{"id":35,"date":"2016-11-15T21:39:28","date_gmt":"2016-11-15T21:39:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/astronomy\/?post_type=chapter&p=35"},"modified":"2017-07-26T18:49:54","modified_gmt":"2017-07-26T18:49:54","slug":"the-chemical-elements","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ncc-astronomy\/chapter\/the-chemical-elements\/","title":{"raw":"The Chemical Elements","rendered":"The Chemical Elements"},"content":{"raw":" \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
The Chemical Elements<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Element<\/th>\r\nSymbol<\/th>\r\nAtomic Number<\/th>\r\nAtomic Weight[footnote]<\/sup><\/a>Where mean atomic weights have not been well determined, the atomic mass numbers of the most stable isotopes are given in parentheses. [\/footnote]<\/sup><\/a><\/th>\r\nPercentage of Naturally Occurring Elements in the Universe<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
Hydrogen<\/td>\r\nH<\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n1.008<\/td>\r\n75<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Helium<\/td>\r\nHe<\/td>\r\n2<\/td>\r\n4.003<\/td>\r\n23<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Lithium<\/td>\r\nLi<\/td>\r\n3<\/td>\r\n6.94<\/td>\r\n6 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Beryllium<\/td>\r\nBe<\/td>\r\n4<\/td>\r\n9.012<\/td>\r\n1 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Boron<\/td>\r\nB<\/td>\r\n5<\/td>\r\n10.821<\/td>\r\n1 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Carbon<\/td>\r\nC<\/td>\r\n6<\/td>\r\n12.011<\/td>\r\n0.5<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Nitrogen<\/td>\r\nN<\/td>\r\n7<\/td>\r\n14.007<\/td>\r\n0.1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Oxygen<\/td>\r\nO<\/td>\r\n8<\/td>\r\n15.999<\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Fluorine<\/td>\r\nF<\/td>\r\n9<\/td>\r\n18.998<\/td>\r\n4 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Neon<\/td>\r\nNe<\/td>\r\n10<\/td>\r\n20.180<\/td>\r\n0.13<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Sodium<\/td>\r\nNa<\/td>\r\n11<\/td>\r\n22.990<\/td>\r\n0.002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Magnesium<\/td>\r\nMg<\/td>\r\n12<\/td>\r\n24.305<\/td>\r\n0.06<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Aluminum<\/td>\r\nAl<\/td>\r\n13<\/td>\r\n26.982<\/td>\r\n0.005<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Silicon<\/td>\r\nSi<\/td>\r\n14<\/td>\r\n28.085<\/td>\r\n0.07<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Phosphorus<\/td>\r\nP<\/td>\r\n15<\/td>\r\n30.974<\/td>\r\n7 \u00d7 10\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Sulfur<\/td>\r\nS<\/td>\r\n16<\/td>\r\n32.06<\/td>\r\n0.05<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Chlorine<\/td>\r\nCl<\/td>\r\n17<\/td>\r\n35.45<\/td>\r\n1 \u00d7 10\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Argon<\/td>\r\nAr<\/td>\r\n18<\/td>\r\n39.948<\/td>\r\n0.02<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Potassium<\/td>\r\nK<\/td>\r\n19<\/td>\r\n39.098<\/td>\r\n3 \u00d7 10\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Calcium<\/td>\r\nCa<\/td>\r\n20<\/td>\r\n40.078<\/td>\r\n0.007<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Scandium<\/td>\r\nSc<\/td>\r\n21<\/td>\r\n44.956<\/td>\r\n3 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Titanium<\/td>\r\nTi<\/td>\r\n22<\/td>\r\n47.867<\/td>\r\n3 \u00d7 10\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Vanadium<\/td>\r\nV<\/td>\r\n23<\/td>\r\n50.942<\/td>\r\n3 \u00d7 10\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Chromium<\/td>\r\nCr<\/td>\r\n24<\/td>\r\n51.996<\/td>\r\n0.0015<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Manganese<\/td>\r\nMn<\/td>\r\n25<\/td>\r\n54.938<\/td>\r\n8 \u00d7 10\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Iron<\/td>\r\nFe<\/td>\r\n26<\/td>\r\n55.845<\/td>\r\n0.11<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Cobalt<\/td>\r\nCo<\/td>\r\n27<\/td>\r\n58.933<\/td>\r\n3 \u00d7 10\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Nickel<\/td>\r\nNi<\/td>\r\n28<\/td>\r\n58.693<\/td>\r\n0.006<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Copper<\/td>\r\nCu<\/td>\r\n29<\/td>\r\n63.546<\/td>\r\n6 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Zinc<\/td>\r\nZn<\/td>\r\n30<\/td>\r\n65.38<\/td>\r\n3 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Gallium<\/td>\r\nGa<\/td>\r\n31<\/td>\r\n69.723<\/td>\r\n1 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Germanium<\/td>\r\nGe<\/td>\r\n32<\/td>\r\n72.630<\/td>\r\n2 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Arsenic<\/td>\r\nAs<\/td>\r\n33<\/td>\r\n74.922<\/td>\r\n8 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Selenium<\/td>\r\nSe<\/td>\r\n34<\/td>\r\n78.971<\/td>\r\n3 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Bromine<\/td>\r\nBr<\/td>\r\n35<\/td>\r\n79.904<\/td>\r\n7 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Krypton<\/td>\r\nKr<\/td>\r\n36<\/td>\r\n83.798<\/td>\r\n4 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Rubidium<\/td>\r\nRb<\/td>\r\n37<\/td>\r\n85.468<\/td>\r\n1 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u2019Strontium<\/td>\r\nSr<\/td>\r\n38<\/td>\r\n87.62<\/td>\r\n4 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Yttrium<\/td>\r\nY<\/td>\r\n39<\/td>\r\n88.906<\/td>\r\n7 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Zirconium<\/td>\r\nZr<\/td>\r\n40<\/td>\r\n91.224<\/td>\r\n5 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Niobium<\/td>\r\nNb<\/td>\r\n41<\/td>\r\n92.906<\/td>\r\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Molybdenum<\/td>\r\nMo<\/td>\r\n42<\/td>\r\n95.95<\/td>\r\n5 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Technetium<\/td>\r\nTc<\/td>\r\n43<\/td>\r\n(98)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ruthenium<\/td>\r\nRu<\/td>\r\n44<\/td>\r\n101.07<\/td>\r\n4 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Rhodium<\/td>\r\nRh<\/td>\r\n45<\/td>\r\n102.906<\/td>\r\n6 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Palladium<\/td>\r\nPd<\/td>\r\n46<\/td>\r\n106.42<\/td>\r\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Silver<\/td>\r\nAg<\/td>\r\n47<\/td>\r\n107.868<\/td>\r\n6 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Cadmium<\/td>\r\nCd<\/td>\r\n48<\/td>\r\n112.414<\/td>\r\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Indium<\/td>\r\nIn<\/td>\r\n49<\/td>\r\n114.818<\/td>\r\n3 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Tin<\/td>\r\nSn<\/td>\r\n50<\/td>\r\n118.710<\/td>\r\n4 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Antimony<\/td>\r\nSb<\/td>\r\n51<\/td>\r\n121.760<\/td>\r\n4 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Tellurium<\/td>\r\nTe<\/td>\r\n52<\/td>\r\n127.60<\/td>\r\n9 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Iodine<\/td>\r\nI<\/td>\r\n53<\/td>\r\n126.904<\/td>\r\n1 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Xenon<\/td>\r\nXe<\/td>\r\n54<\/td>\r\n131.293<\/td>\r\n1 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Cesium<\/td>\r\nCs<\/td>\r\n55<\/td>\r\n132.905<\/td>\r\n8 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Barium<\/td>\r\nBa<\/td>\r\n56<\/td>\r\n137.327<\/td>\r\n1 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Lanthanum<\/td>\r\nLa<\/td>\r\n57<\/td>\r\n138.905<\/td>\r\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Cerium<\/td>\r\nCe<\/td>\r\n58<\/td>\r\n140.116<\/td>\r\n1 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Praseodymium<\/td>\r\nPr<\/td>\r\n59<\/td>\r\n140.907<\/td>\r\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Neodymium<\/td>\r\nNd<\/td>\r\n60<\/td>\r\n144.242<\/td>\r\n1 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Promethium<\/td>\r\nPm<\/td>\r\n61<\/td>\r\n(145)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Samarium<\/td>\r\nSm<\/td>\r\n62<\/td>\r\n150.36<\/td>\r\n5 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Europium<\/td>\r\nEu<\/td>\r\n63<\/td>\r\n151.964<\/td>\r\n5 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Gadolinium<\/td>\r\nGd<\/td>\r\n64<\/td>\r\n157.25<\/td>\r\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Terbium<\/td>\r\nTb<\/td>\r\n65<\/td>\r\n158.925<\/td>\r\n5 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Dysprosium<\/td>\r\nDy<\/td>\r\n66<\/td>\r\n162.500<\/td>\r\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Holmium<\/td>\r\nHo<\/td>\r\n67<\/td>\r\n164.930<\/td>\r\n5 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Erbium<\/td>\r\nEr<\/td>\r\n68<\/td>\r\n167.259<\/td>\r\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Thulium<\/td>\r\nTm<\/td>\r\n69<\/td>\r\n168.934<\/td>\r\n1 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ytterbium<\/td>\r\nYb<\/td>\r\n70<\/td>\r\n173.054<\/td>\r\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Lutetium<\/td>\r\nLu<\/td>\r\n71<\/td>\r\n174.967<\/td>\r\n1 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Hafnium<\/td>\r\nHf<\/td>\r\n72<\/td>\r\n178.49<\/td>\r\n7 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Tantalum<\/td>\r\nTa<\/td>\r\n73<\/td>\r\n180.948<\/td>\r\n8 \u00d7 10\u22129<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Tungsten<\/td>\r\nW<\/td>\r\n74<\/td>\r\n183.84<\/td>\r\n5 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Rhenium<\/td>\r\nRe<\/td>\r\n75<\/td>\r\n186.207<\/td>\r\n2 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Osmium<\/td>\r\nOs<\/td>\r\n76<\/td>\r\n190.23<\/td>\r\n3 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Iridium<\/td>\r\nIr<\/td>\r\n77<\/td>\r\n192.217<\/td>\r\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Platinum<\/td>\r\nPt<\/td>\r\n78<\/td>\r\n195.084<\/td>\r\n5 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Gold<\/td>\r\nAu<\/td>\r\n79<\/td>\r\n196.967<\/td>\r\n6 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Mercury<\/td>\r\nHg<\/td>\r\n80<\/td>\r\n200.592<\/td>\r\n1 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Thallium<\/td>\r\nTI<\/td>\r\n81<\/td>\r\n204.38<\/td>\r\n5 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Lead<\/td>\r\nPb<\/td>\r\n82<\/td>\r\n207.2<\/td>\r\n1 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Bismuth<\/td>\r\nBi<\/td>\r\n83<\/td>\r\n208.980<\/td>\r\n7 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Polonium<\/td>\r\nPo<\/td>\r\n84<\/td>\r\n(209)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Astatine<\/td>\r\nAt<\/td>\r\n85<\/td>\r\n(210)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Radon<\/td>\r\nRn<\/td>\r\n86<\/td>\r\n(222)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Francium<\/td>\r\nFr<\/td>\r\n87<\/td>\r\n(223)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Radium<\/td>\r\nRa<\/td>\r\n88<\/td>\r\n(226)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Actinium<\/td>\r\nAc<\/td>\r\n89<\/td>\r\n(227)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Thorium<\/td>\r\nTh<\/td>\r\n90<\/td>\r\n232.038<\/td>\r\n4 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Protactinium<\/td>\r\nPa<\/td>\r\n91<\/td>\r\n231.036<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Uranium<\/td>\r\nU<\/td>\r\n92<\/td>\r\n238.029<\/td>\r\n2 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Neptunium<\/td>\r\nNp<\/td>\r\n93<\/td>\r\n(237)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Plutonium<\/td>\r\nPu<\/td>\r\n94<\/td>\r\n(244)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Americium<\/td>\r\nAm<\/td>\r\n95<\/td>\r\n(243)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Curium<\/td>\r\nCm<\/td>\r\n96<\/td>\r\n(247)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Berkelium<\/td>\r\nBk<\/td>\r\n97<\/td>\r\n(247)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Californium<\/td>\r\nCf<\/td>\r\n98<\/td>\r\n(251)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Einsteinium<\/td>\r\nEs<\/td>\r\n99<\/td>\r\n(252)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Fermium<\/td>\r\nFm<\/td>\r\n100<\/td>\r\n(257)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Mendelevium<\/td>\r\nMd<\/td>\r\n101<\/td>\r\n(258)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Nobelium<\/td>\r\nNo<\/td>\r\n102<\/td>\r\n(259)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Lawrencium<\/td>\r\nLr<\/td>\r\n103<\/td>\r\n(262)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Rutherfordium<\/td>\r\nRf<\/td>\r\n104<\/td>\r\n(267)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Dubnium<\/td>\r\nDb<\/td>\r\n105<\/td>\r\n(268)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Seaborgium<\/td>\r\nSg<\/td>\r\n106<\/td>\r\n(271)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Bohrium<\/td>\r\nBh<\/td>\r\n107<\/td>\r\n(272)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Hassium<\/td>\r\nHs<\/td>\r\n108<\/td>\r\n(270)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Meitnerium<\/td>\r\nMt<\/td>\r\n109<\/td>\r\n(276)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Darmstadtium<\/td>\r\nDs<\/td>\r\n110<\/td>\r\n(281)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Roentgenium<\/td>\r\nRg<\/td>\r\n111<\/td>\r\n(280)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Copernicium<\/td>\r\nCn<\/td>\r\n112<\/td>\r\n(285)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ununtrium<\/td>\r\nUut<\/td>\r\n113<\/td>\r\n(284)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Flerovium<\/td>\r\nFl<\/td>\r\n114<\/td>\r\n(289)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ununpentium<\/td>\r\nUup<\/td>\r\n115<\/td>\r\n(288)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Livermorium<\/td>\r\nLv<\/td>\r\n116<\/td>\r\n(293)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ununseptium<\/td>\r\nUus<\/td>\r\n117<\/td>\r\n(294)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ununoctium<\/td>\r\nUuo<\/td>\r\n118<\/td>\r\n(294)<\/td>\r\n\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

Note: Some of the newest elements near the bottom of the table have suggested names that are still under review, and those names are not yet listed here. For example, Tennessine is suggested for element 117, after the state where the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is located<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
The Chemical Elements<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Element<\/th>\nSymbol<\/th>\nAtomic Number<\/th>\nAtomic Weight[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/a><\/th>\nPercentage of Naturally Occurring Elements in the Universe<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Hydrogen<\/td>\nH<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.008<\/td>\n75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Helium<\/td>\nHe<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n4.003<\/td>\n23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lithium<\/td>\nLi<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n6.94<\/td>\n6 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Beryllium<\/td>\nBe<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n9.012<\/td>\n1 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Boron<\/td>\nB<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n10.821<\/td>\n1 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Carbon<\/td>\nC<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n12.011<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nitrogen<\/td>\nN<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n14.007<\/td>\n0.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oxygen<\/td>\nO<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n15.999<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fluorine<\/td>\nF<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n18.998<\/td>\n4 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Neon<\/td>\nNe<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n20.180<\/td>\n0.13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sodium<\/td>\nNa<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n22.990<\/td>\n0.002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Magnesium<\/td>\nMg<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n24.305<\/td>\n0.06<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aluminum<\/td>\nAl<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n26.982<\/td>\n0.005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Silicon<\/td>\nSi<\/td>\n14<\/td>\n28.085<\/td>\n0.07<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Phosphorus<\/td>\nP<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n30.974<\/td>\n7 \u00d7 10\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sulfur<\/td>\nS<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n32.06<\/td>\n0.05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chlorine<\/td>\nCl<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n35.45<\/td>\n1 \u00d7 10\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Argon<\/td>\nAr<\/td>\n18<\/td>\n39.948<\/td>\n0.02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Potassium<\/td>\nK<\/td>\n19<\/td>\n39.098<\/td>\n3 \u00d7 10\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Calcium<\/td>\nCa<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n40.078<\/td>\n0.007<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Scandium<\/td>\nSc<\/td>\n21<\/td>\n44.956<\/td>\n3 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Titanium<\/td>\nTi<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n47.867<\/td>\n3 \u00d7 10\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vanadium<\/td>\nV<\/td>\n23<\/td>\n50.942<\/td>\n3 \u00d7 10\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chromium<\/td>\nCr<\/td>\n24<\/td>\n51.996<\/td>\n0.0015<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manganese<\/td>\nMn<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n54.938<\/td>\n8 \u00d7 10\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iron<\/td>\nFe<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n55.845<\/td>\n0.11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cobalt<\/td>\nCo<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n58.933<\/td>\n3 \u00d7 10\u22124<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nickel<\/td>\nNi<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n58.693<\/td>\n0.006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Copper<\/td>\nCu<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n63.546<\/td>\n6 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zinc<\/td>\nZn<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n65.38<\/td>\n3 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gallium<\/td>\nGa<\/td>\n31<\/td>\n69.723<\/td>\n1 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Germanium<\/td>\nGe<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n72.630<\/td>\n2 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Arsenic<\/td>\nAs<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n74.922<\/td>\n8 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Selenium<\/td>\nSe<\/td>\n34<\/td>\n78.971<\/td>\n3 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bromine<\/td>\nBr<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n79.904<\/td>\n7 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Krypton<\/td>\nKr<\/td>\n36<\/td>\n83.798<\/td>\n4 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rubidium<\/td>\nRb<\/td>\n37<\/td>\n85.468<\/td>\n1 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2019Strontium<\/td>\nSr<\/td>\n38<\/td>\n87.62<\/td>\n4 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yttrium<\/td>\nY<\/td>\n39<\/td>\n88.906<\/td>\n7 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zirconium<\/td>\nZr<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n91.224<\/td>\n5 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Niobium<\/td>\nNb<\/td>\n41<\/td>\n92.906<\/td>\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Molybdenum<\/td>\nMo<\/td>\n42<\/td>\n95.95<\/td>\n5 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Technetium<\/td>\nTc<\/td>\n43<\/td>\n(98)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ruthenium<\/td>\nRu<\/td>\n44<\/td>\n101.07<\/td>\n4 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rhodium<\/td>\nRh<\/td>\n45<\/td>\n102.906<\/td>\n6 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Palladium<\/td>\nPd<\/td>\n46<\/td>\n106.42<\/td>\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Silver<\/td>\nAg<\/td>\n47<\/td>\n107.868<\/td>\n6 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cadmium<\/td>\nCd<\/td>\n48<\/td>\n112.414<\/td>\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Indium<\/td>\nIn<\/td>\n49<\/td>\n114.818<\/td>\n3 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tin<\/td>\nSn<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n118.710<\/td>\n4 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Antimony<\/td>\nSb<\/td>\n51<\/td>\n121.760<\/td>\n4 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tellurium<\/td>\nTe<\/td>\n52<\/td>\n127.60<\/td>\n9 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iodine<\/td>\nI<\/td>\n53<\/td>\n126.904<\/td>\n1 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Xenon<\/td>\nXe<\/td>\n54<\/td>\n131.293<\/td>\n1 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cesium<\/td>\nCs<\/td>\n55<\/td>\n132.905<\/td>\n8 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Barium<\/td>\nBa<\/td>\n56<\/td>\n137.327<\/td>\n1 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lanthanum<\/td>\nLa<\/td>\n57<\/td>\n138.905<\/td>\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cerium<\/td>\nCe<\/td>\n58<\/td>\n140.116<\/td>\n1 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Praseodymium<\/td>\nPr<\/td>\n59<\/td>\n140.907<\/td>\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Neodymium<\/td>\nNd<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n144.242<\/td>\n1 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Promethium<\/td>\nPm<\/td>\n61<\/td>\n(145)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Samarium<\/td>\nSm<\/td>\n62<\/td>\n150.36<\/td>\n5 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Europium<\/td>\nEu<\/td>\n63<\/td>\n151.964<\/td>\n5 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gadolinium<\/td>\nGd<\/td>\n64<\/td>\n157.25<\/td>\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Terbium<\/td>\nTb<\/td>\n65<\/td>\n158.925<\/td>\n5 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dysprosium<\/td>\nDy<\/td>\n66<\/td>\n162.500<\/td>\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Holmium<\/td>\nHo<\/td>\n67<\/td>\n164.930<\/td>\n5 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Erbium<\/td>\nEr<\/td>\n68<\/td>\n167.259<\/td>\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Thulium<\/td>\nTm<\/td>\n69<\/td>\n168.934<\/td>\n1 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ytterbium<\/td>\nYb<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n173.054<\/td>\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lutetium<\/td>\nLu<\/td>\n71<\/td>\n174.967<\/td>\n1 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hafnium<\/td>\nHf<\/td>\n72<\/td>\n178.49<\/td>\n7 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tantalum<\/td>\nTa<\/td>\n73<\/td>\n180.948<\/td>\n8 \u00d7 10\u22129<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tungsten<\/td>\nW<\/td>\n74<\/td>\n183.84<\/td>\n5 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rhenium<\/td>\nRe<\/td>\n75<\/td>\n186.207<\/td>\n2 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Osmium<\/td>\nOs<\/td>\n76<\/td>\n190.23<\/td>\n3 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iridium<\/td>\nIr<\/td>\n77<\/td>\n192.217<\/td>\n2 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Platinum<\/td>\nPt<\/td>\n78<\/td>\n195.084<\/td>\n5 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gold<\/td>\nAu<\/td>\n79<\/td>\n196.967<\/td>\n6 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mercury<\/td>\nHg<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n200.592<\/td>\n1 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Thallium<\/td>\nTI<\/td>\n81<\/td>\n204.38<\/td>\n5 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lead<\/td>\nPb<\/td>\n82<\/td>\n207.2<\/td>\n1 \u00d7 10\u22126<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bismuth<\/td>\nBi<\/td>\n83<\/td>\n208.980<\/td>\n7 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Polonium<\/td>\nPo<\/td>\n84<\/td>\n(209)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Astatine<\/td>\nAt<\/td>\n85<\/td>\n(210)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Radon<\/td>\nRn<\/td>\n86<\/td>\n(222)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Francium<\/td>\nFr<\/td>\n87<\/td>\n(223)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Radium<\/td>\nRa<\/td>\n88<\/td>\n(226)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Actinium<\/td>\nAc<\/td>\n89<\/td>\n(227)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Thorium<\/td>\nTh<\/td>\n90<\/td>\n232.038<\/td>\n4 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Protactinium<\/td>\nPa<\/td>\n91<\/td>\n231.036<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Uranium<\/td>\nU<\/td>\n92<\/td>\n238.029<\/td>\n2 \u00d7 10\u22128<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Neptunium<\/td>\nNp<\/td>\n93<\/td>\n(237)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plutonium<\/td>\nPu<\/td>\n94<\/td>\n(244)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Americium<\/td>\nAm<\/td>\n95<\/td>\n(243)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Curium<\/td>\nCm<\/td>\n96<\/td>\n(247)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Berkelium<\/td>\nBk<\/td>\n97<\/td>\n(247)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Californium<\/td>\nCf<\/td>\n98<\/td>\n(251)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Einsteinium<\/td>\nEs<\/td>\n99<\/td>\n(252)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fermium<\/td>\nFm<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n(257)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mendelevium<\/td>\nMd<\/td>\n101<\/td>\n(258)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nobelium<\/td>\nNo<\/td>\n102<\/td>\n(259)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lawrencium<\/td>\nLr<\/td>\n103<\/td>\n(262)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rutherfordium<\/td>\nRf<\/td>\n104<\/td>\n(267)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dubnium<\/td>\nDb<\/td>\n105<\/td>\n(268)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Seaborgium<\/td>\nSg<\/td>\n106<\/td>\n(271)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bohrium<\/td>\nBh<\/td>\n107<\/td>\n(272)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hassium<\/td>\nHs<\/td>\n108<\/td>\n(270)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Meitnerium<\/td>\nMt<\/td>\n109<\/td>\n(276)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Darmstadtium<\/td>\nDs<\/td>\n110<\/td>\n(281)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Roentgenium<\/td>\nRg<\/td>\n111<\/td>\n(280)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Copernicium<\/td>\nCn<\/td>\n112<\/td>\n(285)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ununtrium<\/td>\nUut<\/td>\n113<\/td>\n(284)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flerovium<\/td>\nFl<\/td>\n114<\/td>\n(289)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ununpentium<\/td>\nUup<\/td>\n115<\/td>\n(288)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Livermorium<\/td>\nLv<\/td>\n116<\/td>\n(293)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ununseptium<\/td>\nUus<\/td>\n117<\/td>\n(294)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ununoctium<\/td>\nUuo<\/td>\n118<\/td>\n(294)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Note: Some of the newest elements near the bottom of the table have suggested names that are still under review, and those names are not yet listed here. For example, Tennessine is suggested for element 117, after the state where the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is located<\/p>\n

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