"References\">Snyder, S. (1994). Language, movement, and music\u2014Process connections. <em>General Music Today, 7<\/em>(3).<\/p>\n<h1>Vocabulary<\/h1>\n<p class=\"vocab\"><span class=\"vocab\">arts integration<\/span>: an approach to teaching in which students construct and demonstrate understanding through an art form. Students engage in a creative process, which connects an art form and another subject area and meets evolving objectives in both<\/p>\n<p class=\"vocab\"><span class=\"vocab\">leitmotif<\/span>: a recurrent theme throughout a musical or literary composition, associated with a particular person, idea, or situation<\/p>\n<p class=\"vocab\"><span class=\"vocab\">sound carpet<\/span>: extensive and liberal use of music, sound effects, and character leitmotifs in the performance of a narrative or story<\/p>\n<p class=\"vocab\"><span class=\"vocab\">trochee<\/span>: in poetry, a trochee refers to a syllable pattern of stressed-unstressed, or long-short<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1888\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Music and the Child. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Natalie Sarrazin. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: SUNY College at Brockport. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/textbooks.opensuny.org\/music-and-the-child\/\">https:\/\/textbooks.opensuny.org\/music-and-the-child\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Open SUNY Textbooks. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":19,"menu_order":12,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Music and the Child\",\"author\":\"Natalie Sarrazin\",\"organization\":\"SUNY College at Brockport\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/textbooks.opensuny.org\/music-and-the-child\/\",\"project\":\"Open SUNY Textbooks\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1888","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":21,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1888","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1888\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1986,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1888\/revisions\/1986"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/21"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1888\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1888"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1888"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}