Type

Information

Use

Examples

Magazines

As you know, a magazine is a collection of articles and images about diverse topics of popular interest and current events.

Usually these articles are written by journalists or scholars and are geared toward the average adult.

Magazines may cover very “serious” material, but to find consistent scholarly information, you should use journals.

• to find information or opinions about popular culture
• to find up-to-date information about current events
• to find general articles for people who are not necessarily specialists about the topic

• Ebony
• Sports Illustrated
• People

Academic journals

A journal is a collection of articles usually written by scholars in an academic or professional field.

An editorial board reviews articles to decide whether they should be accepted.

Articles in journals can cover very specific topics or narrow fields of research.

• when doing scholarly research
• to find out what has been studied on your topic
• to find bibliographies that point to other relevant research

• Journal of Communication
• The Historian
• Journal of the American Medical Association
• Lancet

Newspapers

A newspaper is a collection of articles about current events usually published daily. Since there is at least one in every city, it is a great source for local information.

• to find current information about international, national and local events
• to find editorials, commentaries, expert or popular opinions

• Roanoke Times
• New York Times
• Suddeutsche Zeitung

Books

Books cover virtually any topic, fact or fiction. For research purposes, you will probably be looking for books that synthesize all the information on one topic to support a particular argument or thesis.

Of course, textbooks are a type of book that you will be reading throughout your academic career. They are typically written by professors and other experts in their fields. The authors typically have advanced degrees.

• when looking for lots of information on a topic
• to put your topic in context with other important issues
• to find historical information
• to find summaries of research to support an argument

• Nash, Gary B. ed. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, 1990.
• Silverstone, Roger, ed.Visions of Suburbia,1997.
• Smith, J. T.Roman Villas: A Study in Social Structure, 1997

Encyclopedias

Encyclopedias are collections of short, factual entries often written by different contributors who are knowledgeable about the topic. 

There are two types of encyclopedias: general and subject. General encyclopedias provide concise overviews on a wide variety of topics. Subject encyclopedias contain in-depth entries focusing on one field of study.

• when looking for background information on a topic
• when trying to find key ideas, important dates or concepts

• African-American Encyclopedia(subject encyclopedia)
• Encyclopedia Americana(general encyclopedia)
• World Book(general encyclopedia found online)
• Gale encyclopedia of genetic disorders(subject encyclopedia found online)

Web sites

The Web allows you to access most types of information on the Internet through a browser. One of the main features of the Web is the ability to quickly link to other related information. The Web contains information beyond plain text, including sounds, images, and video.

The important thing to do when using information on the Internet is to know how to evaluate it!

• to find current information
• to find information about companies
• to find information from all levels of government – federal to local
• to find both expert and popular opinions
• to find information about hobbies and personal interests

• • www.loc.gov/ (The Library of Congress)
  • wikipedia.org (a wiki)
  • www.vt.edu (Virginia Tech)