{"id":1918,"date":"2017-06-20T18:12:00","date_gmt":"2017-06-20T18:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/chapter\/chapter-13-musical-multiculturalism-and-diversity-3\/"},"modified":"2017-09-12T15:29:56","modified_gmt":"2017-09-12T15:29:56","slug":"chapter-13-musical-multiculturalism-and-diversity-3","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-music-and-the-child\/chapter\/chapter-13-musical-multiculturalism-and-diversity-3\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 13: Musical Multiculturalism and Diversity","rendered":"Chapter 13: Musical Multiculturalism and Diversity"},"content":{"raw":"
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Chapter Summary<\/h3>\r\nAs part of 21st century teaching and common core state standards, it is important to \u201cteach to reach\u201d\u2014in other words, organizing your materials and presentation to reach as many children as possible in as many possible ways. We\u2019ve discussed many ways of teaching in this book, and this section concerns teaching multicultural material and teaching to culturally diverse learners. This chapter will look at the history of multiculturalism and diversity education, the field of ethnomusicology, and strategies for teaching using multicultural music aesthetics. It also includes case studies from several different culture areas.<\/div>\r\n \r\n
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Music, as a diverse human practice, is central to the constitution of cultural and individual identities.<\/p>\r\n

\u2014David Elliot, Music Matters<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n

I. Multicultural\/Diversity Education<\/h1>\r\n

A Brief History of Multiculturalism in the U.S.<\/h2>\r\nThe United States has always been a multicultural nation. Throughout its history, however, the country\u2019s majority population has struggled with how to accept different cultures and cultural perspectives of different minority populations. For centuries, tensions and debates revolve around the less dominant group (subaltern<\/span>) vying for equality within the dominant culture. Should immigrant groups keep their culture (language, food, dress, customs), an idea known as pluralism<\/strong>, or try to blend in with the culture of the dominant group, an idea referred to as assimilation<\/strong> or metaphorically as the melting po<\/strong>t? These ideas and debates developed from waves of immigration into the U.S., when African slaves in the 1700s and an influx of European immigrants in the 1800s who were brought in to work as laborers, began to threaten the dominant Anglo-Saxon, Protestant population.\r\n\r\nImmigrants were encouraged to acculturate<\/span> <\/strong>as quickly as they could\u2014meaning that they must learn a new language, giving up traditions, customs, heritage, etc., in order to blend and assimilate<\/span> <\/strong>into the general population.\r\n\r\nSome groups, however, had a very difficult time \u201cmelting,\u201d particularly people of color. The concepts of multiculturalism<\/span><\/strong> or cultural pluralism<\/span><\/strong> developed partially to create a climate which encouraged understanding the differences between cultural groups. Gold (1977) offers a reason for this when he writes: \u201c\u2026multiculturalism equates with the respect shown the varied cultures and ethnic groups which have built the United States and which continue today to contribute to its richness and diversity\u201d (p. 18).\r\n\r\nWith its roots in ethnic and racial groups in the U.S., the idea of multiculturalism is now paired with the concept of diversity, in which all types of groups and individual identities are included (i.e., gender, religion, age, physical attributes, ability). This inclusive nature has broadened the scope, and contributes towards a greater pedagogical understanding.\r\n

Why teach Multiculturally?<\/h2>\r\nThere are many reasons for the inclusion of diversity in education, not the least of which is a mandated curriculum in many school districts. This aside, however, there are pressing 21st century learning issues that demand multicultural teaching material. Rapidly changing populations in the U.S. will dramatically alter the demographics for the remainder of the century. Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, African Americans, and Americans of mixed ethnicity will become the majority in the near future.\r\n
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\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"357\"]\"Description: Source: Natalie Sarrazin Three ethnically mixed seven-year-old boys: Hispanic-American, African-German, Indian-American.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThinking in multiple dimensions will not only be an asset, but indispensable. Luckily, the ubiquitous nature of music and arts as an expressive form found in all cultures, allows for extensive exchanges of ideas from all corners of the globe.\r\n

Rationale for Teaching Multiculturally<\/h2>\r\n

Teaching Multiculturally Is\u2026<\/h4>\r\nInclusive:<\/em> It provides an opportunity for expression on behalf of many different groups that might otherwise not be represented.\r\n