{"id":1421,"date":"2017-07-07T21:11:24","date_gmt":"2017-07-07T21:11:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/astronomy\/?post_type=chapter&p=1421"},"modified":"2017-07-25T20:38:02","modified_gmt":"2017-07-25T20:38:02","slug":"for-further-exploration-the-evolution-and-distribution-of-galaxies","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ncc-astronomy\/chapter\/for-further-exploration-the-evolution-and-distribution-of-galaxies\/","title":{"raw":"For Further Exploration: The Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies","rendered":"For Further Exploration: The Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies"},"content":{"raw":"

Articles<\/h3>\r\nAndrews, B. \"What Are Galaxies Trying to Tell Us?\" Astronomy<\/em> (February 2011): 24. Introduction to our understanding of the shapes and evolution of different types of galaxies.\r\n\r\nBarger, A. \"The Midlife Crisis of the Cosmos.\" Scientific American<\/em> (January 2005): 46. On how our time differs from the early universe in terms of what galaxies are doing, and what role supermassive black holes play.\r\n\r\nBerman, B. \"The Missing Universe.\" Astronomy<\/em> (April 2014): 24. Brief review of dark matter, what it could be, and modified theories of gravity that can also explain it.\r\n\r\nFaber, S., et al. \"Staring Back to Cosmic Dawn.\" Sky & Telescope<\/em> (June 2014): 18. Program to see the most distant and earliest galaxies with the Hubble.\r\n\r\nGeller, M., & Huchra, J. \"Mapping the Universe.\" Sky & Telescope<\/em> (August 1991): 134. On their project mapping the location of galaxies in three dimensions.\r\n\r\nHooper, D. \"Dark Matter in the Discovery Age.\" Sky & Telescope<\/em> (January 2013): 26. On experiments looking for the nature of dark matter.\r\n\r\nJames, C. R. \"The Hubble Deep Field: The Picture Worth a Trillion Stars.\" Astronomy<\/em> (November 2015): 44. Detailed history and results, plus the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field.\r\n\r\nKaufmann, G., & van den Bosch, F. \"The Life Cycle of Galaxies.\" Scientific American<\/em> (June 2002): 46. On the evolution of galaxies and how the different shapes of galaxies develop.\r\n\r\nKnapp, G. \"Mining the Heavens: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey.\" Sky & Telescope<\/em> (August 1997): 40.\r\n\r\nKron, R., & Butler, S. \"Stars and Strips Forever.\" Astronomy<\/em> (February 1999): 48. On the Sloan Digital Survey.\r\n\r\nKruesi, L. \"What Do We Really Know about Dark Matter?\" Astronomy<\/em> (November 2009): 28. Focuses on what dark matter could be and experiments to find out.\r\n\r\nLarson, R., & Bromm, V. \"The First Stars in the Universe.\" Scientific American<\/em> (December 2001): 64. On the dark ages and the birth of the first stars.\r\n\r\nNadis, S. \"Exploring the Galaxy-Black Hole Connection.\" Astronomy<\/em> (May 2010): 28. About the role of massive black holes in the evolution of galaxies.\r\n\r\nNadis, S. \"Astronomers Reveal the Universe\u2019s Hidden Structure.\" Astronomy<\/em> (September 2013): 44. How dark matter is the scaffolding on which the visible universe rests.\r\n\r\nSchilling, G. \"Hubble Goes the Distance.\" Sky & Telescope<\/em> (January 2015): 20. Using gravitational lensing with HST to see the most distant galaxies.\r\n\r\nStrauss, M. \"Reading the Blueprints of Creation.\" Scientific American<\/em> (February 2004): 54. On large-scale surveys of galaxies and what they tell us about the organization of the early universe.\r\n\r\nTytell, D. \"A Wide Deep Field: Getting the Big Picture.\" Sky & Telescope<\/em> (September 2001): 42. On the NOAO survey of deep sky objects.\r\n\r\nVillard, R. \"How Gravity\u2019s Grand Illusion Reveals the Universe.\" Astronomy<\/em> (January 2013): 44. On gravitational lensing and what it teaches us.\r\n

Websites<\/h3>\r\nAssembly of Galaxies<\/a>: Introductory background information about galaxies: what we know and what we want to learn.\r\n\r\nBrief History of Gravitational Lensing<\/a>: From Einstein OnLine.\r\n\r\nCosmic Structures<\/a>: Brief review page on how galaxies are organized, from the Sloan Survey.\r\n\r\nDiscovery of the First Gravitational Lens<\/a>: By Ray Weymann, 2009.\r\n\r\nGravitational Lensing Discoveries from the Hubble Space Telescope<\/a>: A chronological list of news releases and images.\r\n\r\nLocal Group of Galaxies<\/a>: Clickable map from the Atlas of the Universe project. See also their Virgo Cluster page<\/a>.\r\n\r\nRotCurve<\/a>: Try your hand at using real galaxy rotation curve data to measure dark matter halos using this Java applet simulation.\r\n\r\nSloan Digital Sky Survey Website<\/a>: Includes nontechnical and technical parts.\r\n\r\nSpyglasses into the Universe<\/a>: Hubble page on gravitational lensing; includes links to videos.\r\n\r\nVirgo Cluster of Galaxies<\/a>: A page with brief information and links to maps, images, etc.\r\n

Videos<\/h3>\r\nCosmic Simulations<\/a>: Beautiful videos with computer simulations of how galaxies form, from the FIRE group.\r\n\r\nCosmology of the Local Universe<\/a>: Narrated flythrough of maps of galaxies showing the closer regions of the universe (17:35).\r\n\r\nGravitational Lensing: Video from Fermilab, with Dr. Don Lincoln (7:14).\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/4Z71RtwoOas\r\n\r\nHow Galaxies Were Cooked from the Primordial Soup: A 2013 public talk by Dr. Sandra Faber of Lick Observatory about the evolution of galaxies; part of the Silicon Valley Astronomy Lecture Series (1:19:33).\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/wqNNCm7SNyw\r\n\r\nHubble Extreme Deep Field Pushes Back Frontiers of Time and Space: Brief 2012 video (2:42).\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/gu_VhzhlqGw\r\n\r\nLooking Deeply into the Universe in 3-D<\/a>: 2015 ESOCast video on how the Very Large Telescopes are used to explore the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field and learn more about the faintest and most distant galaxies (5:12).\r\n\r\nMillennium Simulation<\/a>: A supercomputer in Germany follows the evolution of a representative large box as the universe evolves.\r\n\r\nMovies of flying through the large-scale local structure<\/a>: By Brent Tully.\r\n\r\nShedding Light on Dark Matter: 2008 TED talk on galaxies and dark matter by physicist Patricia Burchat (17:08).\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/bZW_B9CC-gI\r\n\r\nSloan Digital Sky Survey overview movies<\/a>\r\n\r\nVirtual Universe: An MIT model of a section of universe evolving, with dark matter included (4:11).\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/SY0bKE10ZDM\r\n\r\nWhen Two Galaxies Collide<\/a>: Computer simulation, which stops at various points and shows a Hubble image of just such a system in nature (1:37).","rendered":"

Articles<\/h3>\n

Andrews, B. “What Are Galaxies Trying to Tell Us?” Astronomy<\/em> (February 2011): 24. Introduction to our understanding of the shapes and evolution of different types of galaxies.<\/p>\n

Barger, A. “The Midlife Crisis of the Cosmos.” Scientific American<\/em> (January 2005): 46. On how our time differs from the early universe in terms of what galaxies are doing, and what role supermassive black holes play.<\/p>\n

Berman, B. “The Missing Universe.” Astronomy<\/em> (April 2014): 24. Brief review of dark matter, what it could be, and modified theories of gravity that can also explain it.<\/p>\n

Faber, S., et al. “Staring Back to Cosmic Dawn.” Sky & Telescope<\/em> (June 2014): 18. Program to see the most distant and earliest galaxies with the Hubble.<\/p>\n

Geller, M., & Huchra, J. “Mapping the Universe.” Sky & Telescope<\/em> (August 1991): 134. On their project mapping the location of galaxies in three dimensions.<\/p>\n

Hooper, D. “Dark Matter in the Discovery Age.” Sky & Telescope<\/em> (January 2013): 26. On experiments looking for the nature of dark matter.<\/p>\n

James, C. R. “The Hubble Deep Field: The Picture Worth a Trillion Stars.” Astronomy<\/em> (November 2015): 44. Detailed history and results, plus the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field.<\/p>\n

Kaufmann, G., & van den Bosch, F. “The Life Cycle of Galaxies.” Scientific American<\/em> (June 2002): 46. On the evolution of galaxies and how the different shapes of galaxies develop.<\/p>\n

Knapp, G. “Mining the Heavens: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey.” Sky & Telescope<\/em> (August 1997): 40.<\/p>\n

Kron, R., & Butler, S. “Stars and Strips Forever.” Astronomy<\/em> (February 1999): 48. On the Sloan Digital Survey.<\/p>\n

Kruesi, L. “What Do We Really Know about Dark Matter?” Astronomy<\/em> (November 2009): 28. Focuses on what dark matter could be and experiments to find out.<\/p>\n

Larson, R., & Bromm, V. “The First Stars in the Universe.” Scientific American<\/em> (December 2001): 64. On the dark ages and the birth of the first stars.<\/p>\n

Nadis, S. “Exploring the Galaxy-Black Hole Connection.” Astronomy<\/em> (May 2010): 28. About the role of massive black holes in the evolution of galaxies.<\/p>\n

Nadis, S. “Astronomers Reveal the Universe\u2019s Hidden Structure.” Astronomy<\/em> (September 2013): 44. How dark matter is the scaffolding on which the visible universe rests.<\/p>\n

Schilling, G. “Hubble Goes the Distance.” Sky & Telescope<\/em> (January 2015): 20. Using gravitational lensing with HST to see the most distant galaxies.<\/p>\n

Strauss, M. “Reading the Blueprints of Creation.” Scientific American<\/em> (February 2004): 54. On large-scale surveys of galaxies and what they tell us about the organization of the early universe.<\/p>\n

Tytell, D. “A Wide Deep Field: Getting the Big Picture.” Sky & Telescope<\/em> (September 2001): 42. On the NOAO survey of deep sky objects.<\/p>\n

Villard, R. “How Gravity\u2019s Grand Illusion Reveals the Universe.” Astronomy<\/em> (January 2013): 44. On gravitational lensing and what it teaches us.<\/p>\n

Websites<\/h3>\n

Assembly of Galaxies<\/a>: Introductory background information about galaxies: what we know and what we want to learn.<\/p>\n

Brief History of Gravitational Lensing<\/a>: From Einstein OnLine.<\/p>\n

Cosmic Structures<\/a>: Brief review page on how galaxies are organized, from the Sloan Survey.<\/p>\n

Discovery of the First Gravitational Lens<\/a>: By Ray Weymann, 2009.<\/p>\n

Gravitational Lensing Discoveries from the Hubble Space Telescope<\/a>: A chronological list of news releases and images.<\/p>\n

Local Group of Galaxies<\/a>: Clickable map from the Atlas of the Universe project. See also their Virgo Cluster page<\/a>.<\/p>\n

RotCurve<\/a>: Try your hand at using real galaxy rotation curve data to measure dark matter halos using this Java applet simulation.<\/p>\n

Sloan Digital Sky Survey Website<\/a>: Includes nontechnical and technical parts.<\/p>\n

Spyglasses into the Universe<\/a>: Hubble page on gravitational lensing; includes links to videos.<\/p>\n

Virgo Cluster of Galaxies<\/a>: A page with brief information and links to maps, images, etc.<\/p>\n

Videos<\/h3>\n

Cosmic Simulations<\/a>: Beautiful videos with computer simulations of how galaxies form, from the FIRE group.<\/p>\n

Cosmology of the Local Universe<\/a>: Narrated flythrough of maps of galaxies showing the closer regions of the universe (17:35).<\/p>\n

Gravitational Lensing: Video from Fermilab, with Dr. Don Lincoln (7:14).<\/p>\n