{"id":2572,"date":"2018-01-04T16:57:39","date_gmt":"2018-01-04T16:57:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ncc-zeliart\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2572"},"modified":"2018-06-19T19:00:08","modified_gmt":"2018-06-19T19:00:08","slug":"key-learning-terms-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-ncc-zeliart\/chapter\/key-learning-terms-2\/","title":{"raw":"Key Learning Terms","rendered":"Key Learning Terms"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\nAfter successful completion of this module you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Identify the major visual characteristics of early Mesopotamian (Sumerian\/Akkadian), Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian and Persian art (formal, technical and expressive)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Interpret the possible meaning(s) of works of early Mesopotamian (Sumerian\/Akkadian), Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian and Persian art based on examination and analysis of themes, subject matter and use of symbols.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Relate early Mesopotamian (Sumerian\/Akkadian), Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian and Persian art to cultural, economic, religious and political contexts.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Refine art historical methods of investigation such as observation and comparison.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify suitable visual and textual evidence drawn from various media to support an argument or an interpretation of Ancient Near Eastern art.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Apply specialized art historical vocabulary and concepts to describe and analyze specific examples of Ancient Near Eastern art.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>KEY QUESTIONS TO ASK<\/h3>\r\nWhile you are reviewing the contents of this module, consider the following questions:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>How does the lifestyle of the artist and community affect the subject matter of the work of art?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How does the form of the work reflect attitudes prevalent in the culture?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How does the planning and construction of structures reveal significant cultural activities and priorities?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What does the chosen medium tell us about the world that these artists inhabited?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Vocabulary Terms<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Key Terms:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/city-state\">city-state<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/cuneiform\/\">cuneiform<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dictionary.com\/browse\/pictograph\">pictographs<\/a>, stylus, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cylinder_seal\">cylinder seal<\/a>, votive offering, votive figure,\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ancient-literature.com\/other_gilgamesh.html\">Epic of Gilgamesh<\/a>,\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hierarchical_proportion\">hierarchy of scale<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dictionary.com\/browse\/frieze\">registers or friezes<\/a>, composite view, ground line, lapis lazuli, conceptual vs. optical representation, plan, grid, architectural reconstruction, bent-axis plan, cella, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mesopotamia.co.uk\/ziggurats\/home_set.html\">ziggurat<\/a>, stele, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.livius.org\/articles\/place\/persepolis\/persepolis-photos\/persepolis-apadana\/?\">apadana<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persian_column\">columns, bases, shafts, fluting, capitals<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ancient-art-civilizations\/ancient-near-east1\/assyrian\/v\/lamassu\">lamassu<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dictionary.com\/browse\/eclectic\">eclectic<\/a>\r\n\r\n<strong>Key Place Names:\u00a0<\/strong>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Fertile-Crescent\">Fertile Crescent<\/a>,\u201d Mesopotamia, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=11&amp;v=nIP8OVm2KiY\">Ur<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/hd\/uruk\/hd_uruk.htm\">Uruk<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Nineveh-ancient-city-Iraq\">Nineveh<\/a>, Neo-Sumeria\/Third Dynasty of Ur, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lagash\">Lagash<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/babylon\/\">Babylon<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Assyria\">Assyria<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oi.uchicago.edu\/research\/projects\/excavations-khorsabad\">Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ancient-art-civilizations\/ancient-near-east1\/babylonian\/a\/neo-babylonian\">Neo-Babylonia<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/114\">Persepolis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/hd\/acha\/hd_acha.htm\">Achaemenid Persia<\/a>\r\n\r\n<strong>Key Figures:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/Sargon_of_Akkad\/\">Sargon of Akkad<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/Naram-Sin\/\">Naram-Sin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/works-of-art\/59.2\/\">Gudea<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/hammurabi\/\">Hammurabi<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/Ashurnasirpal_II\/\">Ashurnasirpal II,<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/Ashurbanipal\">Ashurbanipal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/Sargon_II\/\">Sargon II of Assyria<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/Nebuchadnezzar_II\/\">Nebuchadnezzer II<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/Cyrus_the_Great\">Cyrus of Persia<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/Darius_I\/\">Darius I<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/Xerxes_I\/\">Xerxes<\/a>\r\n\r\nHere are links to art history glossaries that will help you better understand the above key vocabulary terms.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/arthistory.about.com\/od\/glossary\/l\/bl_Art-Glossary.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">About.com: Art History<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.artcyclopedia.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Artcyclopedia: A Guide to Fine Art<\/a>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<p>After successful completion of this module you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify the major visual characteristics of early Mesopotamian (Sumerian\/Akkadian), Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian and Persian art (formal, technical and expressive)<\/li>\n<li>Interpret the possible meaning(s) of works of early Mesopotamian (Sumerian\/Akkadian), Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian and Persian art based on examination and analysis of themes, subject matter and use of symbols.<\/li>\n<li>Relate early Mesopotamian (Sumerian\/Akkadian), Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian and Persian art to cultural, economic, religious and political contexts.<\/li>\n<li>Refine art historical methods of investigation such as observation and comparison.<\/li>\n<li>Identify suitable visual and textual evidence drawn from various media to support an argument or an interpretation of Ancient Near Eastern art.<\/li>\n<li>Apply specialized art historical vocabulary and concepts to describe and analyze specific examples of Ancient Near Eastern art.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>KEY QUESTIONS TO ASK<\/h3>\n<p>While you are reviewing the contents of this module, consider the following questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>How does the lifestyle of the artist and community affect the subject matter of the work of art?<\/li>\n<li>How does the form of the work reflect attitudes prevalent in the culture?<\/li>\n<li>How does the planning and construction of structures reveal significant cultural activities and priorities?<\/li>\n<li>What does the chosen medium tell us about the world that these artists inhabited?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Vocabulary Terms<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Key Terms:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/city-state\">city-state<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/cuneiform\/\">cuneiform<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dictionary.com\/browse\/pictograph\">pictographs<\/a>, stylus, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cylinder_seal\">cylinder seal<\/a>, votive offering, votive figure,\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ancient-literature.com\/other_gilgamesh.html\">Epic of Gilgamesh<\/a>,\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hierarchical_proportion\">hierarchy of scale<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dictionary.com\/browse\/frieze\">registers or friezes<\/a>, composite view, ground line, lapis lazuli, conceptual vs. optical representation, plan, grid, architectural reconstruction, bent-axis plan, cella, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mesopotamia.co.uk\/ziggurats\/home_set.html\">ziggurat<\/a>, stele, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.livius.org\/articles\/place\/persepolis\/persepolis-photos\/persepolis-apadana\/?\">apadana<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persian_column\">columns, bases, shafts, fluting, capitals<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ancient-art-civilizations\/ancient-near-east1\/assyrian\/v\/lamassu\">lamassu<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dictionary.com\/browse\/eclectic\">eclectic<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Place Names:\u00a0<\/strong>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Fertile-Crescent\">Fertile Crescent<\/a>,\u201d Mesopotamia, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=11&amp;v=nIP8OVm2KiY\">Ur<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/hd\/uruk\/hd_uruk.htm\">Uruk<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Nineveh-ancient-city-Iraq\">Nineveh<\/a>, Neo-Sumeria\/Third Dynasty of Ur, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Lagash\">Lagash<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/babylon\/\">Babylon<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Assyria\">Assyria<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oi.uchicago.edu\/research\/projects\/excavations-khorsabad\">Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/ancient-art-civilizations\/ancient-near-east1\/babylonian\/a\/neo-babylonian\">Neo-Babylonia<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/114\">Persepolis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/hd\/acha\/hd_acha.htm\">Achaemenid Persia<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Figures:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/Sargon_of_Akkad\/\">Sargon of Akkad<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/Naram-Sin\/\">Naram-Sin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/works-of-art\/59.2\/\">Gudea<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/hammurabi\/\">Hammurabi<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/Ashurnasirpal_II\/\">Ashurnasirpal II,<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/Ashurbanipal\">Ashurbanipal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/Sargon_II\/\">Sargon II of Assyria<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/Nebuchadnezzar_II\/\">Nebuchadnezzer II<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/Cyrus_the_Great\">Cyrus of Persia<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/Darius_I\/\">Darius I<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/Xerxes_I\/\">Xerxes<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Here are links to art history glossaries that will help you better understand the above key vocabulary terms.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/arthistory.about.com\/od\/glossary\/l\/bl_Art-Glossary.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">About.com: Art History<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.artcyclopedia.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Artcyclopedia: A Guide to Fine Art<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2572\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Key Learning Terms. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Alison Guest. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Nassau Community College. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Key Learning Terms. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/about\/cc0\">CC0: No Rights Reserved<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":23693,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Key Learning Terms\",\"author\":\"Alison Guest\",\"organization\":\"Nassau Community College\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"Key Learning 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