{"id":30,"date":"2016-11-15T21:39:24","date_gmt":"2016-11-15T21:39:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/astronomy\/?post_type=chapter&p=30"},"modified":"2017-07-26T18:33:56","modified_gmt":"2017-07-26T18:33:56","slug":"selected-moons-of-the-planets","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ncc-astronomy\/chapter\/selected-moons-of-the-planets\/","title":{"raw":"Selected Moons of the Planets","rendered":"Selected Moons of the Planets"},"content":{"raw":"

Note: As this book goes to press, nearly two hundred moons are now known in the solar system and more are being discovered on a regular basis. Of the major planets, only Mercury and Venus do not have moons. In addition to moons of the planets, there are many moons of asteroids. In this appendix, we list only the largest and most interesting objects that orbit each planet (including dwarf planets). The number given for each planet is discoveries through 2015. For further information see https:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/planets\/solarsystem\/moons and https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_natural_satellites.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Selected Moons of the Planets<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Planet (moons)<\/th>\r\nSatellite Name<\/th>\r\nDiscovery<\/th>\r\nSemimajor Axis (km \u00d7 1000)<\/th>\r\nPeriod (d)<\/th>\r\nDiameter (km)<\/th>\r\nMass (1020<\/sup> kg)<\/th>\r\nDensity (g\/cm3<\/sup>)<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
Earth (1)<\/td>\r\nMoon<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n384<\/td>\r\n27.32<\/td>\r\n3476<\/td>\r\n735<\/td>\r\n3.3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Mars (2)<\/td>\r\nPhobos<\/td>\r\nHall (1877)<\/td>\r\n9.4<\/td>\r\n0.32<\/td>\r\n23<\/td>\r\n1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\r\n2.0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Deimos<\/td>\r\nHall (1877)<\/td>\r\n23.5<\/td>\r\n1.26<\/td>\r\n13<\/td>\r\n2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22125<\/sup><\/td>\r\n1.7<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Jupiter (67)<\/td>\r\nAmalthea<\/td>\r\nBarnard (1892)<\/td>\r\n181<\/td>\r\n0.50<\/td>\r\n200<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Thebe<\/td>\r\nVoyager (1979)<\/td>\r\n222<\/td>\r\n0.67<\/td>\r\n90<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Io<\/td>\r\nGalileo (1610)<\/td>\r\n422<\/td>\r\n1.77<\/td>\r\n3630<\/td>\r\n894<\/td>\r\n3.6<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Europa<\/td>\r\nGalileo (1610)<\/td>\r\n671<\/td>\r\n3.55<\/td>\r\n3138<\/td>\r\n480<\/td>\r\n3.0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ganymede<\/td>\r\nGalileo (1610)<\/td>\r\n1070<\/td>\r\n7.16<\/td>\r\n5262<\/td>\r\n1482<\/td>\r\n1.9<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Callisto<\/td>\r\nGalileo (1610)<\/td>\r\n1883<\/td>\r\n16.69<\/td>\r\n4800<\/td>\r\n1077<\/td>\r\n1.9<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Himalia<\/td>\r\nPerrine (1904)<\/td>\r\n11,460<\/td>\r\n251<\/td>\r\n170<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Saturn (62)<\/td>\r\nPan<\/td>\r\nVoyager (1985)<\/td>\r\n133.6<\/td>\r\n0.58<\/td>\r\n20<\/td>\r\n3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22125<\/sup><\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Atlas<\/td>\r\nVoyager (1980)<\/td>\r\n137.7<\/td>\r\n0.60<\/td>\r\n40<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Prometheus<\/td>\r\nVoyager (1980)<\/td>\r\n139.4<\/td>\r\n0.61<\/td>\r\n80<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Pandora<\/td>\r\nVoyager (1980)<\/td>\r\n141.7<\/td>\r\n0.63<\/td>\r\n100<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Janus<\/td>\r\nDollfus (1966)<\/td>\r\n151.4<\/td>\r\n0.69<\/td>\r\n190<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Epimetheus<\/td>\r\nFountain, Larson (1980)<\/td>\r\n151.4<\/td>\r\n0.69<\/td>\r\n120<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Mimas<\/td>\r\nHerschel (1789)<\/td>\r\n186<\/td>\r\n0.94<\/td>\r\n394<\/td>\r\n0.4<\/td>\r\n1.2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Enceladus<\/td>\r\nHerschel (1789)<\/td>\r\n238<\/td>\r\n1.37<\/td>\r\n502<\/td>\r\n0.8<\/td>\r\n1.2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Tethys<\/td>\r\nCassini (1684)<\/td>\r\n295<\/td>\r\n1.89<\/td>\r\n1048<\/td>\r\n7.5<\/td>\r\n1.3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Dione<\/td>\r\nCassini (1684)<\/td>\r\n377<\/td>\r\n2.74<\/td>\r\n1120<\/td>\r\n11<\/td>\r\n1.3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Rhea<\/td>\r\nCassini (1672)<\/td>\r\n527<\/td>\r\n4.52<\/td>\r\n1530<\/td>\r\n25<\/td>\r\n1.3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Titan<\/td>\r\nHuygens (1655)<\/td>\r\n1222<\/td>\r\n15.95<\/td>\r\n5150<\/td>\r\n1346<\/td>\r\n1.9<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Hyperion<\/td>\r\nBond, Lassell (1848)<\/td>\r\n1481<\/td>\r\n21.3<\/td>\r\n270<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Iapetus<\/td>\r\nCassini (1671)<\/td>\r\n3561<\/td>\r\n79.3<\/td>\r\n1435<\/td>\r\n19<\/td>\r\n1.2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Phoebe<\/td>\r\nPickering (1898)<\/td>\r\n12,950<\/td>\r\n550 (R)[footnote]<\/sup><\/a>R stands for retrograde rotation (backward from the direction that most objects in the solar system revolve and rotate). [\/footnote]<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\r\n220<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Uranus (27)<\/td>\r\nPuck<\/td>\r\nVoyager (1985)<\/td>\r\n86.0<\/td>\r\n0.76<\/td>\r\n170<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Miranda<\/td>\r\nKuiper (1948)<\/td>\r\n130<\/td>\r\n1.41<\/td>\r\n485<\/td>\r\n0.8<\/td>\r\n1.3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ariel<\/td>\r\nLassell (1851)<\/td>\r\n191<\/td>\r\n2.52<\/td>\r\n1160<\/td>\r\n13<\/td>\r\n1.6<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Umbriel<\/td>\r\nLassell (1851)<\/td>\r\n266<\/td>\r\n4.14<\/td>\r\n1190<\/td>\r\n13<\/td>\r\n1.4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Titania<\/td>\r\nHerschel (1787)<\/td>\r\n436<\/td>\r\n8.71<\/td>\r\n1610<\/td>\r\n35<\/td>\r\n1.6<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Oberon<\/td>\r\nHerschel (1787)<\/td>\r\n583<\/td>\r\n13.5<\/td>\r\n1550<\/td>\r\n29<\/td>\r\n1.5<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Neptune (14)<\/td>\r\nDespina<\/td>\r\nVoyager (1989)<\/td>\r\n53<\/td>\r\n0.33<\/td>\r\n150<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Galatea<\/td>\r\nVoyager (1989)<\/td>\r\n62<\/td>\r\n0.40<\/td>\r\n150<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Larissa<\/td>\r\nVoyager (1989)<\/td>\r\n118<\/td>\r\n1.12<\/td>\r\n400<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Triton<\/td>\r\nLassell (1846)<\/td>\r\n355<\/td>\r\n5.88 (R)[footnote]<\/sup><\/a>R stands for retrograde rotation (backward from the direction that most objects in the solar system revolve and rotate). [\/footnote]<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\r\n2720<\/td>\r\n220<\/td>\r\n2.1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Nereid<\/td>\r\nKuiper (1949)<\/td>\r\n5511<\/td>\r\n360<\/td>\r\n340<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Pluto (5)<\/td>\r\nCharon<\/td>\r\nChristy (1978)<\/td>\r\n19.7<\/td>\r\n6.39<\/td>\r\n1200<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n1.7<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Styx<\/td>\r\nShowalter et al (2012)<\/td>\r\n42<\/td>\r\n20<\/td>\r\n20<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Nix<\/td>\r\nWeaver et al (2005)<\/td>\r\n48<\/td>\r\n24<\/td>\r\n46<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n2.1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Kerberos<\/td>\r\nShowalter et al (2011)<\/td>\r\n58<\/td>\r\n24<\/td>\r\n28<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n1.4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Hydra<\/td>\r\nWeaver et al (2005)<\/td>\r\n65<\/td>\r\n38<\/td>\r\n61<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n0.8<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Eris (1)<\/td>\r\nDysnomea<\/td>\r\nBrown et al (2005)<\/td>\r\n38<\/td>\r\n16<\/td>\r\n684<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Makemake (1)<\/td>\r\n(MK2)<\/td>\r\nParker et al (2016)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n160<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Haumea (2)<\/td>\r\nHi\u2019iaka<\/td>\r\nBrown et al (2005)<\/td>\r\n50<\/td>\r\n49<\/td>\r\n400<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Namaka<\/td>\r\nBrown et al (2005)<\/td>\r\n39<\/td>\r\n35<\/td>\r\n200<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","rendered":"

Note: As this book goes to press, nearly two hundred moons are now known in the solar system and more are being discovered on a regular basis. Of the major planets, only Mercury and Venus do not have moons. In addition to moons of the planets, there are many moons of asteroids. In this appendix, we list only the largest and most interesting objects that orbit each planet (including dwarf planets). The number given for each planet is discoveries through 2015. For further information see https:\/\/solarsystem.nasa.gov\/planets\/solarsystem\/moons and https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_natural_satellites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Selected Moons of the Planets<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Planet (moons)<\/th>\nSatellite Name<\/th>\nDiscovery<\/th>\nSemimajor Axis (km \u00d7 1000)<\/th>\nPeriod (d)<\/th>\nDiameter (km)<\/th>\nMass (1020<\/sup> kg)<\/th>\nDensity (g\/cm3<\/sup>)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Earth (1)<\/td>\nMoon<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n384<\/td>\n27.32<\/td>\n3476<\/td>\n735<\/td>\n3.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mars (2)<\/td>\nPhobos<\/td>\nHall (1877)<\/td>\n9.4<\/td>\n0.32<\/td>\n23<\/td>\n1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Deimos<\/td>\nHall (1877)<\/td>\n23.5<\/td>\n1.26<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22125<\/sup><\/td>\n1.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Jupiter (67)<\/td>\nAmalthea<\/td>\nBarnard (1892)<\/td>\n181<\/td>\n0.50<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Thebe<\/td>\nVoyager (1979)<\/td>\n222<\/td>\n0.67<\/td>\n90<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Io<\/td>\nGalileo (1610)<\/td>\n422<\/td>\n1.77<\/td>\n3630<\/td>\n894<\/td>\n3.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Europa<\/td>\nGalileo (1610)<\/td>\n671<\/td>\n3.55<\/td>\n3138<\/td>\n480<\/td>\n3.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ganymede<\/td>\nGalileo (1610)<\/td>\n1070<\/td>\n7.16<\/td>\n5262<\/td>\n1482<\/td>\n1.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Callisto<\/td>\nGalileo (1610)<\/td>\n1883<\/td>\n16.69<\/td>\n4800<\/td>\n1077<\/td>\n1.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Himalia<\/td>\nPerrine (1904)<\/td>\n11,460<\/td>\n251<\/td>\n170<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Saturn (62)<\/td>\nPan<\/td>\nVoyager (1985)<\/td>\n133.6<\/td>\n0.58<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22125<\/sup><\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Atlas<\/td>\nVoyager (1980)<\/td>\n137.7<\/td>\n0.60<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Prometheus<\/td>\nVoyager (1980)<\/td>\n139.4<\/td>\n0.61<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pandora<\/td>\nVoyager (1980)<\/td>\n141.7<\/td>\n0.63<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Janus<\/td>\nDollfus (1966)<\/td>\n151.4<\/td>\n0.69<\/td>\n190<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Epimetheus<\/td>\nFountain, Larson (1980)<\/td>\n151.4<\/td>\n0.69<\/td>\n120<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mimas<\/td>\nHerschel (1789)<\/td>\n186<\/td>\n0.94<\/td>\n394<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n1.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Enceladus<\/td>\nHerschel (1789)<\/td>\n238<\/td>\n1.37<\/td>\n502<\/td>\n0.8<\/td>\n1.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tethys<\/td>\nCassini (1684)<\/td>\n295<\/td>\n1.89<\/td>\n1048<\/td>\n7.5<\/td>\n1.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dione<\/td>\nCassini (1684)<\/td>\n377<\/td>\n2.74<\/td>\n1120<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n1.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rhea<\/td>\nCassini (1672)<\/td>\n527<\/td>\n4.52<\/td>\n1530<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n1.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Titan<\/td>\nHuygens (1655)<\/td>\n1222<\/td>\n15.95<\/td>\n5150<\/td>\n1346<\/td>\n1.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hyperion<\/td>\nBond, Lassell (1848)<\/td>\n1481<\/td>\n21.3<\/td>\n270<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iapetus<\/td>\nCassini (1671)<\/td>\n3561<\/td>\n79.3<\/td>\n1435<\/td>\n19<\/td>\n1.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Phoebe<\/td>\nPickering (1898)<\/td>\n12,950<\/td>\n550 (R)[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n220<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Uranus (27)<\/td>\nPuck<\/td>\nVoyager (1985)<\/td>\n86.0<\/td>\n0.76<\/td>\n170<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Miranda<\/td>\nKuiper (1948)<\/td>\n130<\/td>\n1.41<\/td>\n485<\/td>\n0.8<\/td>\n1.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ariel<\/td>\nLassell (1851)<\/td>\n191<\/td>\n2.52<\/td>\n1160<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n1.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Umbriel<\/td>\nLassell (1851)<\/td>\n266<\/td>\n4.14<\/td>\n1190<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n1.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Titania<\/td>\nHerschel (1787)<\/td>\n436<\/td>\n8.71<\/td>\n1610<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n1.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oberon<\/td>\nHerschel (1787)<\/td>\n583<\/td>\n13.5<\/td>\n1550<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Neptune (14)<\/td>\nDespina<\/td>\nVoyager (1989)<\/td>\n53<\/td>\n0.33<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Galatea<\/td>\nVoyager (1989)<\/td>\n62<\/td>\n0.40<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Larissa<\/td>\nVoyager (1989)<\/td>\n118<\/td>\n1.12<\/td>\n400<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Triton<\/td>\nLassell (1846)<\/td>\n355<\/td>\n5.88 (R)[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n2720<\/td>\n220<\/td>\n2.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nereid<\/td>\nKuiper (1949)<\/td>\n5511<\/td>\n360<\/td>\n340<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pluto (5)<\/td>\nCharon<\/td>\nChristy (1978)<\/td>\n19.7<\/td>\n6.39<\/td>\n1200<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n1.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Styx<\/td>\nShowalter et al (2012)<\/td>\n42<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nix<\/td>\nWeaver et al (2005)<\/td>\n48<\/td>\n24<\/td>\n46<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n2.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kerberos<\/td>\nShowalter et al (2011)<\/td>\n58<\/td>\n24<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n1.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hydra<\/td>\nWeaver et al (2005)<\/td>\n65<\/td>\n38<\/td>\n61<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n0.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Eris (1)<\/td>\nDysnomea<\/td>\nBrown et al (2005)<\/td>\n38<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n684<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Makemake (1)<\/td>\n(MK2)<\/td>\nParker et al (2016)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n160<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Haumea (2)<\/td>\nHi\u2019iaka<\/td>\nBrown et al (2005)<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n49<\/td>\n400<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Namaka<\/td>\nBrown et al (2005)<\/td>\n39<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\t\t\t
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